Open Access Books

Intracellular pathogens, such as bacteria and parasites, have evolved specialized mechanisms to survive and replicate in their host, leading to disorders and diseases. The principle of these mechanisms is to reprogram the microbicidal cell function in order to disable the host cells defence that aims to control and eliminate foreign invaders. Devoid of their defence, cells become permissive to pathogens invasion. The aim of this Research Topic is to highlight and cover recent understanding of mechanisms and molecules used by pathogens to interfere with the microbicidal function of cells. This Research Topic will focus on the reprogramming of the cellular dynamics, the immune response, the phagolysosome biogenesis and the signal transduction pathways bypathogens. Special attention will be made on non-proteic virulence factors, however this Research Topic is not restricted to non-proteic virulence factors.

This book examines the social processes that lead to the evolution of legal norms with global constitutional standing in contemporary society. It makes an important contribution to the sociology of constitutional law, post-legal national legal processes and human rights law. This title is also available as Open Access.

In 2011, carbohydrates provided 63% of the dietary energy intake to the world’s population. Historically, carbohydrate-rich diets have been associated with good health and longevity but there has been a move away from traditional carbohydrate-rich diets, with refined carbohydrate taking much criticism for contributing to non-communicable disease. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the appropriate use of environmentally sustainable carbohydrate-rich foods in the modern diet in developing and developed countries in the context of prevention and treatment of non-communicable disease.

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Issues relating to the gender schism and its effect on the career advancement of women in the Academy, especially in the field of STEM disciplines, deserve our attention and the efforts of all the scientific community to mitigate the gender gap. In order to embrace gender equality, recognize the career progression of women, and to celebrate the achievements of women in the field of bioorganic chemistry, we present contributions both from highly renowned female scientists and young female researchers who are in the early stages of their careers. This Special Issue includes fifteen manuscripts, including eleven high-quality research articles and four comprehensive review articles in the area of bioorganic chemistry, published from mid-2020 to early 2022. The scope of this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics at the organic chemistry–biology interface, including the synthesis and derivatization of natural compounds and their analogues, and the investigation of their biological activities in the human health field (for instance as antitumorals, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents), as well as their possible application in the crop protection field as agrochemicals. An example of nanoparticle-based biomaterial is also included. The techniques employed, besides organic synthesis, are in silico studies (docking procedures and molecular modeling), FT-IR spectroscopy, laser diffraction, PET, fluorescence, STD-NMR studies, enzymatic evaluation, experiments on cell lines and in vivo studies on mice.

Ce cahier examine le rôle de l’insolite dans l’écriture, la littérature française et étrangère, en privilégiant l’époque contemporaine. La fécondité de l’insolite au niveau du langage y est explorée ainsi que la permanence d’une poétique de l’écart. Caractéristique de la modernité, surtout depuis le surréalisme, l’insolite est connoté positivement, il ouvre sur l’exploration de l’inconnu.

Furcht vor Überfremdung, Angst vor Muslim:innen,"Arabern", "Türken", "Indianern", "Juden", "Chinesen", "Schleim" und vor anderen Dingen mehr beherrschen die Gedankenwelt eines jüngst verstorbenen Deutschen. Zugleich wendet er sich gegen spezielle Religionsgemeinschaften, insbesondere den Islam. Sein Tagebuch von 2000-2019 gibt Einblicke in eine sonst verborgene Gedanken-, Gefühls- und Traumwelt und damit in die Tiefenstruktur deutschsprachiger Gesellschaften. Eine kommentierte Analyse relevanter Einträge des Tagebuchs verdeutlicht zudem, was passiert, wenn mediale Informationsbrocken auf das tief eingewurzelte pathische Meinen eines mitteleuropäischen Mannes trifft. Rüdiger Lohlker ist seit 2003 Professor für Islamwissenschaften am Institut für Orientalistik der Universität Wien. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte sind moderner Islam (einschließlich Indonesien), islamische Ideengeschichte (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sufismus), Wissenschaftsgeschichte der islamischen Welt, Dschihadismus, islamische und arabische Welt im Internet.

Aortic dissection is a devastating disease in which a tear occurs in the inner layer of the aorta due to various pathological conditions, especially congenital. Blood rushes through the tear, causing the inner and middle layers of the aorta to rupture. If blood passes through the external aortic wall, the aorta ruptures and becomes fatal. Significant progress is being made in genetic studies for prevention. An emergency approach is often required and must be performed with a multidisciplinary approach to the patient's outcome. A multidisciplinary approach is usually essential in emergencies to ensure the best possible patient outcomes. This requires a team that includes a cardiac surgeon, vascular surgeon, radiologist, and anaesthetist experienced in echocardiography. Cerebral protection is essential in surgical and endovascular procedures. This book explores several aspects of aortic dissection and discusses recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.

Extreme Sea Level Rise (ESLR) refers to the significant elevation in ocean levels driven by climate change and other anthropogenic and geophysical factors. This phenomenon poses a substantial threat to coastal populations, particularly as climate change accelerates the rate of sea level rise. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change causes are essential to slowing ESLR and minimizing its impacts on coastal communities. However, achieving significant global reductions in GHG emissions is a complex, long-term endeavor. As a result, many coastal regions, and even some inland areas, will inevitably face the impacts of ESLR sooner or later, with certain areas being more vulnerable due to their land use and topography. Currently, numerous institutions have modelled ocean volume expansion at various geographical scales. This study aims to create geographically detailed datasets that depict the inland extent of ESLR impacts under future climate change conditions, focusing on the Atlantic coast of Europe and the Euro-Mediterranean basin. By integrating ESLR projections under IPCC 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, our estimates reveal that ESLR poses a significant threat to coastal populations. The study identifies that between 2050 and 2100, ESLR could affect areas where millions reside, emphasizing the urgent need for adaptive strategies to protect vulnerable populations and mitigate the adverse effects of rising sea levels.

The book aims to reconstruct and analyze the disputes over the Polish-Jewish past and memory in public debates in Poland between 1985 and 2012, from the discussions about Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah, Jan Błoński’s essay The Poor Poles Look at the Ghetto, Jan Tomasz Gross’ books Neighbours, Fear and Golden Harvest, to the controversies surrounding the premiere of Władysław Pasikowski’s The Aftermath. The analysis includes the course and dynamics of the debates and, most importantly, the panorama of opinions revealed in the process. It embraces the debates held across the entire spectrum of the national press. The selection of press was not limited by the level of circulation or a subjective opinion of their value. The main intention was to reconstruct the widest possible variety of opinions that were revealed during the debates. Broad symbolic elites participated in the debates: people who exercised control over publicly accessible knowledge, legitimacy of beliefs and the content of public discourse.

This Special Issue invites contributions that explore cutting-edge research in bioelectronics and wearable devices, particularly in works that push the boundaries in collecting physiological signals, which can be pivotal for health assessment and disease diagnosis. This publication aims to spotlight innovative developments that promise to revolutionize personalized healthcare through state-of-the-art technological integration.

This e-book is based on a critical evaluation of existing literature on salivary cortisol, aiming to evaluate the utility of salivary cortisol as a biomarker in various settings. It focuses on how different ways of evaluating levels of salivary cortisol may have an impact on the interpretation of cortisol measurements in various contexts. This e-book focuses on salivary cortisol in relation to the following topics: psychosocial work environment (effort reward imbalance and job demand vs control model), psychosocial resources (mastery, perceived control, sense of coherence), psychosocial risk factors (perceived stress, depression, vital exhaustion, burn-out), sleep quality, biological markers (bodily factors, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation and metabolism) and somatic outcome. This ebook should serve as a reference for studies planned to adopt cortisol as an assessment tool.

This book investigates and identifies novel therapeutic compounds for the treatment of a range of illnesses. Heterocyclic compounds are a significant class of substances with biological activity. Among them, quinazoline has attracted a lot of interest because of its important biological properties. Numerous compounds with quinazoline moiety have been shown to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. This book presents a comprehensive overview of quinazoline and its derivatives. The chapters address recent advances in the synthesis of several different heterocyclic compounds, the use of computational studies for finding new active quinazoline derivatives, the biological activities of quinazoline, and much more.

For the first time, an edited volume presents a major survey dedicated to Chinese reverse glass painting, tracing its history, its local and global diffusion, and its artistic and technical characteristics. Manufactured for export to Europe as well as for local consumption within China, the fragile artworks constitute a paramount part of Chinese visual culture and attest to the intensive cultural and artistic exchange between China and the West.