Open Access Books

Both in Ethiopia and in the countries of East Africa, the continuing proliferation and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is now recognized as a serious problem, which needs to be addressed. While this situation has improved dramatically over the past 10 years, further progress has been hampered by the absence, hitherto, of a comprehensive IAS database for the region. Countries in the region have repeatedly expressed the need for such a database, as a tool to assist in the identification of naturalized and invasive alien plant species, and in understanding their impacts, both existing and potential, while also providing pointers on what can be done to manage such species. This information is seen as essential, not only in enabling countries to develop effective IAS management strategies, but also in helping them to meet their obligations under various international agreements and treaties, including Article 8 (h) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Target 9 of the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets. In providing such a database, this Guide is intended to give the countries of eastern Africa the information they require, in order to be able to develop effective strategies for combating the growing menace posed by invasive alien plants. It is further hoped that this Guide will foster increased regional collaboration, in responding to the challenges of managing shared invasive plant species. The Guide is based on the findings of extensive roadside surveys, carried out throughout the region, and on a review of the literature pertaining to naturalization and/or invasiveness among alien plants in eastern Africa. By this means, scores of exotic plant species were found to have escaped from cultivation, and to have established populations in the 'wild', to the detriment of natural resources and the millions of people in the region who depend on these resources. Included in the Guide are descriptions of roughly 200 exotic plant species which are either invasive already or which are deemed to have the potential to become invasive in the region. The profiled species include aquatic invasive plants or waterweeds (seven species); vines, creepers or climbers (20 species); terrestrial herbs, shrubs, and succulents (more than 30 species of each), and trees (more than 60 species). Also profiled in this Guide are many exotic plant species which, although their current distribution in the region may still be relatively localized, nevertheless have the potential to become considerably more widespread and problematic. The wide range of habitats and climatic conditions found within Ethiopia and across East Africa make the region as a whole particularly prone to invasions by a host of introduced plant species. Such invasions are being facilitated by increased land degradation, especially through overgrazing and deforestation, and also by climate change.

This book presents the lectures of the 14th Göttingen Workshop on Family Law, which took place on 13th November 2015 and was organized in cooperation with the Center for Medical Law of the University of Göttingen. It deals with the highly relevant problem of coercive medical treatment of a patient who rejects medical treatment and thereby endangers himself. The lectures published in this book analyze the problem for adult patients and for children and young patients from a legal perspective (Georg Dodegge, Isabell Götz), from the point of view of psychiatry (Andreas Heinz, Sabine Müller and Marc Allroggen, Jörg M. Fegert), of medical ethics (Alfred Simon), and from the perspective of human rights (Stefanie Schmahl).

This open access book offers a structured approach that aligns indicators of social value and provides a stable foundation amidst the dynamic and ever-changing social complexities. From detailed system scales of participation to an overview of how it works, this book presents a roadmap for automating data in systemic alignment with social value. With its adaptability to changing societal structures, it provides a pragmatic solution within existing systems while paving the way for future advancements. It is valuable for researchers and business leaders.

This volume is focused on the evaluation and identity of students. This second aspect has wanted to stimulate contributions related to the condition of our students, which is surely different now that some time ago not too distant. Also, an opportunity to accommodate and place, although it has only been partially, to the prominence and authentic participation of our and our students in their own learning processes and, of course, in the same institution in which important years are spending years of His vital trajectories as subjects, citizens and future professionals. For its part, the evaluation of students' learning, which is another really hot topics in any attempt to improve and transform the teaching and training of graduates, had to offer its own space to contributions such as those collected. They show, with nuances and understandable plurality, ideas, proposals and realities in a commitment, more and more insistent and founded, on the need to review and rebuild the philosophy of the evaluation, its criteria and procedures, pointing each time by a form of Assess and evaluate that it really is not only certifier, but also formative and authentic.

Neuroactive chemicals are the largest group of micropollutants present in European rivers. There is increasing concern about the behavioral effects of these neuroactive chemicals on aquatic wildlife, potentially resulting in detrimental effects on individual, population, and community levels of ecological organization. This Special Issue, titled “Behavioral Impairment in Aquatic Organisms Exposed to Neurotoxic Pollutants”, presents original research and review articles addressing behavioral impairment induced by different aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate species to neuroactive chemicals. The selected studies include different methodological approaches, such as multi-compartment, automated plug and play, and homemade setups systems. We believe that this collection provides essential information regarding research and challenges on the behavioral ecotoxicity of invertebrate and vertebrate aquatic organisms, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind these effects.

Escrito inteiramente em inglês, o presente livro foi concebido por especialistas em morfologia pertencentes à Central Brasileira de Estudos em Morfologia de Carrapatos (BCSTM) da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro (SP). O objetivo é esclarecer a morfo-histologia do carrapato, por meio de uma compilação de estudos sobre técnicas histológicas e histoquímicas; biologia, morfologia e taxonomia das principais espécies de carrapatos estudadas histologicamente; histologia de órgãos de carrapato, técnicas histológicas aplicadas para analisar os efeitos acaricidas em órgãos de carrapatos; e novas perspectivas sobre glândulas salivares de carrapatos para seleção de compostos com propriedades farmacológicas. Os capítulos são complementados por ilustrações.

The work is concerned with the reconstruction of the phonemes of Proto-Malayo-Javanic, the last proto-language which is directly continued by the Sundanese, Javanese, Malay, and Madurese.

Economic integration is definitely one of the most common forms of cooperation in the modern global economy – it would be difficult to indicate a country not belonging to at least one integration group. According to theory, such cooperation between countries should be followed by two effects: trade creation and diversion. The baseline study for this problem is the model provided by Viner, who was a precursor of analysis concerning welfare effects of economic integration. He was the one who proposed the concept of trade creation and trade diversion as a starting point for further, more complex studies on the effect of creating trade agreements. Viner implemented numerous limitations to his model, which on the one hand, enabled to avoid ambiguities arising in more detailed studies. On the other hand, however, the assumptions affect final conclusions, and therefore other researchers modify Viner’s assumptions and demonstrate how that determines theoretical integration effects. The dissertation topic was chosen because conclusions regarding profitability of integration are still inconclusive. The author has decided to conduct studies on NAFTA as, despite the existence of extensive literature containing research on the effects of economic integration, there are only few empirical analyses of specific groups in which attempts at identifying and evaluating membership in the trade agreement through the prism of creation and diversion effects were undertaken. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of membership in NAFTA on the Mexican economy, particularly on the country’s trade creation and diversion occurrence. This purpose distinguishes the dissertation from other studies on integration effects, since the majority of such studies involve either the theory or empirical analysis of the effects of integration in specific agreements. However, only in few studies, the differences in economic development are taken into consideration.

Lymphedema is a swelling caused by the abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the skin. Lymphedema can be caused by burns, injury, surgery, radiation therapy or cancer treatment that cancer survivors undergo. Risk of developing lymphedema is high especially in those with breast or prostate cancer. It is hereditary and can appear without warning at any time of life and is related to obesity and circulatory problems. If not treated, lymphedema can be painful and lead to life-threatening infections. This book will help physicians who deal with lymphedema. It will help you understand how the lymphatic system works, how lymphedema is diagnosed, how to cope with the challenges of lymphedema, how to find treatment, and how to deal with insurance issues. Novel Strategies in Lymphedema is for those with, or at risk of, developing lymphedema, and the healthcare professionals who care for them.

This thematic issue presents 11 scientific articles that are extremely useful for understanding the processes and phenomena of the interacting geospheres of the Earth. These processes have an important impact on the biosphere and many human activities. The results of scientific research presented in this book are fully united by the common theme "investigation of the fundamental foundations of the emergence, development, transformation, and interaction of hydroacoustic, hydrophysical and geophysical fields in the World Ocean." The book is recommended to a wide range of readers, as well as to specialists in the field of hydroacoustics, oceanology, and geophysics.

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The book embraces a wide spectrum of problems falling under the concepts of "Quantum optics" and "Laser experiments". These actively developing branches of physics are of great significance both for theoretical understanding of the quantum nature of optical phenomena and for practical applications. The book includes theoretical contributions devoted to such problems as providing a general approach to describe electromagnetic field states with correlation functions of different nature, nonclassical properties of some superpositions of field states in time-varying media, photon localization, mathematical apparatus that is necessary for field state reconstruction on the basis of restricted set of observables, and quantum electrodynamics processes in strong fields provided by pulsed laser beams. Experimental contributions are presented in chapters about some quantum optics processes in photonic crystals - media with spatially modulated dielectric properties - and chapters dealing with the formation of cloud of cold atoms in magneto optical trap. All chapters provide the necessary basic knowledge of the phenomena under discussion and well-explained mathematical calculations.

Depuis quarante ans, la Bibliothèque municipale de Rennes détenait un curieux manuscrit comme on disait au xixe siècle. Tellement curieux – et impressionnant d’ailleurs avec ses 1800 pages – , que cet ensemble formé des Cahiers d’écolier tenus par Edmond Vadot, secrétaire général de la mairie de Rennes de 1885 à 1909, était demeuré inédit. Et pourtant, il est bien question d’une histoire de la Ville, vue et vécue de l’intérieur par un observateur placé au croisement idéal pour en comprendre les ressorts. Pas moins de sept maires se succèdent dans cette chronique, faisant passerelle entre Edgar Le Bastard et Jean Janvier, ici réunis par un même désir de modernisation. On y perçoit aussi les effets très directs de l’affaire Dreyfus et les changements de majorités municipales qui en résultent, les relations souvent compliquées avec l’État à travers ses préfets, comme les tentations d’un fonctionnaire un peu trop entreprenant devant un pouvoir municipal incertain de lui-même. Mais c’est aussi à l’histoire d’une migration géographique et professionnelle, à une trajectoire sociale et à un itinéraire psychique qu’invite ce texte, déconcertant par son mode de composition, comme par son contenu. De fait, la vie de bureau laisse assez de loisirs, entre deux conversations, pour qu’à côté des portraits parfois acides et des délibérations municipales, l’esprit puisse divaguer. De la Bresse reconstruite par l’imaginaire aux plaisirs balnéaires des rivages de la Manche, des jalousies entre élus rennais aux aléas domestiques, en passant par l’expérience terrible de la guerre francoprussienne de 1870, la langueur et les doutes de la Belle Époque trouvent en Vadot un mémorialiste inattendu, aux confluences de l’extraordinaire et de la banalité. À l’apogée du scientisme bien des doutes subsistent en effet, auxquels savants, vulgarisateurs... et tables tournantes tentent de répondre à leur manière. II fallait donc plusieurs yeux pour lire ces Cahiers et plusieurs mains pour les commenter. Issue d’un travail collectif ayant associé des étudiants puis des enseignants-chercheurs, cette édition volontairement partielle illustre la complexité des jeux sociaux et des identités politiques alors en oeuvre.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Ce recueil de conférences dédié à la mémoire d’Yvette Conry aborde le problème du toucher sous l’angle – les angles, faudrait-il dire – de l’histoire des idées : philosophie et histoire des sciences y recoupent leurs trajectoires. Au départ du livre figurent Hippocrate et Aristote selon lesquels l’homme est, des êtres vivants, celui qui bénéficie du sens du toucher le plus subtil. L’Antiquité Tardive insiste sur l’aspect à la fois physiologique et moral, selon une perspective où le salut de l’homme entre en jeu. Condillac ensuite : le toucher est-il le principe unique susceptible de doter le sensualisme de la seule systématicité fondée en raison ? La conclusion est donnée par la phénoménologie et Merleau-Ponty, qui médite sur le « je ne réussis pas tout à fait à me toucher touchant ». Donc un recueil volontairement éclectique, qui balaie de quelques coups de projecteur le vaste champ du toucher et évoque quelques réponses.