Humanities & Social Sciences

Wie im 19. Jahrhundert die moralische Pflicht entstand, Menschen aus Seenot zu retten – und ob sie heute noch gültig ist Die organisierte Rettung Schiffbrüchiger war untrennbar mit einem neuen moralischen Gebot verbunden. Seit 1824 entstanden, zunächst in Großbritannien und den Niederlanden, humanitäre Freiwilligenvereinigungen mit nationaler Reichweite zur Rettung von Menschen aus Seenot. Sie bauten Rettungsbootstationen und Freiwilligenmannschaften auf. Innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte gelang es einem überwiegend städtisch-bürgerlichen Milieu, die Küstenbevölkerung dazu zu bewegen, einen verbindlichen Imperativ anzuerkennen: Die Rettung Schiffbrüchiger musste in jedem Fall versucht werden, fast ohne Rücksicht auf das eigene Leben. Vorher war Schiffbrüchigen meist nur geholfen worden, wenn die Umstände günstig schienen. Weder technische Innovationen des Bootsbaus noch ökonomische Anreize des Bergungswesens noch Neuerungen der Gesetzgebung erklären diesen Wandel. So rückt eine moralische Kultur in den Mittelpunkt, die sich zunehmend aus einzelnen humanitären Anliegen zusammensetzt und bis heute moralische Sprache und Praxis prägt. Erst zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts wird die Rettung aus Seenot zum Gegenstand weiterreichender gesetzlicher Regelungen. Mit der Zeit entsteht eine Rettungspraxis, aus der sich die widersprüchliche Gegenwart – zwischen Humanitarismus und pushback – erklären lässt.

COVID-19 has brought unprecedented challenges in the care of older adults. During the first surge of the pandemic, governments all over the world struggled with high disease severity and increased mortality among older adults. This work documents the impact of the pandemic by collating information from different countries and by synthesizing inputs from several knowledge domains—Sociology, Gerontology, Geriatrics, Medicine and Public Health. The impact on older adults is examined primarily with respect to three main issues—pervasive ageism, spread of infections in care homes worldwide, and the unintended harm of public health measures on geriatric population in different care settings. The complex tensions between epidemic control and the need to respond to social and economic imperatives are investigated with respect to disadvantaged and vulnerable older adults. The book also critically examines international ageing policies with the intention of identifying gaps in pandemic response in particular, and approaches to older adult care in general. In the light of the evidence presented, lessons are drawn which might improve aged care and strengthen emergency preparedness.Finally, considering the evolving nature of the pandemic, new international responses to older adult care and pandemic management are presented as an epilogue. It is anticipated that the book would help nourish critical thinking and implement new solutions to older care during and beyond the pandemic

This book is about the underlying mechanisms of agile management that control work processes in the context of industrial tech development. It challenges commonly held beliefs in adaptability, collaboration and flattened hierarchies claimed to be achieved by agile approaches. In asking how these promises are put into practice, this book offers novel insights into how work is controlled in times of increasing flexibility and constant change in the world of work and management. Through a rich analysis of a case study in industrial tech companies, Klara‑Aylin Wenten argues that agility is deeply entrenched in ambivalences ranging between planning and improvising, caring and exploiting, intimacy and professional distance, accuracy and imperfection and autonomy and control. She illuminates the challenging expectations and invisible work efforts that employees are faced with to adhere to the promise of agility. In introducing the concept of ‘management scripts’, the author sheds light on how action patterns, work habits, roles, interactions or artifacts embed (unspoken) guidelines instructing and controlling employees’ daily work lives. This lens on scripts challenges conventional management theories and highlights the pivotal role of material objects in work control. This book thus extends our understanding of the heterogeneity of humans and nonhumans contributing to the dynamics of managerial control, even beyond the scope of agile methodologies. This book appeals to an academic audience ranging from the humanities and social sciences to more practice‑based disciplines in management and business. As a research monograph, this book is predominantly dedicated to academic scholars in the fields of Science and Technology Studies, organization and management studies and the sociology of work but also addresses practitioners and scholars interested in business, innovation, design, anthropology or cultural studies. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This chapter reviews the development of the legal framework for renewable energy in Russia and discusses the current state of renewable energy in the country. The Russian support scheme for renewable energy is elaborated in detail for both the wholesale and retail energy markets, and the outcomes of the policy are assessed based on the current state of renewable energy in Russia. Russia has introduced an unusual scheme to promote renewable energy: compensating investments in capacity installed and guaranteeing investors a certain return on their investments. This instrument is known in the literature as a ‘capacity-based mechanism’ or simply a ‘capacity mechanism’. The capacity mechanism also imposes some restrictions and incentives to motivate renewable-energy production and attempts to minimise the cost burden of the subsidies on the taxpayer. Renewable-energy investments in other countries are commonly supported by paying projects for the electricity produced, rather than the installed capacity. The Russian approach has practical relevance from the policymakers’ perspective because, in contrast to conventional power plants that can be operated non-stop to produce electricity, many forms of renewable energy are not able to guarantee production on command. Paying for actual electricity production encourages investors to select appropriate sites for renewable energy generation. However, the Russian case demonstrates that renewables can also be supported through installed capacity. In this chapter, we present a short overview of Russian renewable-energy policy, review the academic literature on this topic, and analyse the outcomes of the policy in terms of the current state of renewable energy in Russia, paying particular attention to the effect of the capacity mechanism.

Corollary of the doctrine of the separation of powers and pillar of the rule of law, the principle of the independence of the judiciary is of great importance, especially in the Western legal tradition. Her analysis, focused on China, cannot be separated from an understanding of the reality in which it must be applied, from the knowledge of the legal class, the relations between the powers of the state and the history of the Communist Party. The purpose of this work is therefore to define the independence and professionalism of the Chinese judge at a regulatory level, framing the two concepts in a historical context and with comparisons with Western dynamics in order to recover the ultimate purpose of the judicial function: the impartiality of the decision.

Is the end of the nation-state approaching, now that the international economy takes less and less notice of borders between countries and the European Union has already acquired so much political power? What does national autonomy mean when governments delegate any number of powers to international organizations? Internationalization leads to political change, and the position of the nation-state appears to be undergoing a radical process of erosion. The surprising conclusion of this book is that the political significance of the state will not be lost. The analyses show that both expansion and fragmentation of political power are characteristics of fundamental political change. While it is true that the state is delegating authority and that internationalization is limiting autonomy, the state is also finding new forms of cooperation and coordination, both nationally and internationally, to preserve and even to strengthen its power and autonomy. Contrary to widely held assumptions, the idea of a progressive weakening of the nationstate does not prove tenable.

"The publications of the interdisciplinary and internationally networked Research Platform “World Order – Religion – Violence” seek to improve our understanding of the relationship between religion, politics and violence. It therefore deals especially with the return of religious themes and symbols into politics, with the analysis of the link between political theory and religion, and finally with the critical discussion of the secularization thesis. At the centre of the research are questions concerning the causes of violent conflict, the possibilities for a just world order and the conditions for peaceful coexistence on a local, regional, national and international/worldwide scale between communities in the face of divergent religious and ideological convictions. Its task is to initiate and coordinate thematically related research-efforts from various disciplinary backgrounds at the University of Innsbruck. It creates a network between departments, research-teams and single researchers working on topics of religion, politics and violence. The overall aim of the research platform World Order-Religion-Violence is to promote excellence in social and human science research on religion and politics at the University of Innsbruck and to guarantee the diffusion of this particular competence on a national and international level."

War and its legacy are traumatic to individuals, communities, and landscapes. The impacts last long beyond the events themselves and shape lives and generations. Archaeology has a part to play in the recording of, and recovery from, such trauma. The Falklands War Mapping Project delivers the first intensive archaeological survey of the battlefields of the Falklands War. The project is pioneering in its inclusion of military veterans as part of the core team and unique in being the first to take veterans back to the battlefields on which they fought. Forty years after the events of 1982, the project provides a detailed assessment of the character, location, and condition of structural features and artefacts. The project also develops understandings of the role played by conflict heritage – and of landscapes, finds, and past events – in the recall of personal and collective memories. This sumptuously illustrated book brings together the perspectives of team members, institutional partners and others. It showcases the varied and important contributions archaeology can make beyond understandings of distant events linked to therapeutic progress, coming to terms with traumatic experiences, living with the past in the present, and forging new memories, relations, and futures.

Cats and Conservationists is the first multidisciplinary analysis of the heated debate about free-roaming cats. The debate pits conservationists against cat lovers, who disagree both on the ecological damage caused by the cats and the best way to manage them. An impassioned and spirited conflict, it also sheds light on larger questions about how we interpret science, incorporate diverse perspectives, and balance competing values in order to encourage constructive dialogue on contentious social and environmental issues. On one side of the cat debate stand many environmentalists, especially birders and conservation organizations, who believe that outdoor cats seriously threaten native wildlife. On the other side are many animal welfare advocates, who believe that outdoor cats generally do not pose a major ecological threat and that it is possible for cats and wildlife to coexist. They believe that it is possible, mainly through trap-neuter-return projects (TNR), to keep free-roaming cat populations in check without killing large numbers of cats. Careful analysis suggests that there remain important questions about the science on both cat predation and TNR effectiveness. Yet both sides of the conflict insist that the evidence is clear-cut. This false certainty contributes to conflict between conservationists and cat lovers, and obscures common goals that could generate constructive discussions and collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, conservationists, and animal welfare advocates. Cats and Conservationists aims to facilitate such collaboration in order to manage outdoor cats and minimize the damage they cause. It also offers models for constructive debates about the public role of science in other polarized public conflicts over science and environmental topics.

The study focuses on the implicit image of pupils being constructed within a certain pedagogical and didactical context as well as its influence on pedagogical approaches and didactical choices. Analysing and de-constructing implicitly constructed images of pupils is suggested as a promising tool to contribute to a higher level of self-reflective elements in Religious Education praxis and theory. Diese Untersuchung verfolgt das Ziel, die Kategorie des Schülerbildes in den religionspädagogischen Diskurs einzuführen. Es wird gefragt, inwiefern konstruktivistisch geprägte Erkenntnisprozesse nicht auch hinsichtlich der – bislang vernachlässigten – Frage, wie Religionspädagog:innen in Theorie und Praxis über Schüler:innen denken und welches implizite Schülerbild somit meist unbewusst konstruiert wird, eine Rolle spielen. Im Sinne einer Heuristik werden Dimensionen herausgearbeitet, die den Konstruktionsprozess eines Schülerbildes maßgeblich mitbeeinflussen. Es wird untersucht, inwiefern ein Schülerbild im Kontext religionspädagogischer und -didaktischer Vollzüge wirksam ist und daher als ein Impetus zur Selbstreflexion wahrgenommen werden sollte. Zu diesem Zweck werden ausgewählte religionspädagogische Entwürfe hinsichtlich ihres jeweiligen Schülerbildes analysiert und die religionspädagogische Bedeutung des Schülerbildes anhand einer fünffachen Kategorisierung konkretisiert.

The Stimmung of a landscape, "in Stimmung sein" or "Stimmung machen". In these aesthetic and psychological meanings, the word Stimmung was not yet familiar in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The debates about the right tuning system in music raged all the more fiercely. The issue was not merely the determination of pitches, but the question of what music was and how it related to man and nature. Silvan Moosmüller illuminates different positions and argumentation strategies and puts the music-theoretical controversies in relation to contemporary literature and science. In the field of tension between harmony of the spheres and physiological aesthetics, a semantic network of mood comes into view, in which musical, cosmological, mathematical-physical and aesthetic aspects of meaning overlap.

Internationaliser les questions relatives à l’éducation et l’enfance pour les résoudre à l’échelle globale afin de préserver l’avenir de la planète : tel est le dessein d’une myriade de mouvements et d’organismes pédagogiques, intellectuels, ouvriers, syndicaux, religieux, féministes, pacifistes durant les décennies marquées par l’émergence et les activités de la Société des Nations (SDN). Tout comme celle-ci, traversée de tensions et de conflits, l’internationalisation du champ éducatif a donné lieu à de multiples interprétations et incarnations, parfois convergentes, souvent contrastées, voire contradictoires. Les contributions réunies dans ce volume illustrent la variété des objets et des réseaux à travers lesquels se sont construits, partagés et diffusés ces internationalismes éducatifs. Protection des plus vulnérables, accès à la scolarité, éducation à la compréhension mondiale, conscientisation des classes laborieuses, émancipation des femmes, aide intellectuelle aux prisonniers de guerre : comment penser le rôle des échanges transnationaux dans la façon dont ces causes éducatives sont traitées, négociées, conceptualisées, réappropriées sur les terrains locaux et nationaux ? L’ouvrage enrichit ici notre connaissance, en postulant que le changement d’échelle d’analyse, alternant espaces circonscrits et échelles plus globalisantes, peut mettre en lumière des facteurs d’évolution susceptibles de renouveler notre vision de cette période, et de son paysage éducatif.

Das Buch bietet eine theoretische und praktische Einführung in einen besonderen Teil der Sozialen und der pädagogischen Arbeit mit Geflüchteten. Es werden unterschiedliche Konzeptionen, Formate und Praxen der Erstorientierung thematisiert. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen des wissenschaftlich begleiteten Erstorientierungsprojekts HO:PE des Flüchtlingszentrums Hamburg werden Best-Practice-Ansätze für die sozialraumorientierte Soziale Arbeit und die Bildungsarbeit vorgestellt, die bei der zielorientierten und systematischen Erstorientierung Geflüchteter helfen. Die Bandbreite an Vorgehensweisen aus der Praxis deckt ein Kursangebot für Geflüchtete ebenso ab wie andere Formate, z.B. Informationsvorträge oder Fortbildungen für ehrenamtlich Engagierte. Die Leserinnen und Leser erhalten darüber hinaus theoretisch fundiertes Hintergrundwissen zu Erstorientierung und Empowerment von Geflüchteten sowie zu didaktischen und methodischen Grundlagen für die Bildungsarbeit. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird zudem auf das Empowermentpotenzial der Erstorientierung, auf die Sozialraumaktivierung und die sozialraum- orientierte Soziale Arbeit im Rahmen von Erstorientierung gerichtet.; The book offers a theoretical and practical introduction to a particular part of the social and educational work with refugees. Different concepts, formats, and practices of first orientation are discussed. Based on the results of the scientifically accompanied initial orientation project HO:PE of the Refugee Centre Hamburg, best-practice approaches for social-space-oriented social work and educational work will be presented that help police with their goal-oriented and systematic initial orientation. The range of practical procedures covers a course offer for refugees as well as other formats, e.g. information lectures or training courses for volunteers. In addition, the readers receive theoretically sound background knowledge on the initial orientation and empowerment of refugees as well as on didactic and methodological basics for educational work. Special attention is also paid to the empowerment potential of initial orientation, to social space activation, and social space-oriented social work within the framework of initial orientation.

Neue Musik konfrontiert uns mit ungewohnten Klängen und zwingt uns so, unser Verhältnis zur Welt zu hinterfragen. Sie rüttelt auf und ist somit immer auch politisch, so die gängige These. Am Beispiel von Helmut Lachenmann, einem der prominentesten Komponisten der Gegenwart, macht Lena Drazic Texte über Neue Musik zur Grundlage einer Diskursanalyse, die deren politischen Versprechungen auf den Grund geht. Daran zeigt sie, dass insbesondere in der Strömung des »Kritischen Komponierens« Werte wie Demokratie, Niederschwelligkeit oder Herrschaftskritik beschworen werden, der Zugang zum Neue-Musik-Betrieb hingegen maßgeblich von Bildungs- und Klassenprivilegien abhängt.

Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control presents a new empirical and conceptual framework for understanding trends of genetic surveillance in different countries in Europe and in other jurisdictions around the world. The use of DNA or genome for state-level surveillance for crime governance is becoming the norm in democratic societies. In the post-DNA, contemporary modes of criminal identification are gradually changing through the increasing expansion of transnational sharing of DNA data, along with the development of highly controversial genetic technologies that pose acute challenges to privacy and generate fears of discrimination, racism and stigmatization. Some questions that guide this book are: How is genetic surveillance in the governance of crime intertwined with society, ethics, culture, and politics? What are the views and expectations of diverse stakeholders –scientists, police agencies, and non-governmental organizations? How can social sciences research about genetic surveillance accommodate socio-cultural and historical differences, and be sensitive to specificities of post-authoritarian societies in Europe? Taking an interdisciplinary approach focused on challenges to genetic privacy, human rights and citizenship in contemporary societies , this book will be of interest to students and scholars of social studies of science and technology, sociology, criminology, law and policing, international relations and forensic sciences.