Humanities & Social Sciences

Apartheid and Fragmented Protest in Contemporary Southern Africa examines protest movements through the lens of Apartheid Studies, the first general theory of apartheid which explores how oppression, harm, injustice, poverty, loss, and inequality persist. The book argues that apartheid, which breaks the world of the oppressed into fragments, fomenting diverse experiences of oppression among its victims, frames the nature and course of protests by making them subject to its fragmentation. Protest is thus redefined as good neighbourly and demoted on account of its symbiotic relationship to apartheid. It is observed that the proliferation of protests does not preclude the persistence of apartheid. Rather, protest and apartheid are seen to be compatible. By examining protest hashtags on X from South Africa and Zimbabwe, the book explores and identifies the forms, relations, meanings, trajectories, and effects protests take, evoke, and embody as fragments subsisting in a fractured apartheid universe. It demonstrates how and why life goes on amidst protest, sheds light on the contradictions, paradoxes and complexities that characterise protest movements and invites conversations around protest as a paradigm in the context of apartheid. The book will be of interest to researchers across the fields of social movements, protests, sociology, African Studies, and communication and media studies.

It is common practice for patients in a hospital to be treated by the on-duty physician. If patients want to be treated by a certain physician, then they are subject to additional charges. This is referred to as ‘chief physician treatment’ because it is often chief physicians who are selected to carry out treatment. Commonly, chief physicians are considered to be particularly experienced and competent. But even if a chief physician treatment is contractually agreed with the patient, in many cases it is not the chief physicians who provide the individual treatment services. Sometimes they do not even participate in the treatment at all but nevertheless all the services are billed as chief physician treatment. Whether and the extent to which the law allows this kind of practice, is the subject of this dissertation.

Literary Coteries and the Making of Modern Print Culture, 1740-1790 offers the first study of manuscript-producing coteries as an integral element of eighteenth-century Britain’s literary culture. As a corrective to literary histories assuming that the dominance of print meant the demise of a vital scribal culture, the book profiles four interrelated and influential coteries, focusing on each group’s deployment of traditional scribal practices, on key individuals who served as bridges between networks, and on the aesthetic and cultural work performed by the group. Literary Coteries also explores points of intersection between coteries and the print trade, whether in the form of individuals who straddled the two cultures; publishing events in which the two media regimes collaborated or came into conflict; literary conventions adapted from manuscript practice to serve the ends of print; or simply poetry hand-copied from magazines. Together, these instances demonstrate how scribal modes shaped modern literary production.

The regulation of personal use is the most important barrier to Swiss copyright law. It largely frees the use of copyrighted works by private individuals, in the classroom and within companies and other organizations, but provides for remuneration for certain uses. From mere fragments in the first copyright law to today's regulation, the barrier has been continuously expanded. The driving force was technical progress, which made new uses possible, and developments at international level. This booklet traces the historical development, makes the relevant sources available and thus provides the basis for a well-founded historical interpretation of the current regulation.

Historians have often either ignored Anacharsis Cloots (1755–1794) or considered him deranged because he claimed to be the ‘orator of the human race’ and devised a ‘universal republic’ based on the ‘sovereignty of the human race’. This book is the first comprehensive study of the entire body of Cloots’s written works and political actions. By contextualizing them, the book non only rehabilitates Cloots as a political thinker worthy of consideration, but also argues that his political thought constitutes a specific branch of republicanism in the age of Atlantic revolutions: cosmopolitan republicanism. The introduction suggests how 18th-century French cosmopolitanism was a new philosophical tradition, but was composed of several themes, which the book then analyses in Cloots’s writings. The first chapter provides a brief overview of his life. The second chapter explains why he called himself orator and wrote pamphlets, and why contemporary readers should not discard this as non-philosophical. Having established Cloots’s writings as constituting a philosophical system, the following chapters explores it through the themes laid out in the introduction. First, the concept of reason and his understanding of science. Second, the paradigm of natural law and the role of nature in moral and political thought. Third, the conception of humanity and individuals in nature and society. Finally, republicanism and its principles. The last chapter summarizes the elements of Cloots’s cosmopolitan republicanism and opens a research programme to other political thinkers in the age of Atlantic revolutions for historians and political theorists. ; Historians have often either ignored Anacharsis Cloots (1755–1794) or considered him deranged because he claimed to be the ‘orator of the human race’ and devised a ‘universal republic’ based on the ‘sovereignty of the human race’. This book is the first comprehensive study of the entire body of Cloots’s written works and political actions. By contextualizing them, the book non only rehabilitates Cloots as a political thinker worthy of consideration, but also argues that his political thought constitutes a specific branch of republicanism in the age of Atlantic revolutions: cosmopolitan republicanism. The introduction suggests how 18th-century French cosmopolitanism was a new philosophical tradition, but was composed of several themes, which the book then analyses in Cloots’s writings. The first chapter provides a brief overview of his life. The second chapter explains why he called himself orator and wrote pamphlets, and why contemporary readers should not discard this as non-philosophical. Having established Cloots’s writings as constituting a philosophical system, the following chapters explores it through the themes laid out in the introduction. First, the concept of reason and his understanding of science. Second, the paradigm of natural law and the role of nature in moral and political thought. Third, the conception of humanity and individuals in nature and society. Finally, republicanism and its principles. The last chapter summarizes the elements of Cloots’s cosmopolitan republicanism and opens a research programme to other political thinkers in the age of Atlantic revolutions for historians and political theorists.

Künstliche Intelligenz ist ein Treiber der digitalen Transformation von Unternehmen, welche die gesamte Organisation, einschließlich ihrer Strukturen, Prozesse und Mitarbeitender berührt. Die AI Tomorrow Konferenz möchte die menschzentrierte Perspektive auf KI und ihren nachhaltigen Einsatz, im ökologischen wie auch ökonomischen und sozialen Sinne, stärker ins Zentrum des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses rücken. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch. Der Inhalt: Die Autor:innen beleuchten Aspekte der KI-Entwicklung und des Einsatzes. Nach einer Einführung zu Resilienz und Nachhaltigkeit von KI erscheinen die Beiträge entsprechend ihrer Zuordnung zu den Konferenzsessions: (I) Digital transformation of organizations or processes through AI (II) Opportunities of AI for society (III) AI supported knowledge management and learning (IV) Manufacturing and factories of the future Die Zielgruppe: Wissenschaftler:innen und Interessierte aus dem Bereich der Angewandten Informatik

Die Zunahme der Komplexität von Entscheidungssituationen sowie die Knappheit der verfügbaren Ressourcen in Wirtschaft und Politik führen zu wachsenden Anforderungen an die Allokationsplanung. In dieser Studie wird ein interdisziplinäres Modell zur Analyse und Kontrolle der Effektivität praktischer Budgetplanung aus systemtheoretischer Sicht entworfen. Die Anwendung des Modells erfolgt auf das System Berlin (West), wobei aber eine analoge Vorgehensweise auch für größere gewerbliche und öffentliche Unternehmen von Interesse ist. Als Voraussetzung für eine Effektivitätsanalyse der Ressourcenplanung erweist sich die Definition von strategischen Zielen und deren Quantifizierung mittels Zielgewichten sowie die Entwicklung eines Indikatorensystems als Grundlage für die Bewertung der aktuellen Systemqualität. Auf Grundlage der relevanten Finanzströme werden Thesen rationalen Entscheidungsverhaltens simuliert und hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Relevanz analysiert. Dies führt zu einer Erhöhung der Transparenz und damit zu einer besseren Beherrschbarkeit komplexer Entscheidungssituationen.

"[Francaviglia's] book is of great value, particularly in its illuminating showcasing of the degree to which the American West was consistently compared to aspects of the Middle East, from desert sands and rock formations to camel caravans and mirages. These comparisons helped to establish the West as an exotic locale, markedly different from the Europe-focused eastern half of the country and having a fascination of its own." Journal of Folklore Research

Although governments worldwide have invested significantly in intelligent sensor network research and applications, few books cover intelligent sensor networks from a machine learning and signal processing perspective. Filling this void, Intelligent Sensor Networks: The Integration of Sensor Networks, Signal Processing and Machine Learning focuses on the close integration of sensing, networking, and smart signal processing via machine learning. Based on the world-class research of award-winning authors, the book provides a firm grounding in the fundamentals of intelligent sensor networks, including compressive sensing and sampling, distributed signal processing, and intelligent signal learning. Presenting recent research results of world-renowned sensing experts, the book is organized into three parts: Machine Learning—describes the application of machine learning and other AI principles in sensor network intelligence—covering smart sensor/transducer architecture and data representation for intelligent sensors Signal Processing—considers the optimization of sensor network performance based on digital signal processing techniques—including cross-layer integration of routing and application-specific signal processing as well as on-board image processing in wireless multimedia sensor networks for intelligent transportation systems Networking—focuses on network protocol design in order to achieve an intelligent sensor networking—covering energy-efficient opportunistic routing protocols for sensor networking and multi-agent-driven wireless sensor cooperation Maintaining a focus on "intelligent" designs, the book details signal processing principles in sensor networks. It elaborates on critical platforms for intelligent sensor networks and illustrates key applications—including target tracking, object identification, and structural health monitoring. It also includes a paradigm for validating the extent of spatiotemporal associations among data sources to enhance data cleaning in sensor networks, a sensor stream reduction application, and also considers the use of Kalman filters for attack detection in a water system sensor network that consists of water level sensors and velocity sensors.

In the historical period between the last decades of the thirteenth century and the first half of the fourteenth century, famine was one of the basic forms of inequality; in the economic systems of those times, which were largely characterized by the presence of the market and the circulation of money, its appearance, in its true sense of an increase in the prices of human food, and in particular those of cereals, prevented access to the market for all those who did not have sufficient income or any other right to food. At the same time, the increase in the price of agricultural products was also a sign of an economic crisis. All of this gave rise to great inequalities and very serious social conflicts, which the political authorities sought to control by means of special offices responsible for monitoring the continuity of food supplies to urban markets. The essay examines how all these economic and political changes took place in the city of Rome and in the territory from which the necessary agricultural products were imported.

Die Reihe Arbeiten und Texte zur Slavistik umfasst Monographien und Sammelbände zur slawistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Im Zentrum stehen dabei Forschungsbeiträge zur russischen Literatur. Publikationssprachen sind Deutsch und Russisch.

Derzhavin and the Aesopian Tradition in the Eighteenth Century. The literary tradition of the fable genre emerged and developed in the 18th century, starting from A. Kantemir, through the formal experiments of Trediakovskij and Lomonosov, Sumarokov’s “sklonenie na russkie nravy”, and the subsequent original elaboration by undisputed Russian representative I. Krylov. The article examines G. R. Derzhavin’s fable production in the context of the genre’s reception in 18th-century Russia. Derzhavin’s fables were published posthumously and have been little studied to this day. Overall, the poet composed 24 fables, 4 of which are based on the elaboration of Aesopian subjects. The latter are specific subjects of analysis through their comparison with previous literary versions. The work demonstrates how Derzhavin’ Aesopian fables versions are original and interesting as echoes of his creative evolution.

Citizenship in Antiquity brings together scholars working on the multifaceted and changing dimensions of citizenship in the ancient Mediterranean, from the second millennium BCE to the first millennium CE, adopting a multidisciplinary and comparative perspective. The chapters in this volume cover numerous periods and regions – from the Ancient Near East, through the Greek and Hellenistic worlds and pre-Roman North Africa, to the Roman Empire and its continuations, and with excursuses to modernity. The contributors to this book adopt various contemporary theories, demonstrating the manifold meanings and ways of defining the concept and practices of citizenship and belonging in ancient societies and, in turn, of non-citizenship and non-belonging. Whether citizenship was defined by territorial belonging or blood descent, by privileged or exclusive access to resources or participation in communal decision-making, or by a sense of group belonging, such identifications were also open to discursive redefinitions and manipulation. Citizenship and belonging, as well as non-citizenship and non-belonging, had many shades and degrees; citizenship could be bought or faked, or even removed. By casting light on different areas of the Mediterranean over the course of antiquity, the volume seeks to explore this multi-layered notion of citizenship and contribute to an ongoing and relevant discourse. Citizenship in Antiquity offers a wide-ranging, comprehensive collection suitable for students and scholars of citizenship, politics, and society in the ancient Mediterranean world, as well as those working on citizenship throughout history interested in taking a comparative approach.

Newcastle upon Tyne is one of England’s great cities. Many think of it mainly as a product of the Industrial Revolution when abundant resources of coal, iron ore and water came together to create a Victorian industrial powerhouse. In fact, Newcastle’s long and proud history began in Roman times when Hadrian’s Wall marked the northernmost point of the Roman Empire.Newcastle became a thriving medieval port, with trading connections around the North Sea, the Atlantic, the Baltic countries and the Mediterranean. By the mid-17th century, Newcastle was not only a major European port, but was also becoming the pre-eminent exporter of coal fuelling the incipient industrial revolution. This volume brings together the archaeological evidence for occupation in the historic core of Newcastle between the prehistoric period and 1650. It places the evidence in the context of the evolving historical communities who made and occupied the site, and in the wider context of medieval and early modern European urban life.The volume synthesizes archaeological and historical evidence, highlighting material only known through excavation – like the early medieval use of the decaying Roman fort for a cemetery and probable church – as well as throwing new light on documented activities – like the way in which the waterfront was physically extended and consolidated to support trade from the 12th century onwards. Taking its name from a castle of national significance, planted after the Norman Conquest as a bulwark against Northern rebels and Scottish aggression, Newcastle was established as the king’s ‘Eye of the North’.

Nach einer Brustkrebserkrankung ins Arbeitsleben zurückzukehren, gilt als Meilenstein auf dem Weg Richtung Normalität und wiederhergestellter Gesundheit. Allerdings sind Betroffene im Prozess der beruflichen Rückkehr durch komplexe Folgeerscheinungen abermals mit der Krebserkrankung konfrontiert. Miriam Schanze beleuchtet mithilfe eines qualitativen Längsschnitts die Spannungsfelder, die sich für Betroffene an der Schnittstelle zwischen Krankheit, Gesundheit und Erwerbsarbeit entzünden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen die Turbulenzen des Übergangs zwischen Krankheit und Berufsalltag auf.