Humanities & Social Sciences

This open access book focuses on the textual features, or ‘strategies’, which form popularization discourse. In popularization discourse, research findings from academia are re-presented to make them noteworthy to society and influential for everyday life. Popularization involves recontextualization, or reimagination of findings in an everyday and newsworthy context, and reformulation, the use of audience-appropriate language to increase text comprehension and engagement. ‘Re-presenting research’ presents an empirically grounded, analytic framework for the analysis of popularization texts. Its applicability spans across disciplinary, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary fields, and overarches science communication, science journalism, and research communication. The book offers theoretical background information on popularization discourse, empirical underpinning of the construction of the framework, and practical applicability in examples from multiple text types and academic fields. This book acts as a guide for those working with or on popularization discourse – whether it is to analyze it or learn about it.

What's in a nineteenth-century philanthropist? Fear of an uprising. But the frightened philanthropist has a remedy. Aware that the urban surge of the working-class masses in Spain would create a state of emergency, he or she devises a means to seduce the masses away from rebellion by taking on himself or herself the role of the seducer: the capitalist intellectual hero invested in the caretaking of the unpredictable working class. Intellectual Philanthropy examines cultural practices used by philanthropists in modern Iberia. It explains the meaning and role of intellectual philanthropy by focusing on the devices and apparatuses philanthropists devised to realize their projects. Intellectual philanthropists considered themselves activists in that they aimed to impact social structures and deployed a rhetoric of the affect to convince the workers to join their philanthropic enterprise. Philanthropy, in the nineteenth century, was not necessarily linked to money. Motivations could be moral or political; they could arise from a desire to enhance social status or to acquire influence. To explicitly designate this conceptualization of the philanthropic act, the author proposes its own name: intellectual philanthropy . Intellectual philanthropy is the use of philanthropic platforms by intellectuals to deploy cultural and educational structures in which workers could acquire a cultural capital constructed and organized by the philanthropists. Vialette argues that intellectual philanthropy appeared as a reaction to the feared political and cultural organization of the working class, rather than as a process of worker emancipation. These philanthropic processes aimed at organizing the ­workers emotionally and rationally into what she calls micro-societies. Philanthropists used the technique of seduction and expressed love to and for a targeted class. However, this seduction prevented real communication, and created a moral and symbolic indebtedness. This process was perverse in that, through its cultural and educational structures, philanthropy would give workers cultural capital that was not just emancipatory, but also a way to restrict their agency.

This open access book provides a detailed review of the latest methods and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in medicine. With chapters focusing on enabling the reader to develop a thorough understanding of the key concepts in these subject areas along with a range of methods and resulting models that can be utilized to solve healthcare problems, the use of causal and predictive models are comprehensively discussed. Care is taken to systematically describe the concepts to facilitate the reader in developing a thorough conceptual understanding of how different methods and resulting models function and how these relate to their applicability to various issues in health care and medical sciences. Guidance is also given on how to avoid pitfalls that can be encountered on a day-to-day basis and stratify potential clinical risks. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Health Care and Medical Sciences: Best Practices and Pitfallsis a comprehensive guide to how AI and ML techniques can best be applied in health care. The emphasis placed on how to avoid a variety of pitfalls that can be encountered makes it an indispensable guide for all medical informatics professionals and physicians who utilize these methodologies on a day-to-day basis. Furthermore, this work will be of significant interest to health data scientists, administrators and to students in the health sciences seeking an up-to-date resource on the topic.

This book on blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning highlights the focus on research conducted in several teaching and learning contexts where blended learning had been implemented and focused on the fostering of self-directed learning. Several authors have contributed to the book, and each chapter provides a unique perspective on blended learning and self-directed learning research. From each chapter, it becomes evident that coherence on the topics mentioned is established. One of the main aspects drawn in this book, and addressed by several authors in the book, is the use of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework when implementing teaching and learning strategies in blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning. This notion of focusing on the CoI framework is particularly evident in both theoretical and empirical dissemination presented in this book. What makes this book unique is the fact that researchers and peers in varied fields would benefit from the findings presented by each chapter, albeit theoretical, methodological or empirical in nature – this, in turn, provides opportunities for future research endeavours to further the narrative of how blended learning environments can be used to foster self-directed learning.

Within the field of the sociology of work, Hochschild’s concept of emotional labor is considered one of the author’s most relevant and enduring contributions. For Hochschild, the expression and management of emotion are social processes. What people feel and express depend on societal norms, one’s social category and position, and cultural fac¬tors. Emotional expression and management are learned largely in the private sphere at first and later through participation in more public realms. In this contribution, we first clarify the concepts of emotional labor and emotion work; then we illustrate how these concepts represent a key element to understand gender structures and visualize the relationship between micro- and macro- dimensions; finally, we highlight the contemporary relevance of Hochschild's theorisations.

This is an open access book. Crafted for both the economist and the curious mind, this book introduces a novel approach to blending economic and biophysical sciences to enable multi-scale analysis of a range of sustainability challenges confronting the world’s land and water resources at both local and global scales. It focuses specifically on the interface between the environment and food systems, utilizing economic theory to structure the overall framework. However, within the SIMPLE-G framework, there is ample room to incorporate fine-scale biophysical knowledge from agronomy, climate science, ecology, geography, hydrology, as well as a range of socioeconomic considerations. This enables multi-scale analyses incorporating grid cells that can vary in size from 250 meters to sub-regional scales. This, in turn, allows for investigation of global change drivers’ impacts on local sustainability, as well as feedbacks from local sustainability policies to regional and global outcomes. The book opens with a foreword by a prominent sustainability scientist, Prof. Navin Ramankutty, and proceeds in five parts covering, respectively: (1) introduction and overview, (2) basic economic theory underpinning SIMPLE-G, (3) the SIMPLE-G framework, including structure, data, parameters, computer implementation, and validation, (4) eight diverse applications of the SIMPLE-G framework, covering a range of geographies and sustainability challenges, and (5) a forward-looking chapter on future directions. The book provides step-by-step guidance on building and utilizing gridded models with real-world case studies demonstrating practical applications which will facilitate its use by academics, practitioners, and students conducting research on climate impacts, land-use, water resource management, food security, poverty, equity, nutritional outcomes, and overall sustainability.

BAW-Resonatoren erfüllen die kritischen Anforderungen, die für die mobile Kommunikation nötig sind und bieten hochselektive Filteranwendungen. Dennoch stellen Frequenzbänder mit großer Bandbreite eine Herausforderung für die moderne BAW-Technologie dar. In dieser Arbeit wurden BAW-Resonatoren des Spiegel-Typs aus AlScN mit hohen Sc-Konzentrationen von bis zu 35 At.-% und fortgeschrittene BAW-Konzepte untersucht, um den geforderten Bandbreiten aktueller und zukünftiger Mobilfunkstandards gerecht zu werden. Es war möglich, einen optimierten Prozessablauf mit hoher Güte und hoch-piezoelektrischen AlScN-Schichten zu entwickeln. Darüber hinaus wurde die optimierte Dünnschicht in BAW-Resonatoren integriert und hinsichtlich verbesserter Bandbreite und hoher Güte durch geeignete Design-Methoden maximiert. Die optimierten AlScN-basierten Resonatoren wurden schließlich eingesetzt, um die Leistung von rein akustischen BAW-Filtern für kritische Frequenzen bis 5 GHz zu demonstrieren. Die Verbesserung des Materials und die Erarbeitung eines Materialdatensatzes bot zudem neue Möglichkeiten zur Untersuchung fortgeschrittener Filterkonzepte wie akustisch gekoppelte Resonatoren, ein konfigurierbarer Filter-Ansatz und die Anwendung neuartiger LC-Hybrid-Filtertopologie. Die entwickelten Resonatoren und Methoden forcieren schließlich die Anwendung von hoch koppelndem AlScN für verbesserte und fortschrittliche BAW-Technologien, die den zunehmenden Anforderungen an breitbandige Filtertechnologien gewachsen sind.

The notion of the “Silk Road” that the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen invented in the 19th century has lost attraction to scholars in light of large amounts of new evidence and new approaches. The handbook suggests new conceptual and methodological tools for researching ancient economic exchange in a global perspective with a strong focus on recent debates on the nature of pre-modern empires.The interdisciplinary team of Chinese, Indian and Graeco-Roman historians, archaeologists and anthropologists that has written this handbook compares different forms of economic development in agrarian and steppe regions in a period of accelerated empire formation during 300 BCE and 300 CE. It investigates inter-imperial zones and networks of exchange which were crucial for ancient Eurasian connections.Volume I provides a comparative history of the most important empires forming in Northern Africa, Europe and Asia between 300 BCE and 300 CE. It surveys a wide range of evidence that can be brought to bear on economic development in the these empires, and takes stock of the ways academic traditions have shaped different understandings of economic and imperial development as well as Silk-Road exchange in Russia, China, India and Western Graeco-Roman history.

The cowboy, as perhaps no other figure, has captured the imagination of North Americans for over a century. Before Owen Wister's publication of The Virginian in 1902, the image of the cowboy was essentially that of the dime novel - a rough, violent, one-dimensional drifter, or the stage cowboy variety found in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show. Wister's novel was to transform, almost overnight, this image of the cowboy. Soon after its publication, Wister sent a copy, inscribed "To the hero from the author," to Everett Johnson, a cowboy from Virginia who had been a friend of Wister's in Wyoming in the 1880s. Johnson had migrated to Alberta by the 1890s, eventually settling in the Calgary area. Before his death in 1946, his daughter-in-law, Jean Johnson, transcribed Everett's stories of the old west and collected them into a manuscript, now on deposit in the Glenbow Archives. In The Cowboy Legend, John Jennings, building on Jean Johnson's work, details the evidence that Everett Johnson was the initial and prime inspiration for Wister's cowboy, and in the process shows that Johnson led a fascinating life in his own right. His memories of both the Wyoming and Alberta cattle frontiers provide insight into ranch life on both sides of the border, and the compelling parallel biographies of Johnson and Wister feature vignettes of legendary period figures such as Buffalo Bill Cody, Wild Bill Hickok, Wyatt Earp, and Butch Cassidy, not to mention the best man at Johnson's wedding, Henry Longabaugh, a.k.a. the Sundance Kid. With an impressive range of scholarship and archival research, Jennings melds this realistic study of the cowboy frontier with an intriguing account of Wister's subsequent creation of the cowboy mystique, aided by two close friends and perhaps somewhat unexpected collaborators, Frederic Remington and Theodore Roosevelt. As compulsively readable as it is informative, this unique contribution to western history and literature will be welcomed by fans and scholars alike.

Wie sehen die Lebensrealitäten von Frauen und Männern in den Lebensbereichen „Erwerbssystem“ und „Familie“ aus? Welche Interdependenzen und damit möglicherweise einhergehenden Ungleichheiten im Geschlechterverhältnis ergeben sich hieraus? Das Heft präsentiert theoretische und empirische Beiträge, die sich mit der Auflösung und Neubestimmung der gesellschaftlichen Sphären ‚Erwerbsarbeit‘ und ‚private Lebensführung‘ auseinandersetzen. Dabei werden neben der Analyse des Bestehenden auch aktuelle Tendenzen und Perspektiven diskutiert.

The papers at this conference have replaced simplicity with complexity and, although we may quibble about the use of the term «elegance», scholars have demonstrated «creative developments» that do not fit neatly with received wisdom. As with the recent scientific discourse about evolution, one species does not merely replace another, but often exists alongside it until the newer, better adapted one eventually emerges. Even with regard to alternative currencies we have seen wide variation: from local exchange in utensils and animals, to international exchange in cloth, to use of bills of exchange in payment as well as labor itself as payment

Mit dem practical turn in der Wissenschaftsforschung avancierte das Experiment zu einem vielbeachteten Gegenstand historischer und wissenssoziologischer Untersuchungen. Eines wurde bislang jedoch weitestgehend ausgeblendet: der medizinische Menschenversuch. Dieses Buch widmet sich der Experimentalisierung des Menschen, indem es anhand der Syphilisforschung nachzeichnet, wie der Frauenkörper zu dem »Ding« (Hans Jonas) des Experiments wurde: Welche politischen Leitideen, welche gesellschaftlichen Projekte, welche literarischen Phantasien manifestierten sich in den Menschenlaboratorien des 19. Jahrhunderts?

South Africa is under-capitalising on its rich ways of doing business. One such way, the focus of this book, is collaboration. The collaboration approach should be promoted to the same extent that the Japanese have entrenched and exported their ‘small incremental improvement’ Kaizen approach. There are many such underexplored indigenous ways of doing business in Africa. Where improvement is required in relation to development and organisational performance, the need is not so much building new capacities as discovering and implementing more strategic and effective utilisation of existing indigenous ones. And there is no need to cringe when African culture is used to inform science. This book uses history, interviews and documentary evidence from South Africa to weave together a story, arguments and lessons about collaboration.

Dieses Buch untersucht, wie koloniale Kontinuitäten in deutschen Städten sichtbar und zum Gegenstand reflexiver Lerngelegenheiten gemacht werden können. Dabei wird deutlich, dass postkoloniale Stadtrundgänge eine geeignete Methode darstellen, um materielle und immaterielle Spuren des europäischen Kolonialismus im öffentlichen Stadtraum nicht nur zu erkennen, sondern auch kritisch zu hinterfragen. Dahinterliegende gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse können diskutiert und unter Umständen sogar neu gedacht werden. Die Autorin analysiert kolonialkritische Stadtrundgänge als reflexive Lernräume, die eurozentrische Perspektiven irritieren, zum Perspektivwechsel anregen und ein Bewusstsein für globale Ungleichheiten schaffen. Fundiert durch postkoloniale Theorien und eingebettet in den Kontext transformativer Bildung, verbindet die Arbeit empirische Forschung mit Bildungsforschung und Erinnerungsdiskursen. Interviews mit Initiativen, Befragungen von Teilnehmenden und teilnehmende Beobachtungen liefern neue Erkenntnisse über Wirkung, Herausforderungen und Potenziale postkolonialer Bildungsarbeit im Stadtraum.

Historicizing both emotions and politics, this open access book argues that the historical work of emotion is most clearly understood in terms of the dynamics of institutionalization. This is shown in twelve case studies that focus on decisive moments in European and US history from 1800 until today. Each case study clarifies how emotions were central to people’s political engagement and its effects. The sources range from parliamentary buildings and social movements, to images and speeches of presidents, from fascist cemeteries to the International Criminal Court. Both the timeframe and the geographical focus have been chosen to highlight the increasingly participatory character of nineteenth- and twentieth-century politics, which is inconceivable without the work of emotions.