Open Access Books

A state should not be forced to fund those parties which try to combat its highest values. This thought was realized by a constitutional amendment to exclude parties from the state party financing. A defensive democracy is in narrow limits allowed to discriminate against certain political parties which try to overthrow its fundamental values to implement their own unconstitutional agenda. But the major intervention in the political competition though raises questions about its constitutional admissibility. The democracy itself basically precludes state interventions in the political competition to the detriment of a certain contestant. Those questions and the consequences for a thereby affected party are the main subject of this thesis.

The aim of this article is to examine Duns Scotus’ account of divine omnipotence. I shall firstly consider his doctrine of the objective possible and the distinction between logical potency and metaphysical potency. Secondly, by drawing on Scotus’ main texts on divine omnipotence (especially the Quodlibet VII), I will argue that, in his view, God’s omnipotence is not demonstrable, but at the same time is not an irrational concept, as Aristotle and many Medieval philosophi claimed. Finally, I shall discuss the connection between Scotus’ theory of being and that of the superiority of the will over the intellect.

Este valioso livro analisa cuidadosamente a evolução conceitual que orientou os movimentos antimanicomiais no Brasil nas décadas de 70/80. Nele, o leitor terá acesso a informações preciosas dos bastidores desta luta, as movimentações internas, tensões, divergências das diretrizes que marcaram a história destes movimentos. Este estudo mostra que refletir sobre o passado é um exercício para aconstrução do futuro.

In recent decades, it has become clear that psychological states are an integral part of health, as they can contribute to the onset of disease and/or influence recovery processes. Mental health, in this sense, is a vital component of human development; it includes subjective well-being, recognition of cognitive and emotional abilities, and is revealed as a source of psychosocial possibilities for coping with everyday life and its vicissitudes, differing from mental disorders, by which it is often dangerously supplanted.

The publication presents a critical view on various institutions of electoral law and their functioning in the context of the 2018-2020 elections and the accompanying changes to the law, as well as the situation caused by the pandemic and the problems resulting from the organization of the free elections in extraordinary conditions. The authors analyse classic electoral law issues such as the principles of electoral law (the principle of free elections in particular), citizens’ electoral rights, electoral bodies, the election process, the election campaign, election control, or legislative silence. Many texts, whose authors are young researchers in constitutional law from different academic centres, contain the assessment of legal regulations in force in Poland in accordance with international standards, especially those set by the Council of Europe, as well as the de lege ferenda demands, which aim at improving existing electoral procedures and ensuring that the elections to representative bodies are fully democratic.

Le processus de Barcelone définit un horizon de politique méditerranéenne pour les différents acteurs étatiques ou non étatiques, publics ou civils, qui agissent sur la scène régionale. S'il encourage parfois à des vues et des actions communes, il contribue aussi à la diversification et au développement des stratégies particulières : certains États y voient une opportunité pour confirmer leur statut de puissance régionale, les collectivités locales s'en servent comme d'un terrain d'expansion ...

Published

This volume, theatrical studies: new perspectives and comparative visions, aimssame. To do this, the volume includes twenty -one visions of young researchers in theatrical studies accompanied by three articles of researchers already established in the field.

Au fil des siècles, le théâtre a subi plusieurs transformations : formelles, esthétiques et techniques. Le jeu d’acteur, l’arrangement de la scène et l’aménagement de la salle de spectacle ont aussi évolué. Les dramaturges et les comédiens se sont investis dans la recherche de la meilleure forme d’expression, visant à influer le mieux sur le public. Dans différents pays européens, ces évolutions se manifestèrent de différentes manières et intensités, selon la spécificité culturelle, politique et sociale locale. Les contributeurs du présent ouvrage essaient de retracer certaines de ces (r)évolutions théâtrales qui ont eu lieu en Europe à travers les siècles. Leurs textes offrent une vue panoramique sur cette thématique, invitant les lecteurs à explorer les aspects parfois un peu moins connus de l’histoire du théâtre.

The outline of modern investments theory One way to grow wealth is by investing in financial markets. This approach offers the potential for higher returns compared to traditional savings, enables portfolio diversification, which often helps to reduce risk, and protects against inflation. The primary measures characterizing investments are the rate of return and risk. Investment decisions require precise measurement of these factors. The first chapter presents various types of rates of return, the relationships between them, and some methods of risk measurement. The second chapter is dedicated to the theory of investment portfolios. It demonstrates how to construct portfolios that consider an investor’s expectations regarding return and risk. Special emphasis is placed on the geometric interpretations of the results. These interpretations illustrate the relationships between the studied variables, show the properties and construction methods of solution sets, and facilitate result interpretation. The third chapter introduces various financial market models, including the single‐index model, CAPM and its modifications, APT, and the Black–Litterman Model. These theories assume that the investor’s goal is to maximize the expected utility of the investment, which can be measured using the mean and variance of the rate of return. This chapter also discusses some alternative criteria for constructing investment portfolios. The outcome of each investment should be verified against its intended objectives. Various indicators, presented at the end of this book, serve this purpose.

This open access book analyses intellectual property codification and innovation governance in the development of six key industries in India and China. These industries are reflective of the innovation and economic development of the two economies, or of vital importance to them: the IT Industry; the film industry; the pharmaceutical industry; plant varieties and food security; the automobile industry; and peer production and the sharing economy. The analysis extends beyond the domain of IP law, and includes economics and policy analysis. The overarching concern that cuts through all chapters is an inquiry into why certain industries have developed in one country and not in the other, including: the role that state innovation policy and/or IP policy played in such development; the nature of the state innovation policy/IP policy; and whether such policy has been causal, facilitating, crippling, co-relational, or simply irrelevant. The book asks what India and China can learn from each other, and whether there is any possibility of synergy. The book provides a real-life understanding of how IP laws interact with innovation and economic development in the six selected economic sectors in China and India. The reader can also draw lessons from the success or failure of these sectors.

In the educational field, a deep methodological renewal is being carried out in the processes related to teacher training. These changes are being endorsed by multiple educational innovation projects.Here are experiences of educational innovation in the teaching field whose results have contributed to increase the quality of processes and results.

Une bonne part de l’activité propre au critique littéraire consiste à "lire entre les lignes" : éclairer des allusions et des sous-entendus que le temps a effacés, reconstituer des projets précis, resituer un art d’écrire. L’objet du travail auquel s’adonne le psychanalyste est d’"écouter entre les phrases" du patient, pour repérer les points d’ancrage inconscients où s’amarre son désir. Dans les deux cas, le discours qu’on élucide s’offre comme un guide. Quelque chose est à trouver, même si rien n’a été caché intentionnellement dans les mots. L’entreprise textanalytique rencontre d’autres conditions d’exercice. Il n’y a rien à rechercher dont l’histoire ni l’écrivain aient jamais pu être conscients. Une sorte de fermentation, le fantasmatique en liberté, du désir sans sujet, voilà ce qui peut être visé, du moins recueilli grâce à une "écoute entre les lignes". Qui donc occupe cet intervalle ? Le lecteur. Comment ? Il doit, plutôt que suivre l’axe d’un chemin, combler inépuisablement un fossé, écarter, aux deux sens du mot, la béance d’un sens en surrection indéfinie... Mais le critique n’est pas simplement un lecteur: il rend publique sa lecture. En outre, rien ne se perçoit d’inconscient sans la connivence d’un autre sujet. Ecrire ce que j’entends devient alors obligation de théorie: afin d’assurer la relance ailleurs des effets de vérité, faire des interlignes un espace où se multiplient les (ré)écritures. Les textes mis à l’épreuve de cette lecture écrivante ("écrivaine", pour jouer ?) vont de Peau d’âne à une nouvelle de Sartre, en passant par un sonnet baroque, des poèmes de Beaudelaire, un conte de Maupassant et Le Rêve de Zola.