Open Access Books

Fondé en 1635, le Jardin des plantes a acquis, sous la direction de Buffon, une grande réputation. Contrairement à d’autres institutions monarchiques, il a non seulement survécu à la Révolution mais il y devint l’un des plus grands établissements scientifiques publics : le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, aujourd’hui encore en pleine activité. L’ouvrage retrace les stratégies scientifiques, administratives et politiques à l’origine de cette transformation dans laquelle l’agriculture et l’élevage aussi bien que la classification et les collections occupaient une grande place. Ceci montre l’importance qu’accordaient à l’histoire naturelle les dirigeants politiques de la France d’alors. Emma C. Spary démontre dans cet ouvrage que la permanence de l’institution tout autant que sa transformation, le maintien de son emprise spatiale aussi bien que son accroissement, la conservation des spécimens comme leur entrée dans les collections, résultent de l’action constante de ses acteurs. On voit comment ceux-ci, après avoir inséré leurs activités dans le système de relations hiérarchiques de l’Ancien Régime finissant, ont négocié ensuite une transformation des rapports - entre eux et avec l’extérieur -, en même temps qu’ils ont mis en scène une présentation de l’ordre de la Nature accordée à l’“utopie” républicaine d'une régénération naturelle et sociale. Mais le succès du Muséum apparaît aussi comme une conséquence de la rhétorique révolutionnaire utilisée par son personnel scientifique : celui-ci a pu suggérer que l’institution, en donnant le spectacle de l’ordre naturel, pouvait aider à forger un peuple républicain éduqué et policé. L’histoire naturelle se présentait ainsi comme une source indispensable de prospérité nationale et de vertu individuelle.

This reprint focuses on different techniques and strategies to obtain high-quality crystalline structures of biological macromolecules via X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation. Contributions cover various aspects ranging from the fundamentals of crystal growth of biomolecules with biomedical applications and materials science through to the biotechnological applications of crystals.

Obwohl der Stringansatz als Versuch einer nomologisch vereinheitlichten Erfassung aller Wechselwirkungen, inklusive der Gravitation, schon über drei Jahrzehnte existiert, sind die ihm zugrundeliegenden physikalischen Prinzipien noch völlig unklar; und es gibt nicht die geringste empirisch überprüfbare, quantitative Vorhersage. Ohne empirische Daten, die mit den etablierten Theorien - quantenfeldtheoretischem Standardmodell und Allgemeiner Relativitätstheorie - unvereinbar wären, liefert nur die konzeptionelle Inkompatibilität beider, gemeinsam mit der Vereinheitlichungsidee, eine Motivation für den Stringansatz. Mit diesem droht jedoch die Physik, unter konsequenter Weiterführung ihrer bisher erfolgreichen Strategien, den methodologischen Rahmen der empirischen Wissenschaften zu überschreiten.

This open access book simultaneously addresses both the segmenting and the egalitarian function of individual labour law, in almost all countries of the world, in some chapters following up from its origin to the present. Its socio-legal approach fills gaps for sociological, legal and historical research of regulatory social policy. Labour law is dealt with both in qualitative (theoretical, hermeneutic and historical) and in quantitative manner (with the leximetrics method developing new ways to measure generosity and coverage of law). This is a groundbreaking contribution to regulatory social policy research. By indicating the relevance and the mechanisms of legal segmentation for labour market segmentation, unequal opportunities and social stratification it provides evidence for the assumptions that social segmentation does not only stem from market forces, but also from the law itself. Even the rising impact of egalitarian law cannot fully cope with legal segmentation. The book chapters place particular emphasis on the development in countries of the Global South.

En la tarea de analizar las economías en términos físicos (que es lo que más directamente permite apreciar los enormes costes ambientales de la producción interna y de las exportaciones netas), este magnífico trabajo, muy claramente escrito, supone un gran avance no solo para Ecuador sino para toda Latinoamérica. María Cristina Vallejo fue pionera, hace quince años, en la investigación cuantificada del metabolismo social de la economía ecuatoriana en cuanto a los flujos de materiales. Con un gran salto adelante, empírico y metodológico, en este libro ella estudia los requerimientos energéticos a través de distintas aplicaciones de matrices insumo-producto. Este libro tiene gran relevancia para las políticas públicas y, al mismo tiempo, es un gran instrumento para la enseñanza de un tema central de nuestra época: el necesario uso de energía en la economía y también los distintos efectos negativos producidos.

All over the world, hysterectomy is the most commonly performed major gynecological procedure after cesarean section. With such a high prevalence, it is necessary to study as many aspects of this surgical intervention as possible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of hysterectomy.

Delineando os caminhos de uma etnografia da educação, este livro provoca os leitores a refletir sobre os processos de escolarização numa sociedade marcada pelo profundo desconhecimento dos mecanismos que cotidianamente se empregam para perpetuar a desigualdade social. O livro, fruto de uma aprimorada aplicação do conceito de etnografia em pesquisas educacionais, reúne trabalhos que desenham os conceitos e usos da etnografia como uma paradigma teórico-epistemológico nas pesquisas qualitativas.

Le présent ouvrage traite des problèmes complexes que soulève le verbe en tant que véhicule de l’aspect sémantique (situation aspect), et adopte un point de vue contrastif entre l’anglais et le russe, langue dont le système verbal est entièrement structuré par l’opposition perfectif - imperfectif. Il se donne pour objectif de livrer à un lectorat francophone les principales théories, anciennes et récentes, qui élaborent un calcul aspectuel, et montre en particulier les changements qui sont intervenus dans ce domaine : l¹accent est désormais mis sur la structure de l’événement (event structure) que transmet le verbe muni de ces rôles thématiques, et qui assure l’interfaçage avec la syntaxe phrastique. L’optique choisie aboutit à une vision résolument compositionnelle du lexique verbal.

The Edited Volume, Substance Abuse - New Compounds and New Problems , is a compilation of peer-reviewed and relevant research chapters that provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the field of substance abuse. The book comprises individual chapters written by various researchers and edited by an expert in the field. All chapters are independent, but are linked by a common research theme. This publication aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research efforts by international authors in neuroscience and to open up new avenues of research for future novel advances.

This is an Open Access book. In 2015, Industry 4.0 was announced with the rise of industrialization by the European Parliament, supporting policy, research, and infrastructure funding. In 2020, Industry 5.0 was launched as an evolution of Industry 4.0, towards societal and ecological values in a sustainable, human-centric, and resilient transition. In 2023, the IN4ACT research project team completed 4 years of research on the impact on these initiatives. Presentations reviewing the progress of management practices and economics led to conversations about what’s next. The unanticipated rise in late 2022 of Generative AI technologies (e.g. ChatGPT, DALL-E) sparked dialogues with an extended circle of researchers on impacts not considered in 2015 or in 2020. This collection of chapters reflects multiple perspectives on research findings to 2023, prospects for 2024, and considerations on ways the techno-economic industrial revolutions may be reshaped into desirable futures respecting social and ecological concerns.

Die deutsch-französischen Beziehungen im 20. Jahrhundert lassen sichnicht isoliert betrachten sie sind aufs engste mit dem übergeordnetenProblem der europäischen Sicherheit und den entsprechendenAllianzbildungen seit dem Ersten Weltkrieg verbunden. Die imvorliegenden Band vereinten Referate und Kommentare behandeln diedeutsch-französi-schen Beziehungen jedoch nicht nur alsaußenpolitisches Problem, sondern beziehen die Gesamtheit derpolitischen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Kontakte mit ein.Diploma-tiegeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird als Geschichteinter-nationaler Beziehungsgeflechte verstanden, die aufmultiar-chivalischer Forschung beruht.

The predicted climate change is likely to cause extreme storm events and, subsequently, catastrophic disasters, including soil erosion, debris and landslide formation, loss of life, etc. In the decade from 1976, natural disasters affected less than a billion lives. These numbers have surged in the last decade alone. It is said that natural disasters have affected over 3 billion lives, killed on average 750,000 people, and cost more than 600 billion US dollars. Of these numbers, a greater proportion are due to sediment-related disasters, and these numbers are an indication of the amount of work still to be done in the field of soil erosion, conservation, and landslides. Scientists, engineers, and planners are all under immense pressure to develop and improve existing scientific tools to model erosion and landslides and, in the process, better conserve the soil. Therefore, the purpose of this Special Issue is to improve our knowledge on the processes and mechanics of soil erosion and landslides. In turn, these will be crucial in developing the right tools and models for soil and water conservation, disaster mitigation, and early warning systems.

Published

In our culture, dominated by shallow rationality and reliance on the empirical, measur-able and demonstrable, the embodied, experiential and mental dimensions of design are supressed. Yet, there is an interest in the possibilities of neuroscience to reveal the roles of space, form, materiality, memory and imagery in our sensory experiences and mind. Neuroscience supports the mental objectives in design, which are in danger of being eliminated in the crudely rationalized, quantified and functionalized processes of de-sign. The task of architecture extends beyond its utilitarian purposes to the existential and mental sphere. Articulating lived existential space, architecture constitutes our sys-tem of externalized order, hierarchy, memory and meaning. Neuroscience will reveal how the external and internal, material and mental, utilitarian and poetic dimensions constitute an integrated existential experience. The interest in the mental dimensions of architecture will confirm the significance of intuition, empathy and imagination.

This book explores the relationship between technology and warfare, by examining how recent technological advancements have revolutionized the conduct of war. The work analyses contemporary conflicts, including the Syrian civil war, the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, and the ongoing war in Ukraine, but also by exploring future war scenarios and assessing the military capabilities of major powers. In doing so, the book highlights the dynamic and evolving nature of modern warfare. It goes beyond a simple examination of technological advancements, addressing the complexities of modern warfare, scrutinizing the strategies employed by states to adopt and develop military technologies, while emphasizing the importance of technology in shaping military planning, training, research, and innovation. The book provides a collection of timely contributions by leading scholars and practitioners in the military and security field. Furthermore, the contributors identify potential challenges and risks associated with the widespread adoption of technologies in warfare and propose recommendations for policymakers to address issues that relate to military planning and training, research and development, and resilience building. This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, technology studies, defence studies and International Relations. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.