Open Access Books

This book is an overview of the complex and multifaceted topic of natural disasters impact. Several possible approaches can be undertaken to assess economic, psychological, societal or environmental damage caused by natural disasters, aiming to reduce the effects of future events on the whole of these sectors. This book proposes a range of studies realized in different continents, showing various aspects from which natural disasters can be view, thus giving a measure of the complexity and multidisciplinary of the topic. It starts with a paper presenting a possible strategy to either avoid or reduce the vulnerability of concrete buildings during floods. Then, it continues with an insight into the communication during post-disaster emergency phase and with two chapters concerning the assessment of two different kinds of impact on people everyday life. The book ends with an analysis of the role of stakeholder participation in post-disaster reconstruction.

Systématiquement recommandée par les traités pédagogiques, l’observation des enfants se développe dès le milieu du xviiie siècle, dans le sillage des Lumières et de l’essor des sciences. Pères, mères, précepteurs et gouvernantes sont désormais exhortés à prendre la plume dans le cadre de leur mission éducative. Et ils ne sont pas les seuls. Enfants et jeunes gens se voient aussi fortement encouragés à tenir un journal, auquel on attribue de nombreuses vertus. Fondé sur l’analyse d’une centaine de journaux personnels conservés dans les archives de Suisse romande, le présent ouvrage retrace l’émergence de ces nouvelles pratiques d’écriture, issues d’une ère de renforcement de la cellule familiale, et remonte aux modèles qui leur ont donné naissance. Il questionne également la perception que les acteurs de l’éducation ont de leurs rôles respectifs. Cette écriture éducative traduit le nouveau regard porté sur l’enfant et sur son développement, ainsi que la pénétration des théories pédagogiques au sein des familles. Tout comme elle dévoile les dilemmes des parents, partagés entre fidélité aux principes prônés et impératifs sociaux. Incluant les jeunes scripteurs et scriptrices, elle permet de reconstituer l’expérience enfantine. On voit ainsi émerger l’enfant acteur de son éducation, fille ou garçon, qui au fil des pages revendique sa capacité à gérer, non seulement sa formation, mais sa propre existence.

It is evident that a multitude of lifestyle factors exert a considerable influence on the wellbeing of pregnant women and their foetuses. Of these factors, dietary behaviour is of particular significance. Despite the increased requirements for certain nutrients, such as iron and folic acid, during pregnancy, the fundamental principles of healthy eating remain consistent with those of the general population. A substantial body of research has established that an inadequate nutritional intake during pregnancy exerts a detrimental effect on perinatal outcomes, including complications during childbirth and suboptimal foetal development. Furthermore, this inadequate intake poses risks to the long-term health of the offspring. It is imperative to ensure an adequate intake of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals in order to satisfy the needs of both the mother and the foetus. The developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD) model hypothesises that the intrauterine environment can induce epigenetic modifications and alter gene expression patterns in the foetus. These alterations have the potential to render neonates and children susceptible to a range of diseases later in life. The formulation of national and international nutritional guidelines is meticulous, informed by robust evidence regarding the benefits of adequate nutrient consumption and the risks associated with deficiencies.

As the initial US observer, David Rawson participated in the 1993 Rwandan peace talks at Arusha, Tanzania. Later, he served as US ambassador to Rwanda during the last months of the doomed effort to make them hold. Despite the intervention of concerned states in establishing a peace process and the presence of an international mission, UNAMIR, the promise of the Arusha Peace Accords could not be realized. Instead, the downing of Rwandan president Habyarimana’s plane in April 1994 rekindled the civil war and opened the door to genocide. In Prelude to Genocide, Rawson draws on declassified documents and his own experiences to seek out what went wrong. How did the course of political negotiations in Arusha and party wrangling in Kigali, Rwanda, bring to naught a concentrated international effort to establish peace? And what lessons are there for other international humanitarian interventions? The result is a commanding blend of diplomatic history and analysis that is a milestone read on the Rwandan crisis and on what happens when conflict resolution and diplomacy fall short. Published in partnership with the ADST-DACOR Diplomats and Diplomacy Series.

Subject of the volume are the finds uncovered during the excavations of the ÖAI in the residential area „Phournoi“ of the ancient town of Lousoi in Northwest Arkadia. A short introduction to the architecture of the houses is followed by the presentation of the pottery and small finds in their chronological and functional context. This study results in important information concerning daily life, domestic culture and the economic background of the region mainly in the Hellenistic period.

The study of the origins and early years of the Fourth International acquires a special relevance when considering them as part of the process of construction and criticism of the organizational and political tools of the working class that continues to this day. From its origins, the Fourth International was marked by political disputes within the Communist International, by the first positions as the Left Opposition, by the persecution of Trotskyist sympathizers and by the assassination of Leon Trotsky. Thus, this book is based on the need and the importance of investigating the history of Socialist Internationals in the key of an international history of socialism, insofar as the local and regional expressions of this current can be comprehensively understood through comparative and transnational analysis. Trotskyists under Nazi terror. A history of the Fourth International during World War II, develops a historical analysis of the political perspective carried out by the Fourth International in Europe during World War II through the comparative study of the French, North American, Belgian and British sections. Taking as one of the central axes the resurgence of the discussion on the national question in Europe, it is observed how the crisis of the Fourth International did not begin with the debate on entryism in 1953 but ten years before, due to the difficulties of the organization to adapt to the new European scenario inaugurated in mid-1943 with the deposition of Benito Mussolini and the beginning of the "bourgeois-democratic counterrevolution" from the intervention of the United States during the last years of the war.

This book is a research monograph addressed to a wide range of academics interested in corporate short-term capital. The study shows the role of trade credit in the functioning of economic entities. It constitutes a comprehensive source of knowledge about the role of trade credit in the development of enterprises, as well as the impact of this form of finance on the development of economies. Apart from an extensive review of the theoretical aspects of the role of trade credit in the economy, the study discusses the importance of factors influencing trade credit behaviour. Trade credit, despite its versatility, has not yet been fully described, particularly with regard to the specificity of domestic markets. This study aggregates and supplements the existing sources. The monograph is of an international character, as it covers a substantial group of European countries. Therefore, it is likely to have international appeal. The findings may be of interest to those involved in finance management. Understanding the differences in receivables management resulting from the country specificity can contribute to a better understanding of business finance and its operational functions. This knowledge may support the effective management of receivables and liabilities, especially in companies operating on the global market.

A obra apresenta debates sobre temas que são prioridade do pensamento social e da prática em saúde do continente. Aborda, do ponto de vista da antropologia, práticas de saúde e estudos de significados do corpo. No campo da história, traz trabalhos importantes sobre a historiografia das enfermidades na América Latina.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Economic integration is one of the most typical forms of cooperation in the contemporary global economy and it would be difficult to find a country that would not be a member of at least one integration grouping. The investigation into this matter starts with the model laid out by Viner, a precursor of the analysis of the welfare effects of economic integration. He proposed concepts of trade creation and trade diversion as foundations for further, more comprehensive studies on the effects of trade agreements. Those studies, provided by, among others, Meade, Gehrels, Lipsey, Bhagwati and Richardson, demonstrated how modifications and different assumptions in theoretical studies influence the welfare effects of integration. Conclusions as to the latter issue, however, are not unambiguous. Despite abundant subject-matter literature, only a handful of available empirical analyses focus on concrete groupings and seek to evaluate membership in a trade agreement through the lenses of trade creation and trade diversion effects. The above is especially true of the second biggest integration grouping when it comes to trade volumes, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This publication seeks to provide an evaluation of the impact of NAFTA membership on the economy of Mexico, especially on the trade creation and trade diversion effects for this country. The publication seeks to validate two research hypotheses. The first of them argues that trade integration within the North American Free Trade Agreement is advantageous to the Mexican economy. The second one states that the scale of trade diversion effect for Mexico depends on the intensity of trade flows between NAFTA members prior to the conclusion of the Agreement.

This Special Issue is dedicated to transition-metal-containing bifunctional catalysts, their design, and catalytic applications. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions are highly demanded in modern chemical industry. Nanosized mono- and bimetallic particles as well as complexes of transition metals are well known as catalysts for many processes, such as hydrogenation, oxidation, deoxygenation, carbonylation, cross-coupling, etc. The search for novel supports is of high importance, and the optimization of catalysts’ morphology and functionalities is a constantly developing field. The Special Issue is focused on bifunctional catalysts, which is an emerging field of catalysis including a variety of systems: bimetallic, magnetically separable, inorganic (oxidic and carbonaceous), and polymeric systems.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) can cause end stage kidney disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Besides renal replacement therapy or renal transplantation, there are no other curative therapies. Renal insufficiency, severe pain due to hemorrhagic expansion of the cysts, or infections are the most common clinical presentations. Diagnosis of infected cysts can be quite challenging. In recent years, 18FDG-PET/CT has shown to be the most sensitive and accurate modality for the diagnosis of infected cysts. The majority of these infections respond to systemic antibiotic therapy, but in some cases, percutaneous drainage is indicated. In some cases, the volume of the native polycystic kidneys is so extensive that native nephrectomy is necessary to create enough space in the iliac fossa to allow the placement of a renal graft. Tolvaptan, a selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, can be used to reduce the speed of disease progression in selected patients. Trans-arterial embolization has shown to be safe and effective to downsize very large native kidneys and it can be beneficial for patients who are at high risk for surgery or who decline surgery. The aim of our chapter is to present the current literature on the best diagnostic tests for patients with suspected infected or hemorrhagic cysts, and the best treatment modalities for patients with symptomatic polycystic kidneys prior or after renal transplantation.

La notion de biopouvoir définie par Foucault comme le contrôle de la vie par une forme de pouvoir souvent (mais pas seulement) incarnée par l’État, a fait preuve de sa pertinence lors de la pandémie de COVID-19. Cet ouvrage analyse plus particulièrement les formes multiples du biopouvoir, les résistances et les adhésions qu’il peut susciter. Il tente de comprendre leur mise en œuvre dans la culture de l’écran telle que vécue par nos sociétés contemporaines. Littératures anglophones et productions télévisuelles, de Margaret Atwood à Don DeLillo, de Desperate Housewives à Westworld, côtoient ainsi des analyses des systèmes de gestion d’épidémie, de reconnaissance faciale, et des figures tutélaires de la fiction comme le monstre ou le zombie. Le livre permet de réfléchir aux formes du biopouvoir, dans ses manifestations corporelles, sociales, numériques, et culturelles, à la fois sous l’angle de la discipline et de la biopolitique.

Cada capítulo de esta Guía va precedido de una fotografía del tema aludido, seguida de asuntos administrativos del gobierno respectivo, si los hay; se clasifica por estados ordenados alfabéticamente. Asimismo, se enriquece con un índice onomástico, en el que cuando hubo certeza de que el nombre de pila y el apellido correspondían a la misma persona se integraron como unidad, pero, en los casos dudosos, los homónimos se citaron cuantas veces fue necesario.