Humanities & Social Sciences

Cultures of Genre aims at a comprehensive, systematic and historical re-evaluation of the category of literary genre in German literature 1750-1950. It investigates aspects of the historical relationship between orders of knowledge, orders of literary genre and social orderings. Based on an understanding of genre as a performative act of cultural classification, the book analyzes the cultural poetics of writers and theorists including Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang v. Goethe, Jacob Grimm, Karoline v. Günderrode, Bettine v. Arnim, Adalbert Stifter, Georg Lukács, Walter Benjamin, Hugo v. Hofmannsthal and Bertolt Brecht.

Justin Martyr’s Dialogue with Trypho is the oldest preserved literary dialogue between a Jew and a Christian and a key text for understanding the development of early Judaism and Christianity. In Between Jews and Heretics, Matthijs den Dulk argues that whereas scholarship has routinely cast this important text in terms of "Christianity vs. Judaism," its rhetorical aims and discursive strategies are considerably more complex, because Justin is advocating his particular form of Christianity in constant negotiation with rival forms of Christianity. The striking new interpretation proposed in this study explains many of the Dialogue’s puzzling features and sheds new light on key passages. Because the Dialogue is a critical document for the early history of Jews and Christians, this book contributes to a range of important questions, including the emergence of the notion of heresy and the "parting of the ways" between Jews and Christians.

Ist Zusammengehörigkeit auf Worte angewiesen? Bedeutet ein,Mehr' an Sprachigkeit zugleich ein ,Mehr' an Zugehörigkeit? Diese Studie fragt nach der Bedeutung des Sprechens und Schreibens für die Mitteilung und den Vollzug von Gefühlen der Zugehörigkeit. In Auseinandersetzung mit dem Werk zweier literarischer Gegenwartsautorinnen, Herta Müller und Ilma Rakusa, entwickelt sie das affektpoetologische Programm eines Schreibens im Wi(e)derspruch, das literaturwissenschaftliche Verfahren erstmalig mit Ansätzen der sozialwissenschaftlich grundierten Zugehörigkeitsforschung verbindet und sich an ein interdisziplinär aufgeschlossenes Lesepublikum richtet. Marion Acker zeigt, dass Zugehörigkeit eine vielgestaltige Herausforderung ist, die im Schreiben der beiden Autorinnen immer wieder aufs Neue aufgenommen wird und das Potenzial besitzt, normative Annahmen zu hinterfragen.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It constitutes a unique source of knowledge and guidance for all healthcare workers who care for patients with sepsis and septic shock in resource-limited settings. More than eighty percent of the worldwide deaths related to sepsis occur in resource-limited settings in low and middle-income countries. Current international sepsis guidelines cannot be implemented without adaptations towards these settings, mainly because of the difference in local resources and a different spectrum of infectious diseases causing sepsis. This prompted members of the Global Intensive Care working group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU, Bangkok, Thailand) - among which the Editors – to develop with an international group of experts a comprehensive set of recommendations for the management of sepsis in resource-limited settings. Recommendations are based on both current scientific evidence and clinical experience of clinicians working in resource-limited settings. The book includes an overview chapter outlining the current challenges and future directions of sepsis management as well as general recommendations on the structure and organization of intensive care services in resource-limited settings. Specific recommendations on the recognition and management of patients with sepsis and septic shock in these settings are grouped into seven chapters. The book provides evidence-based practical guidance for doctors in low and middle income countries treating patients with sepsis, and highlights areas for further research and discussion.

The volume analyses the theme of "business risk" with an original and interdisciplinary approach from a dual point of view: the control and internal management of risks by the company, and the criteria for imputing liability for damages relating to the carried out activity. On the first point, consideration is given to the obligations of preparing adequate organizational models to prevent damage, even in situations of "unknown technology", and initiatives aimed at encouraging "socially responsible" conduct, such as ethical codes. On the other point, there are the problems relating to the most effective civil liability models to allocate the cost of harmful events on the subject who created the relative risk and not on the victim who suffers from them or on the community. In the second part of the volume, the topic is addressed with particular reference to the environment sector, which is the most profitable and also the current laboratory for testing the interconnections between prevention and fixing, conduct obligations and rules of responsibility, to the extent that the economic costs are charged to the operator in order to prevent, reduce or eliminate damage to the environment.

Europe’s national museums have since their creation been at the centre of on-going nation making processes. National museums negotiate conflicts and contradictions and entrain the community sufficiently to obtain the support of scientists and art connoisseurs, citizens and taxpayers, policy makers, domestic and foreign visitors alike. National Museums and Nation-building in Europe 1750-2010 assess the national museum as a manifestation of cultural and political desires, rather than that a straightforward representation of the historical facts of a nation. National Museums and Nation-building in Europe 1750-2010 examinesthe degree to which national museums have created models and representations of nations, their past, present and future, and proceeds to assess the consequences of such attempts. Revealing how different types of nations and states – former empires, monarchies, republics, pre-modern, modern or post-imperial entities – deploy and prioritise different types of museums (based on art, archaeology, culture and ethnography) in their making, this book constitutes the first comprehensive and comparative perspective on national museums in Europe and their intricate relationship to the making of nations and states.

This book is a window into the Dreaming, and Marralwanga's deep connection to Country. The story, and the culture, behind one of the great art practices of the world.

Transfer zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis kommt in komplexen Gesellschaften, die sich zunehmend auf Wissen stützen, ein besonderer Stellenwert zu. Dies greift der Band auf, indem unterschiedliche Auseinandersetzungen versammelt werden, die sich Transfer spezifisch aus den Feldern von Pädagogik und Erziehungswissenschaft widmen. Sie geben Einblicke in theoretische, empirische und praktische Verhältnisbestimmungen zwischen Forschung, Theorie, Handeln und Praxis.

Layout issues have never been systematically considered in relation to re-engraved epigraphic texts. In such cases, focusing on layout is important not only for the sake of restoring missing words, but also in order to reach a better understanding of the decisions made by stonecutters when confronted with older inscriptions. The aim of this chapter is to select, from the broad spectrum of re-inscriptions, those in which stonecutters were able to interact directly with the epigraphic “originals,” and, in cases where both versions are preserved, to analyze whether and to what extent this interaction occurred. To this end, the first part of the chapter discusses a taxonomy of re-inscriptions, with specific attention to the spatial, temporal, and functional distance between various versions, while the second part offers an overview of seven case studies drawn from the genre of dedicatory inscriptions, in order to determine whether the layout of older versions is preserved or discarded in the later ones.

This volume is based on two international conferences held in 2013 and 2014 at Ariano Irpino, and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. It contains essays by leading scholars in the field. Like the conferences, the volume seeks to enhance interdisciplinary and international dialogue between those who work on the Normans and their conquests in northern and southern Europe in an original way. It has as its central theme issues related to cultural transfer, treated as being of a pan-European kind across the societies that the Normans conquered and as occurring within the distinct societies of the northern and southern conquests. These issues are also shown to be an aspect of the interaction between the Normans and the peoples they subjugated, among whom many then settled.

This second volume of the “Online Handbook of Language Criticism – A European Perspective” focuses on the processes of standardisation in German, English, French, Italian, and Croatian and investigates them in the context of language criticism, comparing different aspects of standardisation and authorities involved. It highlights diachronic aspects relating to the shaping of norms for written and spoken language as well as synchronic aspects, such as the development of pluricentric standards and issues of orthography and codification.

Grappling with uncertainties is at the heart of investigating serious crime. At a time when such crime is becoming more complex and resources are increasingly stretched, this book draws together research and practice perspectives to review fruitful approaches to uncertainties and to chart the way forward. Scene setting chapters describe the consequences of globalisation and the spread of sophisticated information technologies (Sue Wilkinson), as well as advances in understanding and managing uncertainty (Michael Smithson). Ways of enhancing responses from statistics (Robyn Attewell), risk analysis (Richard Jarrett and Mark Westcott) and the psychology of decision making (Mark Kebbell, Damon Muller and Kirsty Martin) follow. These are complemented by insights from law (the Hon. Tim Carmody SC), politics (the Hon. Carmen Lawrence) and business (Neil Fargher), which all have significant intersections with policing. Synthesis is provided by the four final chapters which present the outlooks of the investigating officer and investigation manager (Peter Martin), the provider of policing higher education (Tracey Green and Greg Linsdell), the capacity-building consultant (Steve Longford), and the leader of a law enforcement agency (Alastair Milroy).

The optimization of both the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis method to prepare graphene and the Improved Hummers method to prepare graphite oxide is reported. Copper and nickel were used as catalysts in the CVD-graphene synthesis, CH4 and H2being used as precursor gases. Synthesis variables were optimized according to a thickness value, calculated using a homemade Excel-VBA application. In the case of copper, the maximum thickness value was obtained for those samples synthesized at 1050°C, a CH4/H2 flow rate ratio of 0.07 v/v, a total flow of 60 Nml/min, and a time on stream of 10 min. In the case of nickel, a reaction temperature of 980°C, a CH4/H2 flow rate ratio of 0.07 v/v, a total flow of 80 Nml/min, and a time on stream of 1 min were required to obtain a high thickness value. On the other hand, the Improved Hummers method used in the synthesis of graphite oxide was optimized. The resultant product was similar to that reported in literature in terms of quality and characteristics but both time and cost of the synthesis procedure were considerably decreased.

What does the landscape look like when someone else looks at it? Who gets to define and name the landscape? Can a cultural landscape be transferred to another environment? A landscape is a cultural performance, a stage for action and a field of political meanings. The articles in the book Maisema ja kulttuuriperintö – Landskap och kulturarv (Landscape and Cultural Heritage) explore national landscapes, forests and waterways, but also the politics of place names and digital cottage shores. Some of the landscapes studied are imagined, some can be experienced with all the senses, and the very existence of others is a matter of contention. Landscapes are formed of cultural memory, contemporary understanding, and visions for the future.

It is standardly thought, in both medical and sexual ethics, that each person enjoys a moral right against interference with her body, sometimes referred to as a right to bodily integrity, or a right against bodily trespass. The existence of such a right, many would hold, helps to explain why it is generally morally impermissible to conduct medical procedures on people without their consent, to physically assault them, or to subject them to unwanted touching. Less widely accepted is the thought that we also possess an analogous moral right against interference with our minds. However, several protagonists in the recent discussion of so-called ‘neurorights’ have entertained or defended the view that we do possess this right, or at least something in the vicinity of it, such as a (moral or legal) right against indoctrination, brainwashing, unconsented-to use of neurotechnologies, thought or mind control, thought or mind manipulation, intrusions in or restrictions of thought, mental influences that bypass rational control, interference with our autonomous agency, interference with our thoughts or interference with our mental states. Still, a moral right against mental interference is yet to attain the broad acceptance enjoyed by its bodily analogue. And, more importantly for my purposes here, our basis for endorsing this right remains unclear. Several of the authors cited above seek to derive the rights they defend from a more general right to freedom of thought or personal autonomy, but the derivation remains to be spelled out in detail. Moreover, it is not obvious, at least to this author, that such a derivation can be made to work. My own argument below will complicate any attempt to derive the RAMI from a right to autonomy, and attempts to derive it from a right to freedom of thought face the problem that the basis of this right is itself rather uncertain, at least if it is understood as a moral and not only a legal right. Nevertheless, I believe that there are good grounds for endorsing a moral right against mental interference or ‘RAMI’, and in this article I set out one argument for doing so. One way to defend a RAMI would be to shore up its theoretical grounding in, say, freedom of thought, personal autonomy or self-ownership. However, I will not pursue this strategy here. Instead, I will explore what I hope is a less theoretically fraught route to establishing the right. My argument is intuitive, relying heavily on intuitions about cases; I argue that positing a RAMI allows us to fully account for the wrongfulness of certain intuitively wrongful interventions whose wrongfulness is otherwise difficult to fully explain. As my description of this strategy no doubt suggests, I will remain neutral on what, if anything, might serve as the theoretical foundations of the RAMI. For example, I will remain neutral between the view that the RAMI is a fundamental moral right and the view that it derives from some other moral right. I will also remain neutral on what grounds moral rights more generally. I will, for instance, take no stance on whether moral rights are foundational normative features of the world, are grounded on the status or authority that they confer on the rightholder, or are grounded on their instrumental value in protecting the interests of the rightholder or society at large. A final qualification: I will not take a stance on the relationship between the RAMI and the other rights that have been defended in the literature on neurorights. I think it is plausible that the RAMI should be regarded as one element of a broader right to mental integrity or cognitive liberty, but I do not defend that view here, since I have neither a worked-out view of these rights nor a worked-out position on whether we possess them. With these qualifications in hand, we can turn to the main discussion, which proceeds as follows. I begin, in §II, by explaining why I think it is important to determine whether we possess a RAMI. Next, in §III, I offer a schematic and preliminary account of that right. In §IV, I begin my argument for this right by introducing a case that will serve as the point of departure for the subsequent discussion, and by explaining why the wrongfulness of the intervention described in this case cannot be satisfactorily explained by invoking what I call a ‘right to refuse’. Then, in §§V and VI, I consider two further attempts to fully account for the wrongfulness of this intervention, by appealing respectively to two further rights, which we might call a right to control and a right to independence. I argue that, while these attempts may account for some of the wrongfulness of the intervention, they cannot account for all of it. In §VII, I consider two ways of accounting for the residual wrongfulness: by invoking the right against bodily interference (RABI) or the RAMI. I argue that appealing to the RABI alone cannot fully account for the residual wrongfulness, but appealing to both rights together can. Thus, positing the RAMI allows us to correct for the failings in the other attempted explanations that I have considered. Since it is not clear how else we could correct for these failings, we thus have an argument, by inference to the best explanation, for the RAMI. In §VIII, I introduce and respond to two objections to my argument. Then, in §IX, I revisit the account of the RAMI introduced in §III. I note that my argument for the right also suggests that we would do well to revise that account in the direction of broadening its scope, and I briefly gesture towards some different ways in which we might revise it, and some challenges that we would face in doing so.