Open Access Books

Le choix de textes de Georg Simmel, réunis dans ce livre, procède de la même curiosité éclectique qui a présidé à la réception de son œuvre en France, en mêlant des études de psychologie sociale, qui prolongent celles déjà traduites sur l'argent, la mode, le conflit ou la femme, et des essais portant sur des questions d'esthétique. Douze des treize études ici réunies ont en commun d'avoir été écrites entre 1906 et 1908, c'est-à-dire à une période où Simmel s'est déjà éloigné du néo-kantisme et développe, en dehors de toute visée systématique, les analyses sociologiques qui formeront, en 1908, la matière de son œuvre maîtresse : Sociologie. Études sur les formes de la socialisation. Dans ces essais, Simmel s'intéresse à des objets concrets, à des réalités de la vie quotidienne, telles que la vie de couple, la décoration de la maison, le désir qu’a tout individu de briller et de se parer. Cependant l’originalité et la profondeur des idées qu’exposent ces courts textes les tiennent à mille lieues de la littérature de circonstance. Qu’elles abordent le jeu d’une grande comédienne, comme la Duse, la théâtralité mensongère des ruelles vénitiennes ou les efforts de la peinture pour suggérer la troisième dimension, les réflexions de Simmel font toujours écho à la théorie philosophique : les concepts du néo-kantisme s’y retrouvent, sous une forme diffuse et adaptée aux besoins d’une conversation avec un lecteur cultivé mais pas nécessairement spécialisé. Dans l’essai plus tardif sur "La caricature", le changement des références philosophiques est patent : ce sont désormais les reflets d’une philosophie de la vie bergsonienne qui colorent l’analyse.

This Special Issue presents clinical research on advancements in individualized plastic reconstructive surgery and summarizes some of the latest developments and challenges in this field, maintaining an unwavering focus on individual patient needs. The scope of this Special Issue spans a range of clinical topics, including personalized esthetic surgery, autologous tissue transplantation, innovative biomaterials, and the integration of digital imaging for precise customization. This Special Issue also discusses the clinical applications of tissue engineering and innovations in flap surgery designed to elevate patient satisfaction.

On peut s’en étonner, mais la notion d’engagement, réservée de droit aux seuls écrivains, n’est jamais réellement associée aux pratiques de lecture, dont la transparence irait de soi. Une réflexion sur l’engagement des passeurs de textes apparaît d’autant plus nécessaire aujourd’hui que les rapports entre la littérature et le monde moderne ressemblent de plus en plus à des rapports d’exclusion. Les pratiques d’enseignement ont-elles pris acte de cette marginalisation ? Soucieux d’une spécificité littéraire particulièrement difficile à cerner, les programmes récents mettent toujours davantage l’accent sur les invariants du texte, mais restent discrets, sinon muets sur ce que Roland Barthes appelait la « responsabilité de la forme ». De nombreux professeurs débutants, à qui il reviendrait pourtant de sensibiliser les élèves à l’inscription des œuvres dans la vie de la cité, se sentent démunis et jugent prudent d’éluder la question du politique. Ce colloque fait l’hypothèse que le malaise dont ils témoignent est le lot de tout lecteur, qu’il soit engagé au titre de critique, écrivain, linguiste, traducteur, professeur, formateur d’enseignants. Les angles d’approche sont donc largement ouverts, et les réponses nécessairement variables, l’essentiel étant d’ouvrir un débat qui dépasse sans doute le seul domaine de la matière littéraire.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, emerges from intersecting genetic risk, environmental exposures, microbiota shifts, and mucosal immune dysregulation. This Reprint, "Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches (2nd Edition)," integrates 18 peer reviewed articles that connect mechanisms to practice. Mechanism guided targets include epithelial barrier injury, innate immune and pyroptosis pathways, bile acid signaling, and candidate genes such as SLC26A2 with diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. Microbiome aware care spans mucosa associated dysbiosis, oral fungi and herpesviruses as extra intestinal reservoirs, dietary signals such as coffee consumption, and emerging interventions from refined fecal microbiota transplantation to next generation probiotics. Model informed therapeutics evaluate route and dose optimization with physiologically based pharmacokinetics for infliximab, external validation of vedolizumab population pharmacokinetic models, pharmacogenetic markers of biologic response, and comparative effectiveness of subcutaneous versus intravenous IL 12/23 blockade. Patient centered outcomes and complications are addressed through evidence on postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease, extraintestinal manifestations including ocular involvement, and the role of acceptance and perceived control in health experience. A genetics study links IBD to related immune mediated diseases and identifies novel loci, sharpening paths to precision care.

La obra tiene como objetivo principal comprender cómo se naturaliza y se racionaliza una relación de actividad masculina y de pasividad femenina sin imponerse de manera violenta en una escena local de rock en Bogotá. La investigación reúne las nociones de juventud, género y música rock con el fin de pensar las relaciones de género a través de la atribución de roles y cualidades a los individuos, la existencia de jerarquías, la ocupación física del espacio y la representación de lo masculino y lo femenino en los discursos y prácticas individuales. Con un enfoque etnográfico, la metodología consistió en entrevistas a profundidad, observaciones participantes y análisis de discurso de letras de canciones. La obra final mezcla todas las fuentes primarias en un texto agradable a la lectura, sencillo en sus términos, que causa curiosidad por el lenguaje, las fotografías y la organización misma del documento. Se divide en cuatro capítulos principales más las conclusiones, división que presenta así la investigación: una introducción provocativa que da los primeros cuestionamientos, un primer capítulo teórico con la metodología y el problema de investigación, un segundo capítulo que presenta a la escena musical de Bogotá y a los protagonistas de la etnografía. El tercer capítulo analiza letras de canciones, el cuarto capítulo describe etnográficamente la escena y las conclusiones reúnen todo el documento y plantean la tensión entre la teoría y la investigación misma. La obra está dirigida especialmente a estudiantes y profesionales del área de las ciencias humanas pero también a un público interesado en la investigación social y en la música como un escenario de discusión.

Sleep is a fundamental physiological feature experienced by all known mammalian, and most non-mammalian, species. Underscoring its importance is the wide array of neural and cellular processes that have evolved to govern when and how it occurs, its duration, sequence of phases, and the influence it exerts on numerous other brain functions. This book takes up the growing prevalence of sleep disorders affecting these processes and the panorama of pharmaceutical tools that have evolved for their medical care. Its wide-ranging discussion promises not only recent updates on their clinical management but a contemporary window into sleep’s cross-cutting relevance for the many neurological dysfunctions now known to associate with sleep disturbances.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Scorzonera is a genus of perennial herbs and dwarf subshrubs widespread in the temperate and subtropical regions of Eurasia and N Africa. It comprises in its common wide sense some 180–190 species and is the largest and name-giving genus of the subtribe Scorzonerinae of the chicory tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Its circumscription has long been the subject of debate and available molecular phylogenetic analyses affirmed the polyphyly of Scorzonera in its wide sense. This paper presents a re-evaluation of Scorzonera and its related genera, based on carpological (including anatomical) and molecular phylogenetic analyses of a comprehensive sampling, for the first time spanning the entire subtribe and all major groups. Confirming the polyphyly of Scorzonera, this paper offers a revised classification of the subtribe, which recognises seven genera in accordance with the phylogenetic lineages resolved: Gelasia, Lipschitzia gen. nov., Pseudopodospermum, Pterachaenia, Ramaliella gen. nov., Scorzonera and Takhtajaniantha. A key to the revised genera and a characterisation of the genera and major clades are provided.

Human CD8+ T cells expressing NK receptors and receptors found on innate immune cells, and designated as NK-like or innate CD8+ T cells, have been long considered as terminally differentiated lymphocytes responsible for tissue inflammation and destruction. However, a growing body of knowledge is unveiling that NK-like CD8+ T cells have many, sometimes contrasting, functions. The limited knowledge of the biology of this type of CD8+ T cells and the role they play within peripheral tissues and organs under homeostatic conditions has hampered our understanding of disease and therefore the possible development of disease diagnostic tools and effective immunotherapies. In this Research Topic are presented a variety of topics and views, some of them overlooked for many years, on human NK-like CD8+ T cells, which may open new and novel avenues of research to further our understanding of these polyfunctional T cells.

Eating disorders are common and life-threatening. Their treatment has led to many problems that are difficult to resolve. What treatment should we offer people with very long-standing eating disorders (Severe and Enduring Eating Disorders, SEED)? When younger patients are referred, should they have priority over patients with a longer history who might be more challenging to treat? Is there ever a case, for example, when patients have been treated many times, possibly against their will, and not benefited, for discontinuing active treatment and adopting a palliative approach? Even posing the question can be controversial. When someone lives far from any clinic, or if a referral is made during a pandemic, is it reasonable to offer teletherapy using videoconferencing approaches? How should we approach the management of osteoporosis in eating disorders? Do hormones work? Are biphosphonate drugs appropriate and safe to use in anorexia nervosa? Is exercise useful in the treatment of binge eating disorder? What is mentalizing, and how is it relevant to people with eating disorders? Can bariatric surgery be used in people with obesity and eating disorders? How are obesity and eating disorders associated? This new book begins to unravel some of these knotty issues, which include medical, psychological and ethical/philosophical elements. The book will be of interest to clinicians in mental and physical health, faced with dilemmas in the management of patients and legal scholars and practitioners, attempting to unravel ethical issues which emerge during the treatment of eating disorders. People with eating disorders and their carers will also find helpful discussions of those dilemmas in their own lives. It is by no means the last word, as these problems continue to emerge and challenge professionals, patients and carers attempting to find solutions.

ArteletrA analyzes the Sixties in Latin America in order to revisit the core claim of literary and cultural studies to political relevancy in the contemporary world: the task of making visible the invisible. Though visibility can secure rights for the disenfranchised, it also risks subjecting them to the biopolitical and capitalist arrangements of space. What is at stake in this book is a series of aesthetic and ethical tools for engaging in politics—defined here as the potential to disagree—without first passing through visibility. These tools cohere around a practice Bartles calls “the politics of going unnoticed,” which he derives from an archive of three noteworthy, though under-appreciated, authors who wrote during the Sixties: Calvert Casey (1924–69), Juan Filloy (1894–2000), and Armonía Somers (1914–94). For the first time ever, Casey, Filloy, and Somers are put in dialogue with one another to further demonstrate the unique contributions of Latin American writers to contemporary debates about the crossroads of literatures and politics. What unites them is their shared investment in stories about those who go unnoticed. As a practice, going unnoticed creates space and opportunities for queer, rural, and female subjects, among others, to step back from unjust institutions. As a political discourse, going unnoticed deactivates the binary structures of biopolitics (e.g., visible/invisible, pure/filthy, friend/enemy) that divide humans from one another in the service of power and economic inequality. Though the politics of going unnoticed was ignored during the Sixties for its apparent individualism, these three writers work through alternatives to the politics of visibility that has animated political discourse on the left for the last half-century. More than a self-interested critique, going unnoticed opens new possibilities for engaging in the messy business of politics while imagining and creating better communities.

Corporate finance and product innovation in competitive markets offers a systemic and integrated perspective on modern business management, transcending traditional departmental silos to demonstrate how financial rigor and commercial agility coexist and reinforce one another. The book is structured around three distinct pillars that guide the reader from economic fundamentals to the organization’s strategic outlook. First, corporate finance is introduced as the common language of business success; here, investment and financing decisions are analyzed, along with the use of technical tools such as capital budgeting to maximize the firm’s value. Second, it addresses strategic product management, linking budgetary resources to the creation of comprehensive value propositions that encompass goods, services, and memorable experiences aimed at building customer loyalty. Finally, financial forecasting is examined as a bridge to the future; here, the analysis focuses on quantitative and qualitative methods that reduce uncertainty and equip managers with the ability to respond proactively to the volatility of the global environment. By combining academic rigor with a practical approach enriched by the calculation of financial ratios to assess financial health, this book serves as a guide for professionals, researchers, and students seeking to optimize the profitability, sustainability, and competitive positioning of their organizations in today’s market.

T-cell leukemia is relatively rare malignancy of thymocytes. There are around 20 entities and variants of this disease. Each of them has different characteristics, including pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis. Although T-cell leukemia is relatively rare malignancy, many types of T-cell leukemias still have a very poor prognosis due to rapid progression. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies is necessary to improve prognosis. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the disease from the basics of pathogenesis, epidemiology, morphology, and immunological features. This book also highlights the most recent achievements from basic and clinical researches including molecular mechanisms and novel therapies of T-cell leukemia.

La construction et l'aménagement de sites publics - en particulier les places et les parcs - participent à la constitution d'identités communes en s'inscrivant dans l'espace vécu et quotidien des groupes et des habitants. Les mobilités urbaines, comme la diversité des sites et de leur thématique, limitent cependant l'emprise univoque des lieux et amènent chacun à chercher sa place, de place en place... Lieux de vie mais aussi lieux d'histoire, de discours et d'énonciation, les places et les parcs se donnent à vivre, à voir et à analyser. Cet ouvrage, résultant de recherches menées par les équipes de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine (MSHA) en relation avec des universités québécoises, propose des lectures croisées sur les jeux de perspective, l'actualisation des contextes et les appropriations territoriales des places et parcs des villes québécoises, surtout Québec et Montréal. Ces lectures prennent un relief particulier en raison des questions identitaires du Québec mais sont largement transposables à l'ensemble des sites publics des villes en général.

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