Humanities & Social Sciences

Epidemiological Change and Chronic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa offers new and critical perspectives on the causes and consequences of recent epidemiological changes in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly on the increasing incidence of so-called ‘non-communicable’ and chronic conditions. Historians, social anthropologists, public health experts and social epidemiologists present important insights from a number of African perspectives and locations to present an incisive critique of ‘epidemiological transition’ theory and suggest alternative understandings of the epidemiological change on the continent. Arranged in three parts, ‘Temporalities: Beyond Transition’, ‘Numbers and Categories’ and ‘Local Biologies and Knowledge Systems’, the chapters cover a broad range of subjects and themes, including the trajectory of maternal mortality in East Africa, the African smoking epidemic, the history of sugar consumption in South Africa, causality between infectious and non-communicable diseases in Ghana and Belize, the complex relationships between adult hypertension and paediatric HIV in Botswana, and stories of cancer patients and their families as they pursue treatment and care in Kenya. In all, the volume provides insights drawn from historical perspectives and from the African social and clinical experience to offer new perspectives on the changing epidemiology of sub-Saharan Africa that go beyond theories of ‘transition’. It will be of value to students and researchers in Global Health, Medical Anthropology and Public Health, and to readers with an interest in African Studies.

Two decades after the democratic transition, South African universities are in turmoil. Whilst the old is slowly becoming unhinged, reimagining the new is protracted and contested. The challenges ahead, including a funding crunch, are formidable and bear the imprint of South African postcolonial specificities and global transformations in higher education. At this moment, critical and engaged socio-historical scholarship is indispensable. Transformation and Legitimation in Post-apartheid Universities: Reading discourses from Reitz is such a work. Revisiting the notorious Reitz incident of 2008, when a satirical video made by students from the University of the Free State (UFS) to register their resistance to the racial integration of black' students into historically white' residences became public, the text offers an analysis of the broader cultural and socio-political context that constituted the conditions of possibility for the incident and its aftermath. Attention is shifted from the principal actors in the original drama a handful of students and workers to a critical interrogation of the broader structures, positions, discourses and practices that fed into the Reitz incident', reaching into the present with violent and racially-charged student and worker protests in 2016. Van der Merwe and Van Reenen deliver a theoretically-rich analysis of the anatomy of current contestations about race and transformation in higher education in South Africa, the resultant legitimation crisis facing the UFS and South African universities more generally, as well as ways to restore institutional legitimacy and reputation, focusing on instituting deeper, more durable change that unlocks the promise of democracy. Dr Irma du Plessis University of Pretoria

Im Abschlussbericht des Forschungsverbunds »ForuM – Forschung zur Aufarbeitung von sexualisierter Gewalt und anderen Missbrauchsformen in der Evangelischen Kirche und Diakonie in Deutschland« werden, neben Ergebnissen der quantitativen Studie zu Kennzahlen und Merkmalen institutioneller Umgangsweisen, auch zentrale Erkenntnisse aus fünf qualitativen Studien zu Betroffenenpartizipation, systemischen Bedingungen, der Praxis der Aufarbeitung von (sexualisierter) Gewalt, Betroffenenperspektiven und zur Perspektive von Betroffenen auf Strukturen der Evangelischen Kirche und deren Nutzung durch Täter*innen vorgestellt. Ebenso bietet der Abschlussbericht einen ersten Zugang zu institutionellen Mechanismen und spezifisch evangelischen Phänomenen.

Riparian and floodplain forests are tree-covered units that grow along the banks of rivers and streams. Due to climate change, increasing urbanisation, intensive agriculture, invasive alien species, and the damming and embankment of rivers, these forests are often degraded or have disappeared. However, they perform major socio-ecological functions related to water quality, flood risk reduction, biodiversity preservation, low water level support, nature tourism, etc. They are therefore a valuable element in the resilience of territories in the face of global changes. The target audience of this book includes anyone interested in these environments: students, scientists, institutions in charge of river and biodiversity management, foresters, consulting firms, environmental NGOs and decision-makers. It provides basic knowledge on how riparian forests and floodplain forests function, enriched by recent scientific advances. It also presents various useful tools and methods for characterising and monitoring them. Finally, numerous concrete cases of management and restoration are presented.

A comprehensive, engaging and timely Bakhtinian examination of the ways in which the music and lyrics of Pacific reggae, aspects of performance, a record album cover, and the social and political context construct social commentary, resistance and protest. Framed predominantly by the theory and philosophy of Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin, this innovative investigation of the discourse of Pacific reggae in New Zealand produces a multi-faceted analysis of the dialogic relationships that create meaning in this genre of popular music. It focuses on the award-winning record EP What’s Be Happen? by the band Herbs, which has been recognised for its ground-breaking music and social commentary in the early 1980s. Herbs’ songs address the racism and ideology of the apartheid regime in South Africa and the relationship between sport and politics, as well as universally relevant conflicts over race relations, the experiences of migrants, and the historic and ongoing loss of indigenous people’s lands. The book demonstrates the striking compatibility between Bakhtin’s theorisation of utterances as ethical acts and reggae music, along with the Rastafari philosophy that underpins it, which speaks of resistance to social injustice, of ethical values and the kind of society people seek to achieve. It will appeal to a cross-disciplinary audience of scholars in Bakhtin studies; discourse analysis; popular cultural studies; the literary analysis of popular music and lyrics, and those with an interest in the culture and politics of Aotearoa New Zealand and the Pacific region.

The book offers the first treatment in English to provide a thorough examination of the legal duties falling under the principle of loyalty in EU public law. Despite its seemingly innocuous wording, in what is now Article 4 (3) TEU, the principle of sincere cooperation has had a significant impact in deepening the reach of EU law within the Member States. The principle has been central to the development of Union law since the 1960s, and is still being relied on by the European Court of Justice to often-controversial effect. Providing a thorough discussion of the principle of loyalty in EU law, this book introduces a novel classification of the very diverse roles loyalty plays in the EU. It distinguishes between the effects loyalty prescribes for interlocking the legal orders of the Member States with Union law (cohesion), its application in preventing and resolving conflicts between the Union and the Member States (cooperation), and the loyalty principle's role in the shaping of EU law (construction). It addresses important and yet unresolved questions pertaining to loyalty, such as its relation to the principles of solidarity, effectiveness, fidelity, pre-emption, the Union interest, institutional balance, and the unity of international representation. The book explains why the principle of loyalty has been neglected in the prevailing narratives about the constitutionalization of EU law, places it in its international context, examining how it has influenced EU law and the comparisons that can be drawn with national and international principles of law.

The volume offers a portrait of Sergio Caruso as scholar, philosopher, and intellectual, and reflects on his academic and cultural experience. The plurality of essays collected in the book takes on a fundamental concept very dear to him: citizenship. Caruso, at the peak of his maturity, dedicated pages of great importance to it (which the book proposes and discusses) showing, «how this notion – originally an exclusively juridical concept – has acquired increasing importance in the social sciences and in political theory» as no longer and not only a «static set of rights and duties linked to the belonging of the subject to the political community» but a «bundle of social functions» and an «emerging collective force»: therefore a lever for new demands for ‘democracy’.

Eine Theorie des Schlüsselromans als ästhetisch und moralisch fragwürdige Gattung sowie ein Sittengemälde des Feuilletons der Gegenwart. Der Schlüsselroman ist eine zwielichtige Gattung. Hinter seinen scheinbar fiktiven Figuren lassen sich reale Personen erkennen, die mit suggestiven Strategien bloßgestellt werden. Der Verfasser eines Schlüsselromans nutzt den Roman als Waffe in persönlichen und politischen Konflikten. Dieses Potential hat dem Schlüsselroman den Ruf ästhetischer wie moralischer Minderwertigkeit eingehandelt; die Vorwürfe lauten: Boulevard, Meinungsjournalismus oder pseudokünstlerische Indiskretion. Wo ein Konzept so heftige Irritationen auslöst, liegt es nahe, nach den Gründen für diese Irritationen zu fragen. Anhand zahlreicher Beispiele von Schlüsselromanereignissen seit den 1960er Jahren untersucht Johannes Franzen fiktions- und gattungstheoretische Probleme und widmet sich den ethischen Fragen, die die Verarbeitung realer Menschen in literarischen Texten aufwerfen. Es werden bekannte Skandale - Thomas Bernhards »Holzfällen«, Martin Walsers »Tod eines Kritikers« oder Maxim Billers »Esra« - einer erzählerischen Analyse unterzogen, aber auch Fälle aus der Peripherie des Literarischen wie Klaus Rainer Röhls »Die Genossin« und Helmut Karaseks »Das Magazin«.

This book provides education professionals with an accessible and actionable guide to using research well in real-world contexts. Using research evidence to improve education is critically important but often poorly supported. There is little or no guidance for educators and leaders about how to do it well. Through practical examples, school case studies, improvement activities and practice checklists, this book unpacks what using research well involves and shows you how to develop it as an action-based practice within your work. The book’s easy-to-read chapters guide you through the process of: identifying your purpose for using research and finding appropriate research, engaging with the research thoughtfully and implementing it effectively, and modelling and supporting quality research use within your organisation. Written for teachers and leaders across all stages of education who want to use research evidence better within their work, this is an indispensable addition to the professional library.

Provides the English-speaking reader with the tools needed to appreciate Thomas Mann's most ambitious novel, one of the greatest literary works of the twentieth century, now timely once again. In 1938, the great German author and Nobel Prize winner Thomas Mann emigrated to the United States. There, he became a figurehead for the intellectual opposition to Nazism, giving more than 150 public lectures and recording more than fifty anti-Nazi radio addresses that the BBC broadcast into Germany. His political activities also left a profound mark on his fiction, most importantly on the 1947 novel Doctor Faustus: The Life of the German Composer Adrian Leverkühn as Told by a Friend. Ostensibly the biography of a fictional modern composer, Doctor Faustus also serves as a post-mortem of Nazism and a reckoning with five centuries of cultural history that led to dazzling heights but failed to prevent Germany's ultimate fall. Doctor Faustus is an astonishingly complex novel, both because of the range of its intellectual references and because of its stylistic inventiveness, which has provoked comparisons with Joyce. And yet, at a time when democracy around the world once again seems in retreat and the forces of irrationalism are in advance, it is also an extremely timely book. This guide will equip English-speaking readers with all the tools necessary to appreciate one of the greatest literary works of the twentieth century. On publication this book is available as an Open Access ebook under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.

Often noticed, frequently criticized, the descriptions of physical violence in Seneca’s philosophical work De ira and Lucan’s civil war epic De bello civili irritate until today. Only looking at the theory of rhetoric, the use of exempla and the staging of violence allows an approach to ancient reception attitudes and reveals the connections between enumeration and visualizability, violence and the the arousal of the emotions.

"Open access edition: DOI 10.6069/ 9780295748733 Dominica, a place once described as “Nature’s Island,” was rich in biodiversity and seemingly abundant water, but in the eighteenth century a brief, failed attempt by colonial administrators to replace cultivation of varied plant species with sugarcane caused widespread ecological and social disruption. Illustrating how deeply intertwined plantation slavery was with the environmental devastation it caused, Mapping Water in Dominica situates the social lives of eighteenth-century enslaved laborers in the natural history of two Dominican enclaves. Mark Hauser draws on archaeological and archival history from Dominica to reconstruct the changing ways that enslaved people interacted with water and exposes crucial pieces of Dominica’s colonial history that have been omitted from official documents. The archaeological record—which preserves traces of slave households, waterways, boiling houses, mills, and vessels for storing water—reveals changes in political authority and in how social relations were mediated through the environment. Plantation monoculture, which depended on both slavery and an abundant supply of water, worked through the environment to create predicaments around scarcity, mobility, and belonging whose resolution was a matter of life and death. In following the vestiges of these struggles, this investigation documents a valuable example of an environmental challenge centered around insufficient water. Mapping Water in Dominica is available in an open access edition through the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot, thanks to the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Northwestern University Libraries."

This book explores the rapidly changing seaweed industry in Indonesia, the largest global producer of carrageenan-bearing seaweeds. Seaweed production in Indonesia has grown exponentially over the last twenty years, and rural communities across the country have embraced this new livelihood activity. This book begins with an examination of the global carrageenan seaweed industry, from the global market for carrageenan in processed foods, to the national and regional contexts in Indonesia across which it is farmed, processed, and traded. It then explores the ways that rural communities have reshaped their lives around seaweed production, with chapters on agrarian transformations, negotiations over access to sea space, farmer decision-making in presence of environmental, social and economic constraints, the role of women and casual labourers in the industry, and the marketing of seaweed through social networks. Based on a multi-disciplinary research initiative, this book demonstrates the interrelatedness of environmental, social and economic dynamics on seaweed production, processing and trade, and argues for key policy interventions to support the sustainable development of the industry in the context of climate change. It also provides a lens for understanding and improving the broader processes of sustainable rural development in a rapidly globalising and commercialising world. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of aquaculture, food systems, agricultural economics, rural studies and sustainable development.

Child safeguarding has come to the forefront of public debate in the UK in the aftermath of a series of highly publicised incidents of child sexual exploitation and abuse. These have exposed the inadequacies and failings of inter-organisational relations between police and key partners. While the discourse of policing partnerships is now accepted wisdom, progress has been distinctly hesitant. This paper contributes to understanding both the challenges and opportunities presented through working across organisational boundaries in the context of safeguarding children. It draws on a study of relations within one of the largest Safeguarding Children partnerships in England, developing insights from Etienne Wenger regarding the potential of ‘communities of practice’ that innovate on the basis of everyday learning through ‘boundary work’. We demonstrate how such networked approaches expose the differential power relations and sites of conflict between organisations but also provide possibilities to challenge introspective cultures and foster organisational learning. We argue that crucial in cultivating effective ‘communities of practice’ are: shared commitment and purpose; relations of trust; balanced exchange of information and resources; mutual respect for difference; and an open and mature dialogue over possible conflicts. Boundary crossing can open opportunities to foster increased reflexivity among policing professionals, prompting critical self-reflection on values, ongoing reassessment of assumptions and questioning of terminology. Yet, there is an inherent tension in that the learning and innovative potential afforded by emergent ‘communities of practice’ derives from the coexistence and interplay between both the depth of knowledge within practices and active boundaries across practices.

Industrial and Production Engineering; Robotics and Automation; Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing; Manufacturing, Machines, Tools; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet)