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El objetivo de este libro es el de recuperar la historia de un añejo debate: el de la centralización y la descentralización de la educación básica y normal. Al mismo tiempo se propone analizar la federalización descentralizadora de nuestros días, a la luz de la desconcentración, la federalización centralizadora y la descentralización inconclusa que le antecedieron. Los fundadores del sistema educativo mexicano siempre sostuvieron la idea de "federalizar" la educación primaria, con el fin de equilibrar -u ocultar- las consecuencias centralizadoras de las políticas de expansión del sistema federal y las iniciativas federales encaminadas a uniformar y/o absorber los sistemas educativos locales; y sobre todo con la intención de doblegar la oposición de los gobiernos y los educadores de los estados a cualquier proyecto centralizador de la enseñanza.

Architecture

E. M. Forster first encountered Billy Budd in 1926. Some twenty years later, he embarked on a collaboration with Benjamin Britten and Eric Crozier, adapting Melville’s novella for the opera stage. The libretto they produced poignantly reaffirms the Forsterian creed of salvation through personal relationships. This study presents an extensive exploration of Forster’s involvement in the interpretation, transformation and re-creation of Melville’s text. It situates the story of the Handsome Sailor in the wider context of Forster’s literary oeuvre, his life, and his life writings. In detailed readings, Billy Budd becomes a lens through which the themes, patterns and leitmotifs of Forsterian thought and creative imagination are brought into focus. A close re-examination of the libretto sketches serves to shed new light on the collaborative process in which Melville’s story was changed to fit an archetypal array of plot and character types that is central to Forster’s own storytelling.

Alex Matson (1888–1972) is an important Finnish literary critic and essayist, whose literary reviews and collections of essays have made a vital contribution to the development of Finland's postwar literary generation. Born in Finland as the son of a sailor, Matson moved as a young child with his family to Hull in England, where he went to school. In the 1910s, he moved back to Finland, where he at first established himself as painter associated with the expressionist November Group, an important Finnish artistic movement at the time. In the interbellum, he moved from fine arts to literature. In the 1920s and 1930s, he published several novels, but more important was his work as transmitter of international literary ideas to Finland. Together with his first wife, Kersti Bergroth, he edited the literary journal Sininen kirja (""The Blue Book""; 1927–1930), which was inspired by the writings of John Middleton Murry and Katherine Mansfield. Sininen kirja is the most international literary journal in Finnish history to date and introduced Finland to the most significant modernist writers of the first half of the 20th century (Gottfried Benn, Jean Cocteau, Alfred Döblin, T. S. Eliot, Aldous Huxley, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Katherine Mansfield, Paul Valéry, Virginia Woolf). During the Second World War, Matson worked for the State Communications Agency, which was responsible for disseminating relevant information about Finland to other nations and for informing Finns of relevant developments abroad. It was also tasked with studying the prevailing mood among the population in Finland. In Matson's unpublished wartime diaries, one can see the first symptoms of a shift in Finnish culture away from Germany and towards Anglo-Saxon culture. From the 1940s onwards, Matson recommended new English and American novels as a part of his work as reader for Finnish publishing houses, and he also translated works by Joyce, Hemingway and Steinbeck. With the help of a network of international literary critics, Matson became acquainted with New Criticism, which he introduced to Finland before it became established among academic researchers. He was often critical of academic literary studies, but his seminal essay works Romaanitaide (""On the Prose Novel""; 1947), John Steinbeck (1948), Kaksi mestaria (""Two Masters"", on Tolstoy and Dostoevsky; 1950) as well as his impressive conversational skills were instrumental in introducing knowledge about the principles of the prose novel to several authors (including Väinö Linna, Lauri Viita, and Hannu Salama), and contributed to their views of literature. Matson emphasized the importance of reading and understanding high-quality literature for the wellbeing of society.

The monograph is devoted to alternative history and steampunk – two significant genres of fantasy literature which build novel worlds around the answer to the question "What would might happen if ...". The author discusses the poetics of both mentioned literary genres, and also subjects them to a multifaceted cultural analysis. Alternative history and steampunk novels are closely related to history, constituting a significant but subversive medium of cultural memory – the reader will thus find in the book an overview of the relationship between historical counterfactualism and its literary variation in alternative history novels. The following chapters are devoted to the discussion emerging from the analyzed novels regarding as the shape of cultural and national memory, the alternative history of literature, the alternative history of religion, the vision of (in) existing cities and metropolises, and counterfactual autobiography. The variety of applied research approaches and interdisciplinary, comparative and analytical character of the publication is signaled by the "archipelago" formula used in the subtitle.

Mittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Entwürfe einer vita religiosa sind auf den Fluchtpunkt christlicher Vollkommenheit ausgerichtet, doch bringt das gemeinsame Ziel der perfectio keineswegs einheitliche, sondern hochgradig divergierende Ansprüche an ein religiöses Leben mit sich. Insbesondere dort, wo das Streben nach perfectio die Erfüllung voneinander abweichender oder widersprüchlicher Erwartungen verlangt, treten religiöse Normenkonkurrenzen und -konflikte ebenso zu Tage wie Strategien zu ihrer Bewältigung. Orientiert an Unterscheidungen wie der von vita activa und vita contemplativa deckt der vorliegende Band spannungsvolle Konstellationen divergierender Ansprüche an ein religiöses Leben in der Vormoderne auf. Neben Beiträgen aus Geschichtswissenschaft und Theologie setzt er einen literaturwissenschaftlichen Schwerpunkt und berücksichtigt ein breites Spektrum diskursiver und erzählender Textsorten.

Le discrédit jeté sur les institutions devient aujourd’hui une nouvelle idéologie qui oublie de se soumettre elle-même à la critique. C’est le cas aussi pour l'institution ecclésiale, qui est durement contestée par beaucoup de ses membres. Ne convient-il pas, sans rien oublier, bien au contraire, des acquis récents de l’ecclésiologie et de la pratique ecclésiale, de repenser le fondement théologique de l’Église comme institution? Un historien, un évêque, un sociologue, un exégète, un ecclésiologue, un théologien tentent d’éclairer, chacun de leur point de vue, ce problème difficile mais essentiel pour l'Église d’aujourd'hui. Ce volume résulte d’une session théologique, tenue en 1978 à l'École des sciences philosophiques et religieuses des Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis.

Menschliche körperliche Bewegungen bedeuten etwas. Sie sind Zeichen, die auf andere Zeichen derselben Bewegungs-Sprache verweisen. Eine solche Einheit von Bewegung und Bedeutung ist in der Sportwissenschaft weitgehend unstrittig. Strittig ist, welche sachlichen und methodischen Konsequenzen das hat. Der vorliegende Band unterstellt, dass sich Bedeutungen in den Bewegungen bilden, und nicht in individuellen oder kollektiven Akteuren, die ihren Bewegungen erst noch Bedeutung verleihen. Aus der Sicht von Sportwissenschaft, Religionswissenschaft, Ingenieurwissenschaft und Ethnologie wird die Relevanz dieser Annahme erprobt. Der grundlegende, auch für den Einsatz in der Lehre geeignete Band ist ein Beitrag zur Schärfung der Rede von »Bewegungs-Kultur«.

This work makes several contributions to the process of estimating elevation maps from side-scan sonar data: A new estimation method that recreates sonar measurements by pre-computed known sonar responses (so called kernels) and then derives a height profile from the kernels used. Additionally, a 3D method based on Markov Random Fields and a side-scan sonar simulation environment for arbitraty 3D scenes featuring different sonar modes and several terrain generators have been developed.

For the late Goethe; questions of continuation; connection; and closure play a central role. It is not without reason that he repeatedly uses the formula »(To be continued).« to mark the incompleteness of his works and to raise the question of the continuity of literary and scientific texts. In ten essays; this volume addresses the question of Goethe’s poetics of continuation; which has so far been neglected in Goethe studies. In addition to the central connection between continuation and the form of the novel for the Wilhelm Meister complex; the volume examines the problem of continuation in the two parts of Faust; before finally considering the question of continuability of works in relation to serial publication and the material conditions of writing. With contributions by Michael Auer | Michael Bies | Sean Franzel | Eva Geulen | Ines Gries | Oliver Grill | Wolfgang Hottner | Anja Lemke | Helmut Müller-Sievers | Cornelia Ortlieb | Cornelia Zumbusch

Norwegian egalitarianism refers to the social, political, and cultural practices that promote equality, autonomy, and social justice in Norwegian society. This edited book critically explores the contradictions and paradoxes that challenge the notion of contemporary Norway as an egalitarian society. Through different vantage points, the chapters in this book address how Norwegian egalitarianism is both reproduced and undermined through different practices and institutions in Norwegian society. As such, the book explores the impact of key societal processes, such as globalization, liberalization, and immigration, and argue that Norwegian egalitarianism must be treated as a changing cultural and political phenomenon informed by both normative ideals and political realities. The book aims to encourage new debates about Norwegian egalitarianism, including its trajectories and usefulness as a concept for analyzing change and continuity in Norwegian society.

A cidade brasileira do período colonial aparece em tratados descritivos, relatos de viagem, pinturas, aquarelas e em poemas do Barroco e do Arcadismo. É no século XIX, entretanto, que passa a ser representada com frequência em textos literários e em pinturas de viajantes e artistas brasileiros. Com o advento da fotografia, a partir da descoberta de Daguèrre em 1839, multiplicam-se as representações de paisagens urbanas do Brasil nas imagens produzidas por fotógrafos como Revert Klumb, Augusto Stahl, Marc Ferrez e Militão Augusto de Azevedo. A literatura, a pintura e a fotografia são fontes documentais relevantes para a construção da história da cidade brasileira. É preciso, contudo, lembrar que a cidade na arte é sempre uma representação – expressão dos vários olhares que convergem para a mesma paisagem. Esta obra procura investigar e demonstrar o modo como a cidade brasileira está presente na literatura, na pintura e na fotografia durante o período colonial e nas décadas que precederam o advento da República, assim como destacar a importância da arte como registro histórico da cidade.

This book is the result of a Special Issue published in Applied Sciences entitled “Low Binder Concrete and Mortars". The main aim of this work is to highlight practical approaches that facilitate the production of low binder content concrete and mortar with an acceptable level of technical performance (e.g., mechanical and durability) and environmental impacts (e.g., ecotoxicological and global warming). Its contents are organized in the following sections: Developing Zero-Cement Binder; Ecotoxicological and Chemical Characteristics of the Non-conventional Materials Used to Replace Cement and Natural Aggregates; Reduce the Environmental Impacts and Resources Use of Binders; Modify the Characteristics of the Cement-Based Materials; Low Binder Concrete On-Site Application; Sustainable Cement-Based Materials in Road Engineering.

Robert Marteau est l’auteur d’une œuvre littéraire, poésie et proses, variée et foisonnante, expression d’une voix singulière et ample de ce début de siècle. Étonnant marcheur, Robert Marteau a réuni dans une œuvre, encore trop méconnue, une pensée discursive qui détermine des pans de réel très diversifiés. Robert Marteau est aussi traducteur de Shakespeare, de Chaucer, notamment, et ses choix de traducteur confortent son écriture de poète, à la fois érudite, cherchant à saisir les flux infimes de ce réel. Enfin, Robert Marteau a travaillé longtemps dans une galerie d’art et son intérêt pour la peinture ne s’est jamais démenti. Il est également l’auteur d’ouvrages critiques : Le Louvre entrouvert, Le Message de Paul Cézanne et d’articles variés parus dans la revue Esprit, articles révélateurs de sa grande curiosité et de sa grande culture. Ce volume d’articles et d’hommages vise à rendre compte de la diversité et de l’originalité d’une écriture de poète, à la fois contemplateur de son temps et nostalgique d’un âge d’or perdu, qui remonterait aux origines du langage. Différentes approches stylistiques, littéraires, sociologiques viennent éclairer cette œuvre. Un cahier central comprend des inédits du poète, quelques reproductions de papiers et tableaux de Jean-Louis Fauthoux, extraits de son exposition Accompagnements à l’œuvre de Robert Marteau, et des poèmes-hommages.