Humanities & Social Sciences

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This essay examines the Third World volunteer movement that developed within the Catholic world in the late 1950s and the following decade. Groups and associations selected applications from dozens of young people, trained aspiring lay missionaries, and sent them to religious missions in Africa and Latin America to work as volunteers in the fields of education, health care, and construction. The essay reconstructs the activities of the organisations, but also the way in which aid to "poor countries" was conceived, in terms of the ethical values it invoked and the effects it hoped to produce. The history of Italian cooperation is placed in an international context, going beyond the measurement of Italy's backwardness in the field of aid policy, to capture some elements of specificity through the categories of analysis provided by the historiographic debate on contemporary humanitarianism.

Until very recently, most grape-based wine was consumed close to where it was produced, and mostly that was in Europe. Barely one-tenth of the world’s wine production was exported prior to the 1970s, even counting intra-European trade. The latest wave of globalization has changed that forever. Now more than one-third of all wine consumed globally is produced in another country, and Europe’s dominance of global wine trade has been greatly diminished by the surge of exports from ‘New World’ producers. New consumers also have come onto the scene as incomes have grown, eating habits have changed and tastes have broadened. Asia in particular is emerging as a new and rapidly growing wine market – and in China that is stimulating the development of local, modern production capability that, in volume terms, already rivals that of Argentina, Australia and South Africa. This latest edition of global wine statistics therefore not only updates data to 2009 and revises past data, but also expands on earlier editions in a number of ways. For example, we now separately identify an extra eight Asian countries or customs areas (Hong Kong, India, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand) in addition to China and Japan. We also include more than 50 new tables to cover such items as excise and import taxes, per capita expenditure on wine, the share of domestic sales in off-trade, the shares of the largest firms in national markets and globally, and the most powerful wine brands globally. Given the growing interest in the health aspects of alcohol consumption, we now express it per adult as well as per capita. Perhaps the most significant addition to this latest version is a new section that provides estimates of the volume, value and hence unit value of wine production, consumption, exports and imports for four catagories: sparkling wines, and non-premium, commercial-premium and super-premium still wines.

Architetture nel tempo represents the awareness of the duration, permanence and authenticity of places along the centuries and in their continuous contemporaneity, entrusted to the preservation which passes on to the future, to the dialogue between ancient and modern architecture and to the restoration project. Therefore, they are not only excellent artefacts, but also everyday architectures, artefacts born of necessity as well as of symbolic and grandiloquent will, which have however survived the passing of time in order to acquire the right to become memory and future, in order to exhibit a citizenship which is equally recognized at the borders of past and present, in order to become that material for history which, through research and investigation in the field, turns itself into history.

The book examines the migration of ideas and knowledge carried in the cultural baggage of Austrian refugees who fled to Australia in 1938 and 1939 to escape National Socialism. Through 26 life stories, it explores the processes of acquisition, transmission, translation, and adaptation of cultural capital, as well as its long-term impact on the host society. The study highlights the diverse strategies refugees employed to first escape their homeland and later negotiate and apply their knowledge in Australia.

Die Arbeit stellt einen Beitrag zur historischen Semantik des amerikanischen Englisch dar. Der Verfasser beschreibt den schwer greifbaren Sinn von experience im Werk John Deweys. Den Sinnbeschreibungen liegen systematische sprachwissenschaftliche Analysen ausgewählter Schriften zugrunde. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie der Sinn von experience durch den spezifischen Gebrauch, den Dewey von sprachlichen Mitteln macht, in den Schriften je neu hervortritt. Sprachtheoretisch knüpft die Untersuchung dabei an Vorarbeiten zum Phänomen der semantischen Innovation von P. Ricoeur an. Methodisch folgt sie der von C.S. Peirce angeregten Analogie zwischen den logischen Schlußverfahren und den Stufen des Forschungsprozesses. Die Analysen stützen sich auf umfangreiches, im Register aufgeführtes Belegmaterial.

The Communist Party dictatorships in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy—successful at the outset—in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.

Anthropology has been playing a central role in questioning the supposed objective and apolitical character of scientific knowledge by underlining the socio-cultural context and history of the constitution of any scientific theory. From different research universes, anthropologists have sought to demonstrate how science and politics are composed, juxtaposed and produced in the daily work of social actors. In the wake of what Donna Haraway (1995) pointed out, it is there would not be the "science" look, but the look of the scientists - always located in a space (which is not only geographical, but temporal, cultural, marked by social differences, etc.). It is therefore based on the premise that science and are mutually constituted and from specific contexts. Following In this line, this collection explores how certain knowledges are constituted and legitimized, how technologies of government come into action - and, through practices of the social agents, are (re) formulated - and how through such devices new categories of analysis, social markers, populations and subjectivities (FONSECA, MACHADO, 2015)

This volume explores how understanding relates to conscious experience. In doing so, it builds bridges between different philosophical disciplines and provides a metaphysically robust characterization of understanding, both in and beyond science. The past two decades have witnessed growing interest from epistemologists, philosophers of science, philosophers of mind and ethicists in the nature and value of intellectual understanding. This volume features original essays on understanding and the phenomenal experiences that underlie it. The chapters are divided into three thematic sections. Part 1 provides theoretical characterizations of understanding, including Henk de Regt’s defense of a contextual theory of scientific understanding and a debate on whether scientific inference and explanatory power are necessary or central features of understanding. Part 2 explores how conscious experience and understanding are related. The chapters articulate a phenomenal theory of understanding and address themes that are connected to understanding, including awareness, transformative experiences and exemplification. Finally, Part 3 is devoted to domain-specific inquiries about understanding, such as logical proofs, particle physics and moral understanding. Understanding and Conscious Experience will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in the philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of mind, ethics and phenomenology.

The Case Against Intervention - the fourth venture of the author Quah, Chee Heong, dwells upon contemporary social and economic issues. His previous books Optimal Currency Areas in East Asia, Eccentric Views on Money and Banking, and Austrian Economics in One Lesson lay stress on money, banking, and economics. This title concentrates on societal issues that currently define and affect our day-to-day lives which would certainly complement the curricula at colleges and universities. The objective of this work is to break the status quo and defy the fallacious reasoning in mainstream thinking, as Ronald Reagan once said, "Government is not the solution to our problem, government is the problem.

Krisenerfahrungen prägen die deutschsprachige Kultur von Grimmelshausen bis Grass und sind heute aktueller denn je. Klimawandel, Pandemie und politische Polarisierung stellen nicht nur das gesellschaftliche Zusammenleben infrage, sondern fordern auch die Germanistik heraus: Wie kann ein philologisches Fach zur Bewältigung globaler Probleme beitragen? Die internationalen Beiträger*innen verbinden drei Perspektiven: die Analyse von Krisen in Literatur und Kultur, die theoretische Reflexion des Krisenbegriffs sowie die Auseinandersetzung mit der »Krise der Germanistik« selbst. Sie zeigen, wie das Fach durch interkulturelle und interdisziplinäre Ansätze neue Relevanz gewinnen kann, indem es aus den Krisen produktive Impulse gewinnt.

This paper proposes a comparative study of social mobility between peasant and commercial societies in two distinct rural areas of Europe, namely the Low Countries and Piedmont. The paper focuses on changing consumption patterns under the frame of the premodern consumer revolution to identify what kind of society was more mobile. The adoption of new facets of consumption especially in the form of novel luxuries and colonial products has long been identified as an effort from households to adopt more refined lifestyles thus improving their prestige and status relative to the rest of society. It will be shown that while commercial societies appeared better at promoting the circulation of prestigious goods across social groups, the phenomenon remained highly elitist.

Someone has taken a trip and taken photographs of that trip and someone else has been invited to watch a slideshow of the trip taken. There is a road, there is an abstract painting, there is a viewer who wishes he could live in a televised loop of a sunset and another who wonders why people are fat. Tribulations of a Westerner in the Western World is a stunning first book by Vincent Dachy, a narrated slideshow of inner and outer geographies complete with 52 black and white photographs taken by the author.

Kurstädte standen lange im Schatten der Stadtgeschichtsforschung: zu klein, zu idyllisch und in ihrer Bedeutsamkeit oszillierend. Eine vergleichende Perspektive auf Kurstädte enthüllt rasch, dass sie äußerst vielschichtige, ja sogar widersprüchliche Orte des entstehenden Tourismus waren. Kurstädte siedelten sich im Spannungsfeld von ländlicher Idylle und städtischer Moderne bzw. von Entsagung und Überfluss an: Kneippkuren standen neben rauschenden Theaterabenden, reiche Industrielle neben Armenbadbesuchern. Dieser Stadttypus galt als Experimentierfeld der urbanen Moderne, wo man bald zentralisierte Schlachthöfe, Fotografen und Telegrafen antraf. Kurstädte waren auch Orte der politischen Auseinandersetzung, des entstehenden Rassismus und der Fremdenfeindlichkeit.