Open Access Books

Before new interventions can be used in disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in “field trials”, which may be complex and expensive undertakings. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in trials that have been conducted in the past have generally not been published. As a consequence, those planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to previously accumulated knowledge. In this book the practical issues of trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail for the text to be used as a “toolbox” by field investigators. The toolbox has now been extensively tested through use of the first two editions and this third edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the many developments that have taken place with respect to trials since 1996 and involving more than 30 contributors. Most of the chapters have been extensively revised and 7 new chapters have been added.

Published

"The Routledge Handbook on Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations brings international scholarship on transnational human rights obligations into a comprehensive and wide-ranging volume. Each chapter combines a thorough analysis of a particular issue area and provides a forward-looking perspective of how extraterritorial human rights obligations (ETOs) might come to be more fully recognized, outlining shortcomings but also best state practices. It builds insights gained from state practice to identify gaps in the literature and points to future avenues of inquiry. The Handbook is organized into seven thematic parts: conceptualization and theoretical foundations; enforcement; migration and refugee protection; financial assistance and sanctions; finance, investment and trade; peace and security; and environment. Chapters summarize the cutting edge of current knowledge on key topics as leading experts critically reflect on ETOs, and, where appropriate, engage with the Maastricht Principles to critically evaluate their value 10 years after their adoption. The Routledge Handbook on Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations is an authoritative and essential reference text for scholars and students of human rights and human rights law, and more broadly, of international law and international relations as well as to those working in international economic law, development studies, peace and conflict studies, environmental law and migration."

Operations management (OM) is the function concerned with the planning, design, implementation, and control of business operations in the production of goods and services. OM has expanded from its original factory-centric orientation to encompass the service industry and the respective, accompanying supply chains, with a broad, global range of applications, increasing reliance on quantitative analysis, and the development and the use of supporting computer-based information systems and technology. This book highlights some critical aspects and advances in the field of operations management. Topics covered include investigations in the area of sustainable supply chain management; the application of OM principles to the deployment of field laboratories to address epidemics; and novel approaches to applying operations management in response to increasingly diverse requirements, circumstances, and performance criteria.

In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.

La décennie ligueuse (1589-1598) marque profondément l’histoire et la mémoire bretonne, à travers des figures hautes en couleur comme le gentilhomme brigand La Fontenelle ou des évènements phares comme l’édit de Nantes. Or l’étude de cette période a été délaissée par la recherche historique. Depuis un siècle, elle était largement abandonnée aux mythes et aux préjugés. La Bretagne n’avait pas encore bénéficié de l’intérêt porté depuis une trentaine d’années par les historiens aux guerres de Religion qui ont divisé et meurtri la France, et plus particulièrement aux soulèvements des ligues nobiliaires et urbaines qui en constituent la phase ultime. Pourtant sur ce plan la spécificité bretonne est forte car les guerres y ont commencé, mais aussi y ont duré plus tard que partout ailleurs en France. Le personnage de Mercœur, chef de la Ligue en Bretagne a longtemps excessivement focalisé l’attention : l’ouvrage d’Hervé Le Goff montre que la crise ligueuse y fait intervenir des acteurs très divers. Il fournit une analyse novatrice de la genèse nécessairement complexe de cette guerre civile, et de ses motivations politiques, religieuses et sociales. Il reconstitue la cohérence d’évènements qui ne sont confus qu’en apparence et contribue au passage au renouvellement de l’histoire militaire du temps. Il tire pour terminer un bilan d’ensemble de ces troubles survenus dans une Bretagne prospère, en phase de croissance économique et démographique depuis plus d’un siècle. L’utilisation abondante de sources anglaises très largement ignorées auparavant permet en outre à Hervé Le Goff de mettre en évidence les enjeux internationaux de cette guerre, enjeux jusqu’alors peu éclairés. Il démontre l’importance géostratégique de la péninsule bretonne dans le conflit qui oppose alors Espagne et Angleterre. On peut se demander avec lui si, au cours des guerres bretonnes de la Ligue, période particulièrement cruelle pour la province, ne s’est pas joué, en cette fin du XVIe siècle, un épisode essentiel pour la naissance d’un nouvel équilibre européen.

An unreliable narrator relates the death of Claudius on 13 October (54 AD, I would add) by intervention of Mercury and Clotho, one of the Fates. Apollo compares Nero to himself, and Lachesis, another of the Fates, grant many years of life to the new princeps, bearer of the Golden Age. The work does not describe the journey to Olympus. When the arrival of a strange figure (Claudius) is announced to him, Jupiter sends Hercules, who, fearful at first sight of a possible thirteenth work, discovers that he is a kind of man, who, according to the Fever (who had always accompanied him and traveled with him to Olympus), was a native of Gaul. There follows a gap, after which a council of the gods is described, where Diespiter defends the admission of Claudius among the Olympian gods, and an unidentified character, Janus and Augustus deny Claudius his claims. Mercury drags Claudius to Rome, where he attends his funeral, and from there to the underworld, where, initially condemned by Aeacus to play dice with a bottomless dice-box, he ends up as the freedman Menander’s secretary for petitions and law-clerk.

The Cypriote collection of complete vessels - nine of them belong to the late Bronze Age, 126 to lron Age - are presented in this volume. 20 objects of Attic-Geometric and Protoattic pottery are attached to the Cypriote pottery. The particular interest of this small collection with some outstanding pieces is the close connection to Alexander Conze, professor of archaeology at Vienna, pioneering the study of the Geometrie style in the early 1870s.

Lacking the warlike bluntness of his predecessor, Richard the Lionheart, John came to the throne of England at a time when economic forces in the realm were threatening to undermine the very basis of feudal power. His attempts to adjust a political system to cope with this threat and at the same time to assert the hegemony of the monarchy over its chief rivals—the barons and the church—made his reign one of particular importance and significance in English history.

Arts Education institutions and programs create an excellent framework for personality development: learning knowledge, learning skills and learning life. Their attainment requires education to be a holistic concept of advancement that includes aesthetic practice and involvement with the arts. It challenges them to use their actions to think about the meaning of life, in as much as everyone can use artistic experiences to affirm and interrogate their self-image. The Research Program of the UNESCO Chair in Cultural Policy for the Arts in Development at the University of Hildesheim in Germany brought together experts from the Universities in Dar Es Salam, Kampala, Nairobi, Pretoria, Johannesburg, Casablanca and Tunis and further independent researchers to exchange concepts in Cultural Policy for Arts Education.

This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes.

This valuable book aims to provide a connection between various chromatography techniques and different processes. Authors applied these techniques in supercritical technology, medical, environmental, physique and chemical processes. Most of them prepared mathematical support (such as correlation) for their original results obtained from the chromatography techniques. Since chromatography techniques (such as GC, HPLC & etc) are separating and analyzing methods, this chapters will help other researchers and young scientists to choose a suitable chromatography technique. Furthermore, this book illustrates the newest challenges in this area.

This special edition is based on the annual conference of Sustainable Asia Conference (http://abf.inha.ac.kr/). The purpose of the conference is to work together for our future challenges. Every year more than 50 papers are presented in the conference and published in the special edition of Sustainability. Your participation on the next SAC conference shall greatly enhance our research human network. Once a friend, forever friend, it is our slogan for the conference.

"More and more people have to write in their jobs, and some need to write for publication. Students must learn to write in new genres, and their teachers not only need to write but also help others develop their own writing. Even though writing is often essential for learning a discipline and developing a professional identity, these aspects are often overlooked in academic settings. A surprising number of us struggle with writing, and often do so alone. Writing touches upon deeply personal processes concerning who we are in the eyes of others and how we view ourselves. This book elucidates the creative and subjective sides of professional and academic writing, which are in fact quite similar to those of literary writing. In the interview material, students and researchers share their experiences of the difficulties and the joys of writing, as well as personal decisions they have made in the course of becoming creative writers in their fields. In the discussion, a conceptual repertoire is developed from the philosophy of education, theories of identity development and recognition, to transcend the common belief that writing is something we either can or cannot master. The book will be of use to those who help others to write, and a source of inspiration for those who struggle with their own writing. The author is director of the Academic Writing Centre at the University of Oslo Library and editorial director of the website Søk & Skriv (Search & Write). She holds a doctoral degree in the philosophy of education and has many years’ experience as a university lecturer, supervisor and professional academic writer."

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact