Open Access Books

Exploring multilingualism as a complex, context-related, societal and individual phenomenon, this book centres around perspectives on how multiple languages are made (in)visible within educational settings in the Global North. The authors of each chapter compare and contrast findings across geographical contexts with the goal of understanding the facets of multilingualism that, on the one hand, conform across contexts, and on the other, diverge context-specifically. The chapters range from contributions with a focus on national/state planning for the development of sustainable multilingual and intercultural educational policies, to chapters that deal with multilingual practices and identities of students and student teachers as well as the consequences for language practices, strategies and policies in diversifying societies. This cross-contextual, comparative and interdisciplinary exploration of multilingualism will be of great interest to researchers, administrators, practitioners and students within the fields of multilingual education, sociolinguistics, youth culture and identity studies. The book is open access under a CC BY NC ND licence.

Ichthyology in Context (1500–1880) provides a broad spectre of early modern manifestations of human fascination with fish – “fish” understood in the early modern sense of the term, as aquatilia: all aquatic animals, including sea mammals and crustaceans. It addresses the period’s quickly growing knowledge about fish in its multiple, varied and rapidly changing interaction with culture. This topic is approached from various disciplines: history of science, cultural history, history of collections, historical ecology, art history, literary studies, and lexicology. Attention is given to the problematic questions of visual and textual representation of fish, and pre- and post-Linnean classification and taxonomy. This book also explores the transnational exchange of ichthyological knowledge and items in and outside Europe. Contributors: Cristina Brito, Tobias Bulang, João Paulo S. Cabral, Florike Egmond, Dorothee Fischer, Holger Funk, Dirk Geirnaert, Philippe Glardon, Justin R. Hanisch, Bernardo Jerosch Herold, Rob Lenders, Alan Moss, Doreen Mueller, Johannes Müller, Martien J.P. van Oijen, Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Anne M. Overduin-de Vries, Theodore W. Pietsch, Cynthia Pyle, Marlise Rijks, Paul J. Smith, Ronny Spaans, Robbert Striekwold, Melinda Susanto, Didi van Trijp, Sabina Tsapaeva, and Ching-Ling Wang.

Books and articles on instructional design in online learning abound but rarely do we get such a comprehensive picture of what instructional designers do, how they do it, and the problems they solve as their university changes. Power documents the emergence of an adapted instructional design model for transforming courses from single-mode to dual-mode instruction, making this designer’s log a unique contribution to the fi eld of online learning.

The object of this work will be a selected group of prepositions in English, Polish and Russian which can express spatial relationships? This study focuses on "everyday" usage of the languages in question.

This work asks questions on the relationship between innovative collective actors, such as the 'new social movements' and the political institutions of representative democracy starting from an underlying hypothesis: the idea that civil society is the main source of political legitimation of liberal democracy. More precisely, what this monograph reflects on is the capacity of the social movements to concretely test alternative forms of democracy. The aim of the contemporary movements is to augment the fundamental values of the "democratic revolution", namely the principles of freedom and equality. They constantly lead to conflict and social antagonism: indeed new conflicts and new antagonisms arise every time that the movements implement radical experiences of democracy in the multiple and different spheres of social life. Only by accepting and setting value by these alternative democratic practices and experiences – and this is the author of this work's thesis – may democratic ideals be revived in contemporary society.

Accelerated forms of criminal proceedings have become enormously important in many jurisdictions. But how do authorities achieve this acceleration in practice? The author illustrates this using the example of the Swiss criminal order procedure. On the basis of a file analysis, the formal and informal strategies are identified with which the police and the public prosecutor's office are able to construct the trap characteristics that make a quick conviction by order of summary punishment admissible.

The Printed Edition of the Special Issue "Organophosphorus Chemistry: A New Perspective" takes the reader on a journey through the chemistry of organophosphorus compounds. It contains seven original research articles and three reviews covering aspects of recent advances in the synthesis, transformation, and properties of P-compounds.

Escherichia coli is a mirror which could reflect grand themes of biology. By investigating this important microorganism, we find lessons about our relationship with microbes. As we stand on the brink of a new era of biology, understanding Escherichia coli becomes imperative. This book invites you to reconsider a microbe which co-exists with us from birth to death. Here, you will encounter Escherichia coli as a guardian, ally or enemy. In any case, the knowledge and perspectives mentioned in the book will further deepen your understanding of Escherichia coli . All the authors who have contributed to this book believe that readers can benefit from reading it.

Pragmatically, the same “utilitarian” vision underlying the ecosystem service paradigm seems to allow an easier understanding by large portions of society of the need to keep the ecosystems in an efficient ecological state, as shown by a series of case studies. Therefore, forms of conservation/biodiversity finance are illustrated, aimed at supporting ecosystem services, and scenarios of integration of the analysis and management of these services at the various levels of environmental planning and evaluation are presented.

In this work, a deeper understanding of the electrochemical oxidation at SOFC anodes was gained by the experimental characterization of patterned Ni anodes in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 atmosphere. By high resolution data analysis, the Line Specific Resistance attributed to charge transfer and its dependencies on gas composition, temperature and polarization voltage were identified. Furthermore, the comparison of the performance of patterned and cermet anodes was enabled using a transmission line model.

The manual collects, very enjoyable, a total of 50 colloquial phrases widely used in Spain, and for which my foreign students have repeatedly asked class.In this sense, it is a ‘agenda’ of contrasted use in the street, therefore very practical, and that can be in a valuable consultation manual for the user. It has the advantage that in addition to the usual index, according to the spelling of the aforementioned expression, it includes a second index in attention to the meaning of the phrase, so that if the user does not remember how the expression began, a situation that seems usual in the case of these.Phrases, you can look for it for "what the phrase means", which is, in reality, the practical use of this linguistic resource.This second index, which brings greater security to the user, makes this manual an original, useful and attractive publication for the reader. All phrases are accompanied by an explanation that includes its use in two sense, the context in which it is used, its possible confusion with literal use and some related words, as well as several practical and real examples. In the examples, former professors have been used, proper names of common person in Spain, including some hypocoristic (Pepe for José), for the ease with which they can be heard by the student, and with the intention of becoming familiar with them. In turn, to make a friendly and entertaining manual, exercises have been included as games of the type of letters, unite with arrows, wrap the correct expressions in an oval or decipher the phrase sought by their representation in a drawing.This also helps set the expressions in the user's memory.

« Les campagnes dans les évolutions sociales et politiques en Europe, des années 1830 à la fin des années 1920 : étude comparée de la France, de l'Allemagne, de l'Espagne et de l'Italie », nouvelle question mise au concours du Capes et de l'agrégation, impose de privilégier les aspects politiques et sociaux, en particulier les processus de politisation et les transformations sociales, relatifs à la place et au rôle des campagnes. Mais tandis que le « paysan » a fait l'objet d'articles de dictionnaire et de vastes enquêtes, il n'en est pas de même pour les campagnes. Bien souvent, elles sont définies par opposition à la ville. Aussi convient-il de s'interroger sur les notions d'« émancipation », de « modernisation », d'« intégration ». Toutefois pour comprendre la place complexe des campagnes dans les sociétés européennes, il importe aussi de s'attacher aux « espaces ruraux » et aux États-nations. Le présent ouvrage propose à la fois des synthèses chronologiques sur les campagnes européennes (1830-1848, 1914-1930), des mises au point thématiques (la politisation, la conflictuosité et les conflits, la jeunesse), des éclairages variés sur l'Italie, l'Espagne ou l'Allemagne, des approches problématisées (France) et historiographiques (Allemagne et Italie). Il comporte également une introduction présentant longuement la question et une solide bibliographie conçue comme un instrument de travail commode. Les auteurs entendent donner une approche plurielle des transformations que les campagnes ont connues au cours d'un siècle commençant en 1830, au moment où se met en place, souvent sans à-coup, un nouveau « système productif », et où se fait entendre le fracas des révolutions et des insurrections de 1830 en France et en Italie – ” nourrissant revendications libérales et nationales dans la Confédération germanique ” – et la « clameur » de la guerre civile en Espagne. La période étudiée se referme à la fin des années vingt, lorsque la menace des totalitarismes devient de plus en plus prégnante et au moment de la grande crise de 1929 dont l'onde de choc se fera sentir tantôt immédiatement, tantôt bien des années après en Europe.

Optical gas sensing is one of the fastest developing research areas in laser spectroscopy. Continuous development of new coherent light sources operating especially in the Mid-IR spectral band (QCL—Quantum Cascade Lasers, ICL—Interband Cascade Lasers, OPO—Optical Parametric Oscillator, DFG—Difference Frequency Generation, optical frequency combs, etc.) stimulates new, sophisticated methods and technological solutions in this area. The development of clever techniques in gas detection based on new mechanisms of sensing (photoacoustic, photothermal, dispersion, etc.) supported by advanced applied electronics and huge progress in signal processing allows us to introduce more sensitive, broader-band and miniaturized optical sensors. Additionally, the substantial development of fast and sensitive photodetectors in MIR and FIR is of great support to progress in gas sensing. Recent material and technological progress in the development of hollow-core optical fibers allowing low-loss transmission of light in both Near- and Mid-IR has opened a new route for obtaining the low-volume, long optical paths that are so strongly required in laser-based gas sensors, leading to the development of a novel branch of laser-based gas detectors. This Special Issue summarizes the most recent progress in the development of optical sensors utilizing novel materials and laser-based gas sensing techniques.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rarely out of the news or the public imagination. Images of red-eyed Terminators illustrate press accounts of incremental advances in medical diagnosis, facial recognition, natural language processing, and robotics. Such advances are transforming society through measurable impacts on people’s decisions and opportunities. Religion and Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction explores an emerging field with a religious studies approach, drawing on cultural and digital anthropological methods to demonstrate the entanglements of religion and AI, our imaginaries of these objects and our ideas about their utopian or dystopian futures. It addresses key topics, including the following: What AI is and is not. How religions are reacting to AI with examples of rejection, adoption, and adaptation. How established religions understand creation and place human-like AI within that. How overtly secular and even ‘new atheist’ groups understand AI as a tool for liberation from human evolution and religion. Religious visions of superintelligent AI. This engaging book is essential for anyone considering the relationship between religion, science and technology, and interested in the questions raised by transhumanism, posthumanism, and new religious movements. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under A creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The book Research on Melanoma: A Glimpse into Current Directions and Future Trends, is divided into sections to represent the most cutting-edge topics in melanoma from around the world. The emerging epigenetics of disease, novel therapeutics under development and the molecular signaling aberrations are explained in detail. Since there are a number of areas in which unknowns exist surrounding the complex development of melanoma and its response to therapy, this book illuminates and comprehensively discusses such aspects. It is relevant for teaching the novice researcher who wants to initiate projects in melanoma and the more senior researcher seeking to polish their existing knowledge in this area. Many chapters include visuals and illustrations designed to easily guide the reader through the ideas presented.