Humanities & Social Sciences

Das Open-Access-Buch untersucht, wie die organisationale Gestaltung von Forschungseinrichtungen ihre inhaltliche und methodische Ausrichtung beeinflusst und wie sich Disziplinen und Forschungsfelder im Laufe der Zeit gewandelt und an neue institutionelle Kontexte angepasst haben. Die präsentierten historischen Fallgeschichten werden mithilfe eines gemeinsamen Analyserasters in Beziehung zueinander gesetzt. Auf diese Weise sind über die Einzelfälle hinaus allgemeine Einsichten möglich. Hierzu gehört, dass sich neue Forschungsgebiete häufig besser in Forschungseinrichtungen außerhalb der Hochschulen etablieren lassen. Auch können Forschungsgebiete dann erfolgreich etabliert werden, wenn Institute und Zentren ein Mindestmaß an organisatorischer und finanzieller Selbstständigkeit erhalten. Der Band vermittelt Erkenntnisse zu neuartigen Organisationsformen und zur Transformation von bestehenden Forschungseinrichtungen in den Natur-, Sozial- und Technikwissenschaften.

In 1953 the American Psychiatric Association established an Architectural Study Project in collaboration with the American Institute of Architects. The project brought together a wide range of experts from psychiatry and the behavioural sciences and the planning and design professions to provide solutions to the ailing mental hospital system in North America. They began to focus attention on various aspects of the hospital environment, such as light, colour and the creation of spaces for privacy and social contact, in ways that would go on to influence theories, methods and designs far beyond the walls of the institution. This paper will explore the contribution of the mental hospital, as both laboratory and field site, to the development of the new field of environmental psychology which attended to the function and design of a range of city spaces to prevent mental illness and promote mental health in a period of urban crisis.

The volume brings together 18 articles published by the author between 1985 and 2017. These focus on the reforms to Finland’s Criminal Code, which were concluded in 2003 following a process lasting over 30 years. Further articles offer an insight into developments in criminal law in Scandinavia more broadly.

Whether Dante was part of a hegemonic discourse or a counter one, he helped to shape identities, create new ones, re-imagined old ones. However, for these young South African students whose contributions are collected in this book Paradise as a place of the future seems to remain an unattainable mirage. For them South Africa is locked in a present which cannot overcome its past and cannot imagine its future; an eternal Purgatory, which ironically enough for Dante is the only non-eternal place of the afterlife.

This introduction motivates the objectives of Performance Generating Systems in Dance and provides wayfinding markers for the inquiries, insights, and resources of the book. First, the need to understand, conceptualize, and render accessible the practice of performance generating systems is discussed. I then sketch the interdisciplinary and multimethodological journey of research this book is based on and name the established artists and research collaborators that have been involved. The three theoretical frameworks of the book – dramaturgy, psychology, and performativity – are introduced and anchored in key insights about performance generating systems. From this backdrop, I outline how these frameworks are applied to, and further developed through, case examples of the practice by sharing a selection of the topics covered and discoveries offered within the contents of the book.

Starting from a critical reinterpretation of the debate on the evolutionary lines of lay historiography in the medieval commune, the essay investigates, on the basis of a new analysis of the Gesta Triumphalia per Pisanos facta, the cultural phenomenology and the lines of development of the ‘historiography of judges’ in the 12th century. In particular, the essay highlights, from a comparative perspective, the relevance of the socio-professional segment of judges and legal experts (and not notaries) in the writing of the chronicles of this period. Within this group, the chronicles had a mode of circulation that was neither public nor private, but which can be placed in an intermediate phase that refers to the way in which the authors and the readers used them.

Yosano Akiko (1878–1942) has long been recognized as one of the most important literary figures of prewar Japan. Her renown derives principally from the passion of her early poetry and from her contributions to 20th-century debates about women. This emphasis obscures a major part of her career, which was devoted to work on the Japanese classics and, in particular, the great Heian period text The Tale of Genji. Akiko herself felt that Genji was the bedrock upon which her entire literary career was built, and her bibliography shows a steadily increasing amount of time devoted to projects related to the tale. This study traces for the first time the full range of Akiko’s involvement with The Tale of Genji. The Tale of Genji provided Akiko with her conception of herself as a writer and inspired many of her most significant literary projects. She, in turn, refurbished the tale as a modern novel, pioneered some of the most promising avenues of modern academic research on Genji, and, to a great extent, gave the text the prominence it now enjoys as a translated classic. Through Akiko’s work Genji became, in fact as well as in name, an exemplum of that most modern of literary genres, the novel. In delineating this important aspect of Akiko’s life and her bibliography, this study aims to show that facile descriptions of Akiko as a “poetess of passion” or “new woman” will no longer suffice.

Why is there so little industry in Africa? Over the past forty years, industry and business interests have moved increasingly from the developed to the developing world, yet Africa’s share of global manufacturing has fallen from about 3 percent in 1970 to less than 2 percent in 2014. Industry is important to low-income countries. It is good for economic growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. Made in Africa: Learning to Compete in Industry outlines a new strategy to help Africa gets its fair share of the global market. Here, case studies and econometric and qualitative research from Africa, as well as emerging Asia, help the reader understand what drives firm-level competitiveness in low-income countries.

This is an account of the excavations at Durrington Walls, Wiltshire, in southern England, undertaken in 1966 to 1968. Included are descriptions of human remains and artefacts such as pottery, coins, weaponry and metalwork, together with an account of the methodology used to unearth these.

As the prominence of the recent #WakingTheFeminists movement illustrates, the Irish theatre world is highly conscious of the ways in which theatre can foster social emancipation. This volume of essays uncovers a wide range of marginalised histories by reflecting on the emancipatory role that the Dublin Gate Theatre (est. 1928) has played in Irish culture and society, both historically and in more recent times. The Gate’s founders, Hilton Edwards and Michéal mac Liammóir, promoted the work of many female playwrights and created an explicitly cosmopolitan stage on which repressive ideas about gender, sexuality, class and language were questioned. During Selina Cartmell’s current tenure as director, cultural diversity and social emancipation have also featured prominently on the Gate’s agenda, with various productions exploring issues of ethnicity in contemporary Ireland. The Gate thus offers a unique model for studying the ways in which cosmopolitan theatres, as cultural institutions, give expression to and engage with the complexities of identity and diversity in changing, globalised societies.

Die Frage nach der Verantwortlichkeit von Diensteanbietern für rechtswidrige Inhalte ist etwa so alt wie das Internet selbst - jedenfalls sofern man den Zeitraum in den Blick nimmt, als es zur Technologie der Massen avancierte. Zum Schutz der Innovationsfähigkeit haben seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre viele Rechtsordnungen mehr oder weniger weitreichende Haftungsprivilegierungen für Nutzerinhalte erlassen. 25 Jahre später sind die gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen jedoch gänzlich andere. Dennoch gilt das damals gesetzte Recht oftmals noch heute. Alexander Schiff geht den Regeln über die Haftungsprivilegierungen in der EU nach, stellt sie in den Kontext ihrer US-amerikanischen Vorbilder und unterzieht ihre Sachgerechtigkeit einer kritischen Prüfung. In einer Phase des Umbruchs rechtlicher Zugriffe auf Informationsintermediäre zeigt er Reformperspektiven auf, die ihre besondere gesellschaftliche Bedeutung reflektieren.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Why are civil authorities in so-called liberal democracies affronted by public nudity and the Islamic full-face ‘veil’? Why is law and civil order so closely associated with robes, gowns, suits, wigs and uniforms? Why is law so concerned with the ‘evident’ and the need for justice to be ‘seen’ to be done? Why do we dress and obey dress codes at all? In this, the first ever study devoted to the many deep cultural connections between dress and law, the author addresses these questions and more. His responses flow from the radical thesis that ‘law is dress and dress is law’. Engaging with sources from The Epic of Gilgamesh to Shakespeare, Carlyle, Dickens and Damien Hirst, Professor Watt draws a revealing history of dress and civil order and offers challenging conclusions about the nature of truth and the potential for individuals to fit within the forms of civil life.

"Conceived as a companion volume to the well-received Simple Forms: Essays on Medieval English Popular Literature (2015), Make We Merry More and Less is a comprehensive anthology of popular medieval literature from the twelfth century onwards. Uniquely, the book is divided by genre, allowing readers to make connections between texts usually presented individually. This anthology offers a fruitful exploration of the boundary between literary and popular culture, and showcases an impressive breadth of literature, including songs, drama, and ballads. Familiar texts such as the visions of Margery Kempe and the Paston family letters are featured alongside lesser-known works, often oral. This striking diversity extends to the language: the anthology includes Scottish literature and original translations of Latin and French texts. The illuminating introduction offers essential information that will enhance the reader’s enjoyment of the chosen texts. Each of the chapters is accompanied by a clear summary explaining the particular delights of the literature selected and the rationale behind the choices made. An invaluable resource to gain an in-depth understanding of the culture of the period, this is essential reading for any student or scholar of medieval English literature, and for anyone interested in folklore or popular material of the time. The book was left unfinished at Gray's death; it is here edited by Jane Bliss. The Faculty of English, University of Oxford, has generously contributed to this publication."

Der Spiegel liefert als mentales Konzept der mittelalterlichen Literatur eines ihrer bedeutendsten Wahrnehmungs-, Deutungs- und Denkmuster. Die Autorin zeigt anhand der höfischen Romane Willehalm von Orlens, Wilhelm von Österreich und Erec, wie es sich in erzählenden Texten des Mittelalters manifestiert und geht seiner Funktion und Wirkung auf die Rezeption nach. Dabei nimmt sie verschiedene Spiegelungsphänomene in den Blick – etwa die Figuren, ihre Funktion und Wirkung als ‹exemplarische Spiegel› und damit als orientierungsstiftende Vorbilder –, sodass schließlich das gesamte Werk als ‹Spiegel› erscheint. Die Untersuchung verbindet historische Semantik, kognitive Narratologie und kognitive Figurentheorie. So ergibt sich ein neuer Blick auf die Literaturproduktion und -rezeption sowie die Vermittlung von gesellschaftlich relevanten Konzepten wie rehte minne und triuwe.