Open Access Books

L’année 1914 marque la rencontre entre l’avant-garde artistique et l’avant-garde militaire, deux champs qui n’ont cessé d’entrer en friction depuis le XIXe siècle, sans jamais s’identifier l’un à l’autre pour autant. En 1914, ces frottements sont tout particulièrement sensibles dans les relations entre les arts visuels et l’histoire, dans un moment où la crise de la conscience européenne se cristallise en catastrophe radicale. L’analyse des relations entre l’avant-garde artistique et la guerre, dans les limites de l’année 1914, permet de penser la situation intellectuelle et pratique de la création visuelle pendant les six premiers mois « ordinaires » de l’année, et de comprendre la nature des prises de conscience provoquées par la déclaration de guerre ainsi que par les premiers combats. Ce livre explore les strates de sens inscrites dans les œuvres et les objets, les orientations du goût et du marché, les pensées et les discours critiques et théoriques, afin de faire l’anatomie de ce qui s’est brisé dans les représentations occidentales dans ce temps court – mais essentiel – de l’histoire et de l’art du XXe siècle.

Neoliberalism, globalisation, and English language hegemony have contributed to the adoption of Western “travelling policies” in the Arab Gulf states, such as building knowledge-based economies and the implementation of English-medium instruction in schools and universities. In Qatar, as well as in other Arab Gulf states like the United Arab Emirates, this has led to ideologies of English-medium instruction and Arabic-medium instruction being in competition with each other. The result of these ideologies in Qatar has been several abrupt shifts between English-medium instruction and Arabic-medium instruction in language policies for government schools and the leading national university, and other broader efforts to preserve and promote the Arabic language. This chapter first provides an overview of the macro sociolinguistic situation and the roles, status, and functions of English in Qatar. It then describes the shifts between English-medium instruction and Arabic-medium instruction in language policies and implications for cultural and linguistic identities in Qatar. Finally, the chapter reflects on Qatar’s strong resistance to EMI among the Arab Gulf states and the future of English-medium instruction and Arabic-medium instruction in the country.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), or often referred to as Scleroderma (tight skin), is characterized by an exaggerated formation of collagen fibers in the skin, which leads to fibrosis. Accumulating evidence now points toward three pathological hallmarks that are implicated in Ssc, the order of which has yet to be determined: endothelial dysfunction, autoantibody formation, and activation of fibroblasts. This current book provides up-to-date information on the pathogenesis and clinical features of this severe syndrome. It is our hope that this book will aid both clinicians and researchers in dealing with patients with this clinical syndrome. In addition, we hope to shed more light on this rare and severely disabling syndrome, ultimately leading to better research and successful therapeutic targeting.

The book aims to develop some of the research themes explored by Stefano Maso throughout his career. It therefore brings together the many contributions of distinguished colleagues, friends, and students who had the pleasure of collaborating with him on numerous prestigious scientific initiatives. Contributions by Alberto Camerotto, Melania Cassan, Barbara Castellani, Elisabetta Cattanei, Riccardo Chiaradonna, Matteo Cosci, Franco Ferrari, Arianna Fermani, Jean-Baptiste Gourinat, Christoph Horn, Carlos Lévy, Iker Martínez Fernández, Francesca Masi, Giulia Mingucci, Pierre-Marie Morel, Carlo Natali, Paolo Pagani, Davide Spanio, Emidio Spinelli, Chiara Torre, Francesco Verde, Cristina Viano

People living in rural areas migrate to urban areas to secure better qualities of life, education, and health facilities and also because they believe that urban settings offer more livable conditions. These appealing features have led to rapid population growth in urban areas, which has resulted in problems that need to be solved through different urban planning and design approaches. In conjunction with this book, a supplemental resource, which both provides and proposes solutions based on innovative approaches to urbanization problems that emerge from urban agglomeration, has been created. This resource supplement shall also serve as a guide to future urban development efforts. In effect, this book will play an important role in compensating for the limited number of resource books on urbanization. This book is intended to be a reference source for scientists and students interested in the subject.

With the advent of the global digital economy and industrial upgrades, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is closely related to the socio-economic development of a country or region. From the evolution of agricultural and industrial societies to the current digital society, we can see that the human resources cultivated by vocational education have played a crucial role in these stages of development. Therefore, the implementation and sustainability of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has drawn the attention of education experts and governments worldwide. Research and exploration in this field are particularly important for preparing for new changes in TVET. At the same time, psychology theories based on vocational education, as an important branch of the discipline, should also receive attention. This is closely related to talent cultivation, formal vocational education, informal vocational education, career development, and career planning. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to explore the sustainability of vocational education and how vocational schools should respond to uncertainties in the post-pandemic era.

Au cœur des années 1990, un phénomène intriguant s'est produit : les médias, et singulièrement la télévision, habituellement sourds aux mobilisations « d'exclus », s'en sont subitement emparé, pour s'en détourner ensuite presque complètement. Quelques unes de ces protestations allaient rester dans les mémoires, comme le mouvement des sans-logis de la rue du Dragon à l'hiver 1994-1995, le mouvement des sans-papiers de Saint-Bernard à l'été 1996, le mouvement pétitionnaire contre la loi Debré sur l'immigration début 1997, ou encore le mouvement des chômeurs à l'hiver 1997-1998. À travers le cas des journaux télévisés, cet ouvrage retrace la manière dont les médias français ont rendu compte des mobilisations en faveur des « sans » : sans logement, sans papier, sans emploi. Il comble ce faisant un angle mort de la recherche sociologique française, en exposant ce qui se joue à l'interface du monde des médias et de celui des mouvements sociaux : à quelles conditions, et dans quelle mesure, les rencontres entre journalistes et porte-parole des groupes mobilisés sont-elles possibles ? comment ces causes sont-elles (re)traduites sous l'effet de leur médiatisation ? Il s'appuie pour ce faire sur un travail d'enquête fondé sur de l'exploitation de sources d'archives de l'INA et d'entretiens réalisés auprès des principales figures du mouvement des « sans » et des journalistes de TF1 et France 2. En confrontant plusieurs cas d'études, il propose de décrypter et restituer les contraintes, opportunités et raisons d'agir des acteurs, en les replaçant dans le cadre de mécanismes plus globaux par lesquels un emballement médiatique pour ces causes peut s'amorcer et durer, en raison des « affaires » ou des « controverses » auxquelles les mobilisations donnent lieu au sein de l'arène publique. Au-delà est mis en perspective l'impact des transformations contemporaines du référentiel de la « nouvelle question sociale », qui offrent des opportunités variables aux groupes cherchant à politiser « l'exclusion » via un usage offensif de la rhétorique des droits sociaux. Cette analyse montre la nécessité de relativiser la thèse, principalement nord-américaine, qui tend à réifier la position conservatrice des médias grand public, indifférents aux mobilisations contestataires hors-système, portées par des groupes qui seraient forcément handicapés par leur faibles ressources, leur radicalité politique ou la dimension contre-culturelle de leurs demandes.

What kind of university is possible when digital tools are not taken for granted, but hacked for a more experimental future?The global pandemic has underscored contemporary reliance on digital environments. This is particularly true among schools and universities, which, in response, shifted much of their instruction online. Because the rise of e-learning logics, ed-tech industries, and enterprise learning-management systems all threaten to further commodify and instrumentalize higher education, these technologies and platforms have to be creatively and critically struggled over. Studious Drift intervenes in this struggle by reviving the relationship between studying and the generative space of the studio in service of advancing educational experimentation for a world where digital tools have become a permanent part of education. Drawing on Alfred Jarry’s pataphysics, the “science of imaginary solutions,” this book reveals how the studio is a space-time machine capable of traveling beyond the limits of conventional online learning to redefine education as interdisciplinary, experimental, public study.

Continuum: Writings on Poetry as Artistic Practice reunites the most part of the essays and articles produced between 2007 and 2015 by poet and artist Alessandro De Francesco. It shows what De Francesco himself affirms at a point in the last text of the book: that an artist can also be a theorist, and that artistic practice and theoretical practice are difficult to distinguish in his work. This book is multilingual: each text was left in the language in which it was written. Therefore, it is predominantly in French, but Italian, English and German are also represented. In spite of poetry being at the center of Alessandro De Francesco’s interests as a thinker, the texts contained in this book are very heterogeneous: poetic statements, essays, scientific articles, lectures, interviews; and yet they also show a deep continuity. Continuum stands for the author’s uninterrupted commitment for poetry, for the numerous connections among the approached themes, and especially for the innovatory theoretical and political positions expressed here, from which all these writings originated.

Die Einengung haushaltsmäßiger Spielräume durch die Finanzverfassung ist eine Möglichkeit zur Begrenzung staatlichen Verhaltens. Mit den Methoden der konstitutionellen Wirtschaftstheorie, der Informationsökonomik und des Principal-Agent-Ansatzes wird ein allgemeiner theoretischer Rahmen entwickelt, der es ermöglicht, Verfassungsregeln ökonomisch zu analysieren und dabei Anreizstrukturen und Anreizmechanismen staatlicher Bereitstellung zu berücksichtigen. Die Leistungsfähigkeit einer Finanzverfassung im allgemeinen sowie einzelner fiskalischer Restriktionen werden damit untersucht. Frühere Beurteilungen verfassungsmäßiger Einnahmen- und Ausgabenbegrenzungen werden eingeordnet und verglichen.

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Artificial intelligence is often framed as a quest to replicate the human brain, promising frictionless cognition and a future of seamless automation. But what if this pervasive narrative obscures a deeper, more “errant” truth? Errant Intelligence challenges the prevailing biological and individualistic interpretations of machine learning, arguing instead for a radical understanding of machine intelligence. The book embraces the deviations, inconsistencies, and “errant behaviour” as fundamental to the discovery of new knowledge, moving beyond the illusion of mere optimisation. Drawing on media theory, cybernetics, and a unique psychoanalytic lens, it explores the “technological unconscious” of machine learning. It traces the historical roots of AI, from early automatons and the Turing machine to natural language processing and contemporary machine learning systems. Challenging the idea of an autonomous, self-generating AI, the book exposes the hidden labour, assumed logics, and inherent biases that animate its operation. It re-evaluates computational thinking, insisting on its inherently social, collective, and symbolic character, and revealing how language and logical paradoxes are not obstacles but constitutive forces that shape intelligent machines. Errant Intelligence offers a vital new framework for understanding the profound co-evolution of human and machine learning. It’s time to “unlearn” our assumptions and embrace the productive ambiguity and fallibility at the core of machine intelligence.

With an update of the recent progress in etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of caries, it may be said that the final defeat of dental caries is becoming possible soon. Based on the research in this area in recent decades, "Contemporary Approach to Dental Caries" contained the caries in general, the diagnosis of caries, caries control and prevention, the medical treatment of caries, dental caries in children and others such as secondary caries. This book provides the reader with a guide of progress on the study of dental caries. The book will appeal to dental students, educators, hygienists, therapists and dentists who wish to update their knowledge. It will make you feel reading is profitable and useful for your practice.

The Atlas aims to offer an empirically-situated view on the socio-spatial effects mediated by the digital platforms by adopting a critical and geographical data-centric approach. The objective is to provide a practical understanding of the consequences of the digital platform’s pervasiveness and its differential impacts on space and places: the (uneven) geography of the digital platforms. By employing maps, graphs and alternative cartographic representations we intend to make those socio-spatial relationships and impacts immediately visible and more understandable. The Atlas, therefore, offers food for critical reflection on the socio-spatial inequalities amplified by the platforms and on the potential use (eg. public value) of the platform’s spatial Big Data. The work combines Spatial Analysis, Social Network Analysis and Data Viz adding a further dimension, the spatial one, to the debate on the platform society.