Open Access Books

The 1909 Companies Act was known as the “Transvaal Act”. After South Africa was established as a Union, each province had its own Companies Act. There is no indication that the 1909 Act was amended on provincial level. Later on, a new Act was written, namely the “1926 Companies Act”, and it was based upon the 1909 Act. Most South African textbooks cite only the 1926 and 1973 Companies Act, without any reference to the 1909 Act. This historic legislation is however relevant to fully understand the background to South African company law. Furthermore, the 1909 Act contains more than 26 definitions, such as: a special resolution, private company, debenture, director, share and prospectus. Most of these concepts are still relevant today, 110 years later.

Nombre de films contemporains – aux rangs desquels on compte aussi bien des « auteurs indépendants » que des réalisateurs de blockbusters – jouent sur la perméabilité des frontières entre la réalité et l’illusion en construisant des pièges perceptifs qu’il conviendrait de nommer des trompe-l’œil cinématographiques : un renversement des apparences révèle au spectateur que ce qu’il croyait relever de la réalité du film n’était qu’imaginaire ou fantasmatique, le produit d’un rêve ou d’une folie. Si le procédé est nouveau, ce n’est certes pas en ce que le leurre serait étranger à la tradition cinématographique : le cinéma américain regorge de personnages abusés. Ce classique renversement des apparences prendrait cependant une figure nouvelle en transposant sur le plan visuel cet enjeu narratif et en s’adressant désormais moins au personnage qu’au spectateur. Le film ne se contenterait plus d’être le récit d’une duperie ou d’un complot reposant sur la part d’ignorance à laquelle le héros, comme toute subjectivité, est condamné, mais il y aurait dans ces nouveaux trompe-l’œil comme une démonstration par l’effet qui implique notre rapport à l’image et à ses puissances. Le film, comme le texte, est selon le mot d’Umberto Eco une « machine présuppositionnelle » : sa mécanique inclut son sort interprétatif. Si tous les films reposent donc sur une stratégie qui implique d’anticiper les attentes du spectateur, les trompe-l’œil cinématographiques formulent plus explicitement que les autres sa place et ses croyances. Ils sont en cela analogues à un regard-caméra : le moment de la désillusion est celui où le film se tourne vers le spectateur et indique le lieu où il le situe. Ce que nous révèle un cinéma du trompe-l’œil, c’est d’abord la manière dont il nous voit. Ainsi, à rebours de leur apparence critique ou de leur volonté de divertir, ces films tiennent un discours fondé paradoxalement sur la valeur du réel. Conformément à l’effet pervers d’un doute insuffisamment radical, les trompe-l’œil cinématographiques ne dessinent plus des mondes imaginaires qui s’opposent à la réalité et conduisent à sa réévaluation, mais fondent au contraire leurs mondes fictionnels sur l’autorité du réel qu’ils désignent tout à la fois comme idéal et comme norme.

The U.S. Department of Defense is considering a change in policy to allow transgender military personnel to serve openly. A RAND study examined the health care needs of transgender personnel, the costs of gender transition–related care, and the potential readiness implications of a policy change. The experiences of foreign militaries that permit transgender service members to serve openly also point to some best practices for U.S. policymakers.

The Complete Poetry of Du Fu presents a complete scholarly translation of Chinese literature alongside the original text in a critical edition. The English translation is more scholarly than vernacular Chinese translations, and it is compelled to address problems that even the best traditional commentaries overlook.The main body of the text is a facing page translation and critical edition of the earliest Song editions and other sources. For convenience the translations are arranged following the sequence in Qiu Zhao’an’s Du shi xiangzhu (although Qiu’s text is not followed). Basic footnotes are included when the translation needs clarification or supplement. Endnotes provide sources, textual notes, and a limited discussion of problem passages. A supplement references commonly used allusions, their sources, and where they can be found in the translation.Scholars know that there is scarcely a Du Fu poem whose interpretation is uncontested. The scholar may use this as a baseline to agree or disagree. Other readers can feel confident that this is a credible reading of the text within the tradition. A reader with a basic understanding of the language of Chinese poetry can use this to facilitate reading Du Fu, which can present problems for even the most learned reader.

This open access edited volume critically examines a coherence building opportunity between Climate Change Adaptation, the Sustainable Development Goals and Disaster Risk Reduction agendas through presenting best practice approaches, and supporting Irish and international case studies. The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted existing global inequalities and demonstrated the scope and scale of cascading socio-ecological impacts. The impacts of climate change on our global communities will likely dwarf the disruption brought on by the pandemic, and moreover, these impacts will be more diffuse and pervasive over a longer timeframe. This edited volume considers opportunities to address global challenges in the context of developing resilience as an integrated development continuum instead of through independent and siloed agendas.

Consumers, producers, stakeholders, governmental regulatory agencies and NGOs are becoming increasingly concerned with the conditions in which aquatic organisms are reared worldwide. High demand for fish for human consumption represents a challenge that has to be fulfilled by an ever-growing aquaculture production. In this scenario, animal care over the entire life and production cycle must be guaranteed while avoiding significant economic losses. As a result, research is needed to maximize yields and minimize adverse outcomes by optimizing rearing conditions while keeping in mind the welfare of cultured fish. In this Research Topic we will focus on relevant aspects related to fish response to both biotic and abiotic stressors as a means of improving their welfare, integrating both physiological and behavioral responses. In fish the adaptive responses to rearing may differ depending on several factors, including the characteristics of the stimuli and the intrinsic properties of the species or the selected line. If complete adaptation is missing, the application of single or multiple stimuli may result in a stress response. Stress responses have been linked to systemic adjustments which negatively impacts the immune system of fish, as well as their growth and reproductive performance. Therefore, one of the main interests of this Topic is to understand the allostatic responses of aquatic organisms to several stimuli/ factors that may be present during rearing. An additional focus of this Topic will be on conditions that may improve fish welfare by decreasing the stress response, such as implementing adequate swimming conditions. The focus of the Topic is to contribute to our present knowledge to better understand the physiological response of aquatic organisms, which is central to improving aquaculture practices. Emphasis will be placed on potentially existing interactions between physiological and endocrine pathways to build an overall stress response. Another aspect that will be considered in this Topic is how intraspecific variability may affect the stress response.

Originally published in 1986. The ghastly fate of a drowned man brought to a lake's surface in Wordsworth's "Prelude" typifies a fundamental pattern in Romantic writing, argues Cynthia Chase. Disfiguration involves not only a departure from representation but a disruption of the logic of figure or form, a decomposition of the figures composing the text. Ultimately it manifests the conflict between a work's meaning and its mode of performance. By means of an intense engagement with texts in the romantic tradition, Decomposing Figures rearticulates and recasts crucial concepts in recent literary theory, including the notion of the self-referential or self-reflexive nature of the literary work. Chase's readings show that, far from implying a privileged status, the work's self-reflexive structure entails its opacity, its inability to read itself, and the necessity of its decomposition.

Unanimement considéré comme l'astronome le plus influent de l'entre-deux-guerres, Arthur S. Eddington (1882-1944) participa aux premières confirmations expérimentales de la théorie de la relativité d'Einstein. On sait moins que son rôle fut décisif pour l’émergence des premiers modèles d’univers en expansion, à l’origine de la théorie du Big Bang. Acteur et témoin des principales révolutions scientifiques du XXe siècle que furent la théorie de la relativité et la mécanique quantique, Arthur Eddington a aussi investi le champ épistémologique par plusieurs ouvrages majeurs, et fut un philosophe de la physique parmi les plus lus de son temps.Explorant l’intégralité des œuvres du physicien ainsi que de nombreux documents inédits, Florian Laguens dresse à travers cette étude un portrait riche et précis de la philosophie d’Eddington. Se déploie peu à peu une conception stimulante de la nature et de la portée de la science physique, parfois déroutante mais non sans cohérence, à condition de la reconduire à ses intuitions originaires. Au fil du texte se noue un dialogue à trois niveaux : d’abord entre les œuvres mêmes d’Eddington, de sorte à manifester les grandes phases de sa réflexion sur la signification du monde physique. Ensuite, entre les composantes de la vie d’Eddington, à la fois scientifique, philosophique et religieuse. Finalement, avec trois inspirateurs : Bertrand Russell, Emmanuel Kant et René Descartes.Eddington révèle ainsi la profondeur de ses intuitions, l’originalité de sa démarche et l’actualité de sa pensée.Préface de Michel Bitbol

Gas turbine engines will still represent a key technology in the next 20-year energy scenarios, either in stand-alone applications or in combination with other power generation equipment. This book intends in fact to provide an updated picture as well as a perspective vision of some of the major improvements that characterize the gas turbine technology in different applications, from marine and aircraft propulsion to industrial and stationary power generation. Therefore, the target audience for it involves design, analyst, materials and maintenance engineers. Also manufacturers, researchers and scientists will benefit from the timely and accurate information provided in this volume. The book is organized into five main sections including 21 chapters overall: (I) Aero and Marine Gas Turbines, (II) Gas Turbine Systems, (III) Heat Transfer, (IV) Combustion and (V) Materials and Fabrication.

A clear introduction to Hannah Arendt and a new interpretation of her work, this book shows how her reconceptualizations of political theory shed new light on the past and present of American politics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

TikTok is one of the world’s most popular digital platforms. Although it may seem unusual at first, many jazz musicians have large followings on this short-form video platform. Benjamin Burkhart examines how popular jazz musicians use TikTok and how jazz is represented on the platform. He investigates how the musicians deal with the platform’s affordances, tailor their content to the short-form video format, and interact with the platform’s algorithmic system. The study also examines the musicians’ expectations regarding TikTok users’ actions, and reveals which jazz-related content achieves the greatest visibility on the platform. Through interviews with popular content creators, the study shows that the socio-technical interaction between musicians and the platform leads to a very specific representation of jazz on TikTok.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

actions, aesthetics, Argentine tango, awareness, dance studies, enactivism, eros, Falk Heinrich, freedom, grace, movements, performance studies, performative beauty, phenomenology, poiesis, social dancing, somaesthetics

Published

Drawing on the findings of a series of empirical studies undertaken with boards of directors and CEOs in the United States, this groundbreaking book develops a new paradigm to provide a structured analysis of ethical healthcare governance. Governance Ethics in Healthcare Organizations begins by presenting a clear framework for ethical analysis, designed around basic features of ethics – who we are, how we function, and what we do – before discussing the paradigm in relation to clinical, organizational and professional ethics. It goes on to apply this framework in areas that are pivotal for effective governance in healthcare: oversight structures for trustees and executives, community benefit, community health, patient care, patient safety and conflicted collaborative arrangements. This book is an important read for all those interested in healthcare management, corporate governance and healthcare ethics, including academics, students and practitioners.