Open Access Books

Une ville assiégée, une femme qui se rend dans le camp ennemi, jusque sous la tente du vainqueur, une épée qui s'abat, et cette tête sur les murs : voilà ce que la mémoire retient du face-à-face de Judith et Holopherne. Le récit semble donc clair, et le sens tout autant, car dans la Bible il n'y a pas de place pour le doute. Pourtant, quand les dieux se retirent et que le monde se réduit à sa dimension immanente, Judith se retrouve en étrange situation.

Flanqué de son lion, le chevalier Yvain parcourt les terres bretonnes pour conquérir et reconquérir la femme qu’il aime. Son parcours aventureux res­semble à un grand jeu dûment réglé et chronométré : il ne cesse de recevoir des échéances et de devoir obéir aux règles des rituels et des lois qui régissent l’univers arthurien. Cet apprentissage des codes et du temps semble fructueux : Yvain finira par respecter ses délais et, surtout, par intégrer les règles de la che­valerie : politesse courtoise, justice dans les armes, compassion pour les faibles, loyauté en amour. Le lion qui accompagne le héros devient alors son emblème: quelle meilleure incarnation de la noblesse que le roi des animaux ? Et pourtant, le lion est aussi une bête sanguinaire. Chrétien, faisant miroiter le symbole, nous rappelle son ambiguïté. Le lion impose sa force, tout comme les règles du jeu social ne tirent leur justification que parce quelles s’imposent elles-mêmes. On peut alors s’interroger sur le droit qui guide les actions d’Yvain : est-ce celui du plus juste, ou du plus fort ?

In crossed approaches, the themes developed in this book bring a new look at the forms, uses and stakes of artistic lexicography in modern times. In a perspective of circulation of concepts and practices, and permeability of the artistic borders, the word proves to be a precious laboratory of the practice of the artistic practice and a field of exploration of the cultural networks that cross and make Europe . Through the development of a language, books on art whose publications are growing in the north of the Alps from 1600, aim at the construction of a common knowledge for the use of painters and amateurs. Their many translations, published since the modern era, also testify to their role of diffusion agent in constant adaptation to the readership to which they are addressed. Understanding strategies and processes of invention and transfer of specific terminology to aesthetic expression becomes an important issue. Words, indeed, are not interchangeable. By succeeding or overlapping, even if they are contradictory, the different senses give thickness and subtlety to the concept. The journey of a notion into time and space also contributes to broadening our understanding of a cultural history between universality and identity within the artistic diversity that characterizes modern Europe.

This book explores translation of feminism in China through examining several Chinese translations of two typical feminist works: The Second Sex (TSS, Beauvoir 1949/1952) and The Vagina Monologues (TVM, Ensler 1998). TSS exposes the cultural construction of woman while TVM reveals the pervasiveness of sexual oppression toward women. The female body and female sexuality (including lesbian sexuality) constitute a challenge to the Chinese translators due to cultural differences and sexuality still being a sensitive topic in China. This book investigates from gender and feminist perspectives, how TSS and TVM have been translated and received in China, with special attention to how the translators meet the challenges. Since translation is the gateway to the reception of feminism, an examination of the translations should reveal the response to feminism of the translator as the first reader and gatekeeper, and how feminism is translated both ideologically and technically in China. The translators’ decisions are discussed within the social, historical, and political contexts. Translating Feminism in China discusses, among other issues: Feminist Translation: Practice, Theory, and Studies Translating the Female Body and Sexuality Translating Lesbianism Censorship, Sexuality, and Translation This book will be relevant to postgraduate students and researchers of translation studies. It will also interest academics interested in feminism, gender studies and Chinese literature and culture. Zhongli Yu is Assistant Professor of Translation Studies at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC).

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Die Südosteuropa-Studien werden von der in München ansässigen Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, der wichtigsten Wissenschaftsorganisation der Südosteuropa-Forschung im deutschsprachigen Raum, herausgegeben. Sie dienen der vertieften und interdisziplinären wissenschaftlichen Darstellung wichtiger Themen aus der Südosteuropa-Forschung. Auch Fragen zur aktuellen politischen und sozio-ökonomischen Entwicklung in der Region Südosteuropa werden aufgegriffen. Herausgeber der Einzelbände sind renommierte Repräsentanten der deutschen und internationalen Südosteuropa-Forschung.

Teoria e ricerca sull’apprendimento del tedesco L2 (Theory and research on learning German L2) is a technical-scientific manual designed for German language teaching courses in the context of training courses for future teachers. It offers an overview of the main theories and disciplines that deal with L2 language learning and teaching, describes the main research conducted on German L2 focusing on the particular case of guided learning for Italian speakers and, based on the results obtained from the research conducted so far, proposes a reflection focused on didactic. The volume is intended as a starting point for reflection also for teachers of German L2 already working in the schools as well as for researchers and scholars engaged in the study of language learning.

Jorge Eduardo Eielson (Lima 1924 - Milan 2006) and Mario Vargas Llosa (Arequipa, Peru, 1936; Winner of the Nobel prize in 2010) are certainly two 'exemplary Peruvians', as they have both started by digging into the history and social conflicts of their country, before opening up to global culture and reality with an interdisciplinary and intercultural spirit: Vargas Llosa did so using fiction, theatre, non-fiction and journalism; Eielson used poetry, the visual arts, non-fiction and journalism. The volume offers a rich itinerary starting from an interview with Vargas Llosa by José Miguel Oviedo (Florence, 2008), and then goes through individual aspects of the work by the two authors. It is then accompanied by photographic records and a DVD with an elaboration of Eielson's visual works, paintings and poems.

When we think of kinship, we usually think of ties between people based upon blood or marriage. But we also have other ways—nowadays called ‘performative’—of establishing kinship, or hinting at kinship: many Christians have, in addition to parents, godparents; members of a trade union may refer to each other as ‘brother’ or ‘sister’. Similar performative ties are even more common among the so-called ‘tribal’ peoples that anthropologists have studied and, especially in recent years, they have received considerable attention from scholars in this field. However, these scholars tend to argue that performative kinship in the Tribal World is semantically on a par with kinship established through procreation and marriage. Harold Scheffler, long-time Professor of Anthropology at Yale University, has argued, by contrast, that procreative ties are everywhere semantically central, i.e. focal, that they provide bases from which other kinship ties are extended. Most of the essays in this volume illustrate the validity of Scheffler’s position, though two contest it, and one exemplifies the soundness of a similarly universalistic stance in gender behaviour. This book will be of interest to everyone concerned with current controversy in kinship and gender studies, as well as those who would know what anthropologists have to say about human nature.

The here collected contributions relating to the 46th International Conference of the Representation Disciplines Teachers, organized jointly by Sapienza University of Rome, Roma Tre University, and San Raffaele Roma University, aim to offer the scientific community a reflection on the theoretical and methodological aspects related to the concept of èkphrasis, a term that, in the field of representation, concerns descriptive, analogical, and digital activities that generate new knowledge in several areas of application. The Conference aims to place at the center of the discussion an interpretation of the concept of research that, without neglecting an idea of study, protection, and enhancement of environmental and cultural heritage, focuses on the needs of contemporary society and its possible developments, making use of innovative theoretical, methodological, and operational activities, including those characterized by an interdisciplinary approach. According to this interpretation, research can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the definition and testing of experimental proposals aimed at exploring new areas of investigation: this opens up imaginative and utopian perspectives in the relationship between the sciences, the arts, and the disciplines that contribute to common goals, through the experimentation of methods, techniques, and languages for conceiving, prefiguring, designing, and representing.

Traditional dialects have been encroached upon by the increasing mobility of their speakers and by the onslaught of national languages in education and mass media. Typically, older dialects are “leveling” to become more like national languages. This is regrettable when the last articulate traces of a culture are lost, but it also promotes a complex dynamics of interaction as speakers shift from dialect to standard and to intermediate compromises between the two in their forms of speech. Varieties of speech thus live on in modern communities, where they still function to mark provenance, but increasingly cultural and social provenance as opposed to pure geography. They arise at times from the need to function throughout the different groups in society, but they also may have roots in immigrants’ speech, and just as certainly from the ineluctable dynamics of groups wishing to express their identity to themselves and to the world.

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Les organisations partisanes sont aujourd'hui affectées par des procédures mises au point dans le but de promouvoir une démocratie délibérative. Elles se trouvent disqualifiées et concurrencées dans leur rôle de production du bien commun et de définition d'une offre politique. En proclamant le déclin de leur représentativité et de leur ancrage social, divers agents se plaisent à caractériser un épuisement de l'encadrement partisan traditionnel et prétendent imposer des formes substitutives d'association à la prise de décision. Eux-mêmes saisis par l'impératif délibératif, les animateurs des partis politiques sont amenés à mettre en place de nouveaux outils centrés sur le débat contradictoire et argumenté ; ils estiment s'adapter ainsi à un contexte de « démocratisation » des modes d'organisation, d'individualisation du militantisme et d'émergence d'une « nouvelle » demande d'engagement. La définition des programmes et des orientations politiques, pendant les campagnes notamment, prend une dimension délibérative inédite en associant militants, adhérents et électeurs. L'objectif de l'ouvrage est d'analyser à la fois les partis dans la démocratie délibérative et la démocratie délibérative dans les partis. L'impératif délibératif, s'il est incorporé et devient un élément d'une rhétorique modernisatrice des partis, produit des effets limités et contrastés. Les contributions ici rassemblées en restituent les usages en les replaçant toujours dans le contexte d'organisations et de configurations données. Peu formalisés et rarement accordés aux principes stricts de la démocratie délibérative, les dispositifs mis en place sont souvent instrumentalisés par les dirigeants pour contourner des pratiques établies et renforcer leur pouvoir. Loin de se substituer aux outils de démocratie interne plus anciens, ils s'y superposent. Ils recomposent ainsi les modes d'organisation traditionnels des partis et contribuent dans le même temps à une redéfinition des répertoires militants. L'ouvrage s'adresse aux étudiants et chercheurs qui travaillent sur la représentation politique et sur les partis. Il peut également intéresser des lecteurs qui, engagés dans les métiers de l'action publique ou dans une activité politique, cherchent un moyen d'informer leur pratique ou de mettre leurs expériences en perspective.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. An exploration of how global pharmaceutical products are localized - of what happens when they become ‘glocal’ - this book examines the tensions that exist between a global pharmaceutical market and the locally bounded discourses and regulations encountered as markets are created for new drugs in particular contexts. Employing the case study of the emergence, representation and regulation of Viagra in the Swedish market, Glocal Pharma offers analyses of commercial material, medical discourses and legal documents to show how a Swedish, Viagra-consuming subject has been constructed in relation to the drug and how Viagra is imagined in relation to the Swedish man. Engaging with debates about pharmaceuticalization, the authors consider the ways in which new identities are created around drugs, the redefinition of health problems as sites of pharmaceutical treatment and changes in practices of governance to reflect the entrance of pharmaceuticals to the market. With attention to ‘local’ contexts, it reveals elements in the nexus of pharmaceutcalization that are receptive to cultural elements as new products become embedded in local markets. An empirically informed study of the the ways in which the presence of a drug can alter the concept of a disease and its treatment, understandings of who suffers from it and how to cure it - both locally and internationally - this book will appeal to scholars of sociology and science and technology studies with interests in globalization, pharmaceuticals, gender and the sociology of medicine.

Estimated prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have increased at an alarming rate over the past decade; current estimates stand as high as 1 in 110 persons in the population with a higher ratio of affected males to females. In addition to their emotional impact on the affected persons and their family members (in fact, the latter are often unrecognized unaffected “patients†themselves), the economic and social impacts of ASDs on society are staggering. Persons with ASDs will need interdisciplinary approaches to complex treatment and life planning, including, but not limited to, special education, speech and language therapy, vocational skills training and rehabilitation, social skills training and cognitive remediation, in addition to pharmacotherapy. The current book highlights some of the recent research on nosology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Additionally, the book touches on the implications of new research for treatment and genetic counseling. Importantly, because the field is advancing rapidly, no book can be considered the final word or finished product; thus, the availability of open access rapid publication is a mechanism that will help to assure that readers remain current and up-to-date.