Humanities & Social Sciences

This edited volume represents a unique addition to the available literature on animal ethics, animal studies, and neuroethics. Its goal is to expand discussions on animal ethics and neuroethics by weaving together different threads: philosophy of mind and animal minds, neuroscientific study of animal minds, and animal ethics. Neuroethical questions concerning animals’ moral status, animal minds and consciousness, animal pain, and the adequacy of animal models for neuropsychiatric disease have long been topics of debate in philosophy and ethics, and more recently also in neuroscientific research. The book presents a transdisciplinary blend of voices, underscoring different perspectives on the broad questions of how neuroscience can contribute to our understanding of nonhuman minds, and on debates over the moral status of nonhuman animals. All chapters were written by outstanding scholars in philosophy, neuroscience, animal behavior, biology, neuroethics, and bioethics, and cover a range of issues and species/taxa. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists and students interested in the debate on animal ethics, while also offering an important resource for future researchers.

Published in 1916, Juniata Memories was Henry W. Shoemaker’s eighth volume of Pennsylvania folklore. Written in the author’s typical literary style, this volume includes twenty-six legends set in Central Pennsylvania and the Juniata Valley. These stories, “secured from old people, hermits, farmers, lumbermen, teamsters, hostlers, hunters, trappers, old soldiers, and their ladies,” prominently feature the Stone, Kishacoquillas, and Penn’s Valleys and the many towns that lie within and around them, such as Huntingdon, Lewistown, and Selinsgrove. The stories share a common theme with those in many of Shoemaker’s other volumes, portraying Pennsylvania’s pioneers as having a decidedly spiritual connection with nature. Juniata Memories includes some of Shoemaker’s best-known legends, such as “Nita-Nee: A Tradition of a Juniata Maiden” (the story of Mount Nittany’s formation in Centre County) and “The Standing Stone: A Legend of the Ancient Oneidas” (set in Huntingdon County). These popular tales stand alongside Shoemaker’s telling of famous area love stories, ghost lore, supposed Indian legends, hunting lore, and even a story of buried treasure along the Susquehanna River. The volume is illustrated with scenic turn-of-the-century photographs taken by the Pennsylvania Railroad’s official photographer.

This work examines the expression of Love in an interdisciplinary approach to literature and music in Germany and Russia during the Romantic Period. The starting point is Socrates’ classical discourse about Love and his definition of it, which Plato recorded in his Symposium. This will be applied to and examined in the Romantic Period, first in German and Russian literature and later in Music. What changes occur in the reception of this term? What differences or possible parallels can be determined in the two cultures and mentalities that are different at first sight? What is the influence of the respective artists on these changes? The results will be applied to the individual works of the writers A. Pushkin and E.T.A. Hoffmann as well as the musical settings of these works by the composers P. Tchaikovsky and R. Schumann. This examination, which is based primarily on literature and literary criticism, places the concept of Love in the foreground, even above the person or the work of the respective artist. Therefore, the primary goal of this work is to follow the reception of Plato’s “theory of love” during the Romantic Period. The concepts of one’s own inconstancy, the development of beauty, and the path of love correspond with the metacognitive philosophy of the Romantics. The subject of love has particular significance today because of the media’s frequent discussions about the crisis of moral values. Love is transmedial. It transcends the subjective lives of humans, the objective external conditions, culture and mentality, literature and music; and it remains a desire, an ambition, an idea. Love is active and bridges every boundary as a communicational code or as nature’s utmost attempt to lead an individual out of himself and to another.

Search and rescue missions are complex operations. A disaster scenario is generally unstructured, time‐varying and unpredictable. This poses several challenges for the successful deployment of unmanned technology. The variety of operational scenarios and tasks lead to the need for multiple robots of different types, domains and sizes. A priori planning of the optimal set of assets to be deployed and the definition of their mission objectives are generally not feasible as information only becomes available during mission. The ICARUS project responds to this challenge by developing a heterogeneous team composed by different and complementary robots, dynamically cooperating as an interoperable team. This chapter describes our approach to multi‐robot interoperability, understood as the ability of multiple robots to operate together, in synergy, enabling multiple teams to share data, intelligence and resources, which is the ultimate objective of ICARUS project. It also includes the analysis of the relevant standardization initiatives in multi‐robot multi‐domain systems, our implementation of an interoperability framework and several examples of multi‐robot cooperation of the ICARUS robots in realistic search and rescue missions.

Through examples of literary and audiovisual translation teaching practices, Inclusion, Diversity and Innovation in Translation Education places a novel emphasis on equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) synergising the latest research advancements in EDI and translation curricula. The contributors revisit how languages and translation are currently taught and explore the relevance of EDI values from an interdisciplinary perspective. The chapters contain proposals of best teaching practices and teacher training guidance alongside examples of research-led teaching scenarios. There is a twofold rationale behind this volume: firstly, identifying links between literary and audiovisual translation teaching practices, which often demand great creativity inside and outside the classroom; and, secondly, placing greater emphasis on EDI-focused methods and themes. Following this approach, readers are invited to consider pressing societal issues such as (media) accessibility, intersectionality, LGBTQI+ and race, among others, and to embed them in their language and translation teaching practices. Praise for Inclusion, Diversity and Innovation in Translation Education ‘This collection brings together a diverse group of scholars of various identities and backgrounds to provide us with invaluable lessons on how to increase a sense of belonging in university classrooms, especially among minoritised students. An inspiring and empowering archive of justice-oriented translation pedagogies.’ Emek Ergun, University of North Carolina at Charlotte ‘A topical and thorough manual for academics, instructors, professional translators and apprentices who will gain a critical insight into the need to develop competences about EDI during the educational years.’ Marcella De Marco, London Metropolitan University ‘A rich, kaleidoscopic collection that breathes life into EDI by weaving technological advances, intersectionality, accessibility and social justice into audio-visual and literary translation classrooms.’ Şebnem Susam-Saraeva, University of Edinburgh

Data Representativity and Granularity in Spanish Syntaxfocuses on the dialogue between Generative Grammar, Variationism, and experimental linguistics with a unique emphasis on Spanish linguistics. Combining formal syntax and empirical data collection, this volume analyzes and compares various data collection methods in syntactic theory, and examines a wide variety of approaches to gain novel insight in this emerging area. Through the case study of subject properties in Spanish, with an emphasis on how differences in data collection and data analysis standards may shape our perception of the object of study, this book addresses the following questions: (a) How do the data gathered through the standard methodology in each discipline diverge (if at all) and why? and (b) What kind of research questions can be answered with the standard methodology in each field? The volume argues for methodological crosspollination to avoid forcing data to conform to field-specific expectations and to appreciate language variation for what it has to tell us about linguistic theory, marrying the goals of Generative Grammar with data-driven research. This is an essential resource for researchers in the area of formal and generative syntax, linguists with an interest in data collection standard in syntax, and graduate or advanced undergraduate students in the field of Spanish linguistics.

The volume, dedicated to the 44th International Conference of the Italian Union for Drawing, investigates the theme of ‘Transitions’, which particularly effectively represents our time and the current condition of the discipline of Drawing. The term, beyond its generic meaning of an intermediate stage in a process in which a condition changes from one state to another, has always been used in various fields, from music to geophysics. In fact, the disciplines of drawing have always been confronted with themes and issues relating to transitions from one condition to another. The history of representation tells us of transformations, even epochal ones, relating to ‘drawing’, with all that such transitions entail: suffice it to think of the evolution of forms of representation, of instrumental apparatuses, of the mutability of supports, of the analogical-digital transition underway, of the new modes of communication on platforms, of the hypertrophic offer of images also on the net that confirms Guy Debord’s intuitions relating to the new spectacularisation of society. Similarly, representation triggers transitions in the prefiguration and communication of design, the anticipation and foreshadowing of future events.The challenges posed by the digital pose open questions whose scope can only be glimpsed, such as the relationship between drawing and the act of modelling, and the construction of new paradigms of visual language and communication. ‘Transitions’, almost implicitly, points to possible futures, the evolution of technique and the search for new modes of expression; at the same time, however, it can suggest silences and reflections in a process of connection between history, theory, criticism and construction.

As European Muslims and Muslims in the Middle East diverge, imams in Europe have emerged as major agents of religious authority who shape Islam’s presence in Western societies. This volume examines the theoretical and practical questions concerning the evolving role of imams in Europe. To what extent do imams act as intermediaries between European states and Muslim communities? Do states subsidise imam training? How does institutionalisation of Islam differ between European states?

Despite developments in research and practice on using examinee response process data in assessment design, the use of such data in test validation is rare. Validation of Score Meaning in the Next Generation of Assessments Using Response Processes highlights the importance of validity evidence based on response processes and provides guidance to measurement researchers and practitioners in creating and using such evidence as a regular part of the assessment validation process. Response processes refer to approaches and behaviors of examinees when they interpret assessment situations and formulate and generate solutions as revealed through verbalizations, eye movements, response times, or computer clicks. Such response process data can provide information about the extent to which items and tasks engage examinees in the intended ways. With contributions from the top researchers in the field of assessment, this volume includes chapters that focus on methodological issues and on applications across multiple contexts of assessment interpretation and use. In Part I of this book, contributors discuss the framing of validity as an evidence-based argument for the interpretation of the meaning of test scores, the specifics of different methods of response process data collection and analysis, and the use of response process data relative to issues of validation as highlighted in the joint standards on testing. In Part II, chapter authors offer examples that illustrate the use of response process data in assessment validation. These cases are provided specifically to address issues related to the analysis and interpretation of performance on assessments of complex cognition, assessments designed to inform classroom learning and instruction, and assessments intended for students with varying cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The fragmentary medieval chronicle, , is the oldest piece of historical writing from Norway, and probably our first specimen of Norwegian literature. It was composed in Latin in the second half of the twelfth century, perhaps in the Oslo area. Only the beginning of the work exists today, but it offers, among other things, a detailed report of a shamanic séance among the Sami as well as a unique early geographical description of Norway and the North Sea realm. Furthermore, we are presented with an early version of the Norwegian kings' genealogy, beginning with the mythical Yngling kings and ending, abruptly, with Olav Haraldsson's claim to the throne in 1015. This is the first critical edition of the Latin text since 1880, accompanied by a modern English translation by Peter Fisher. The introduction and full commentary in English take stock of previous scholarships and are new contributions to the interpretation of the text.

As previous research on the role of the radio in (post)colonial India has shown, radio broadcasting is deeply implicated in the narratives of empire and postcolonial nation-building. Radio thus becomes seemingly synonymous with the imperial project during colonialism and with the national project in the postcolonial period. In this chapter, we shift scholarly attention to public discourse and audience formation during the early years of radio in colonial India (1925 and 1936). We analyse how early radio impacted people’s perception of space and place by re-structuring the geographies of ‘home’, ‘world’, and ‘empire’. We also show how the radio affected audiences along the rural-urban divide, re-configuring their understandings of sound, technology and listening.

Ist das Patentrecht wirklich "wertneutral" oder gar "ethisch blind"? Die Praxis des Patentrechts wird von einem ungebrochenen Fortschrittsoptimismus getragen. Das hohe Maß an Technik- und Innovationsgläubigkeit lässt traditionell wenig Raum für eine tiefergehende Reflexion außerrechtlicher Wirkdimensionen des Patentsystems. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob Innovationsförderung ohne ein Mindestmaß an gesellschaftlicher Innovationsverantwortung überhaupt ein sinnvolles Ziel sein kann. Ein so facettenreiches Forschungsthema wie "Human Enhancements" eignet sich hervorragend dazu, um die Funktionen und Wirkungen des Patentschutzes zu veranschaulichen. An die Stelle eines allgemeinen Verweises auf "ethisch umstrittene Forschungsfelder" treten konkrete Beispiele. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können wiederum in den interdisziplinären Gesamtdiskurs einfließen, der die biotechnische Selbstgestaltung des Menschen als Teil und Folge der modernen Gesellschaft und ihrer Charakteristika betrachtet. Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Innovationspreis 2023 der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und als beste Dissertation im Zivilrecht mit dem Promotionspreis 2023 der Juristischen Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ausgezeichnet.

Eine Fremdunterbringung ist für Betroffene ein kritisches Lebensereignis. Biografiearbeit kann bei der Bewältigung der Herausforderungen einer Fremdunterbringung hilfreich sein. Um den Zugang zu Biografiearbeit für Jugendliche in stationären Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen zu verbessern, wurde das manualisierte Gruppenprogramm ANKOMMEN entwickelt. Das ANKOMMEN-Programm umfasst acht Gruppensitzungen, die von Mitarbeitenden von Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen anhand des vorliegenden Manuals selbstständig durchgeführt werden können. ANKOMMEN wurde umfangreich wissenschaftlich evaluiert und dabei zeigten sich positive Effekte auf die psychische Gesundheit der Teilnehmenden und eine hohe Akzeptanz der Inhalte bei den Teilnehmenden und Durchführenden.

In a context where we are increasingly able to detect and quantify contaminants and highlight their effects on organisms, what can ecotoxicology contribute today? A better understanding of the problems linked to contaminants, which could lead to overprotective measures? Or a better understanding of the mechanisms and processes involved to better manage the ecotoxicity of substances in the environment? This book addresses the major current approaches in ecotoxicology through open questions that readers who are curious to learn more about this discipline or, more generally, who are concerned about environmental issues, may ask themselves. The answers to these questions provide an overview of the main notions of ecotoxicology and the main associated concepts, and explain the changes that have transformed the traditional approaches to this science into a more holistic approach that takes into account the complexity of real-life conditions. Focusing on ecotoxicological processes and mechanisms enables the causal relationships between the presence and ecotoxicity of contaminants to be addressed, both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The pursuit of progress in ecotoxicological science is now a major challenge in accounting for the relationship between health and the environment (Eco-Health concept).

The paper concerns the use of archaeological sources and methods as tools for understanding some specific economic and social developments of the fourteenth century. Since the changes that occurred during this period seem to have had a profound impact on the material condition of people, archaeological sources must certainly be considered as strategic tools. Specifically, the theme of inequalities will be addressed by tackling two central issues in the social analysis of the phenomenon, namely modes of consumption, read through the ceramic source, and the analysis of dietary regimes. On these issues, archaeological sources have great potential, which has recently been enhanced by more frequent and systematic recourse to scientific analysis of the finds.