Humanities & Social Sciences

Digitale Identitäten sind der Schlüssel zur digitalen Souveränität – für Personen, Unternehmen und den öffentlichen Sektor. Dieser Sammelband bündelt die zentralen Erkenntnisse des Forschungsprogramms „Sichere Digitale Identitäten“ und bietet eine fundierte Basis für ein skalierbares, zukunftssicheres Identitätsmanagement. Im Fokus stehen selbstbestimmte Identitäten, mit denen Nutzende digitale Nachweise sicher in Wallets verwalten können und damit die Kontrolle über ihre digitale Identität zurückgewinnen. Diese Technologie bildet das Herzstück der neuen europäischen eIDAS-Verordnung von 2024 und wird den Umgang mit digitalen Identitäten grundlegend verändern. Anhand praxisnaher Anwendungsbeispiele aus Wirtschaft und Verwaltung zeigt der Band, wie sichere digitale Identitäten erfolgreich eingesetzt werden. Er beleuchtet aktuelle technologische Entwicklungen und innovative Lösungsansätze, die Nutzerfreundlichkeit und Sicherheit effektiv verbinden. Ergänzt wird dies durch methodische Ansätze zur Gestaltung von Identitätslösungen, eine Einordnung der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und einen Ausblick auf die Potenziale übergreifender digitaler Ökosysteme. Dieses Buch ist ein unverzichtbarer Leitfaden für alle, die sichere digitale Identitäten für vertrauenswürdige Interaktionen erfolgreich etablieren und verwenden wollen. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.

The publication focusses on the "waakaa", antropomorphic wooden sculptures of the Konso in Ethiopia. The study highlights the social functions and meanings of the sculptures. Besides a detailed description it also includes information on their production, the corresponding rituals and the way the statues are erected.

In comparison to other social groups, India’s rural poor – and particularly Adivasis and Dalits - have seen little benefit from the country’s economic growth over the last three decades. Though economists and statisticians are able to model the form and extent of this inequality, their work is rarely concerned with identifying possible causes. Employment, Poverty and Rights in India analyses unemployment in India and explains why the issues of employment and unemployment should be the appropriate prism to understand the status of wellbeing in India. The author provides a historical analysis of policy interventions on behalf of the colonial and postcolonial state with regard to the alleviation of unemployment and poverty in India and in West Bengal in particular. Arguing that, as long as poverty - either as a concept or as an empirical condition - remains as a technical issue to be managed by governmental technologies, the ‘poor’ will be held responsible for their own fate and the extent of poverty will continue to increase. The book contends that rural unemployment in India is not just an economic issue but a political process that has consistently been shaped by various socio-economic, political and cultural factors since the colonial period. The analysis which depends mainly on ethnography extends to the implementation of the ‘New Rights Agenda’, such as the MGNREGA, at the rural margin. Challenging the dominant approach to poverty, this book will be of interest to scholars working in the fields of South Asian studies, Indian Political Economy, contemporary political theories, poverty studies, neo-liberalism, sociology and social anthropology as well as development studies.

Beim Einsatz flüssigen Kraftstoffs in Gasturbinen sind der Verbrennung komplexe zweiphasige Strömungsprozesse vorgelagert. Hier ist insbesondere die Primärzerstäubung des Kraftstoffs zu nennen. Mit der Smoothed-Particle-Hydrodynamics(SPH)-Methode kann die Primärzerstäubung detailliert simuliert werden. Dieser Ansatz ist aufgrund seines hohen Berechnungsaufwands zurzeit jedoch auf kleine räumliche Bereiche begrenzt, wodurch die Kopplung mit den umgebenden Strömungsprozessen, die ohnehin effizienter und genauer mit der Finite-Volumen(FV)-Methode zu berechnen sind, eingeschränkt ist. Es ist daher erstrebenswert, detaillierte SPH-basierte Zerstäubungssimulationen in FV-Simulationen der umgebenden Strömung einzubetten. Dieser Forschungsbericht befasst sich mit der Entwicklung eines solchen hybriden Ansatzes zur direkten Kopplung von SPH- und FV-Rechengebieten. Der Ansatz wird hinsichtlich grundlegender numerischer Aspekte, wie der Massenerhaltung, sorgfältig beleuchtet und optimiert. Die Aufprägung von Rand- und Kopplungsbedingungen wird vereinheitlicht, wobei auch weitere Verbesserungen für Randbedingungen eingeführt werden. Durch geeignete Testfälle wird die Anwendbarkeit der Kopplungsschnittstelle auf brennkammertypische Strömungseigenschaften, wie Rezirkulation und signifikante Instationarität, demonstriert. Hierdurch werden somit wichtige Voraussetzungen zur Weiterentwicklung des Verfahrens für turbulente und mehrphasige Strömungen sowie technische Geometrien geschaffen.

This collection of papers addresses methodological issues in corpus linguistics and recent trends in the field. The authors discuss the multitude of data types that can be collected for computational analysis, tracing grammatical features from a diachronic perspective, how corpora can be used to observe discourse patterns in the press and other mediums such as YouTube, and using an interdisciplinary approach to study large compilations of texts.

This edited collection proposes a common good approach to development theory and practice. Rather than focusing on the outcomes or conditions of development, the contributors concentrate on the quality of development processes, suggesting that a common good dynamic is key in order to trigger development. Resulting from more than three years of research by an international group of over fifty scholars, the volume advocates for a modern understanding of the common good—rather than a theological or metaphysical good—in societies by emphasising the social practice of ‘commoning’ at its core. It suggests that the dynamic equilibrium of common goods in a society should be at the centre of development efforts. For this purpose, it develops a matrix of common good dynamics, accounting for how institutions, social norms and common practices interconnect by identifying five key drivers not only of development, but human development (agency, governance, justice, stability, humanity). Based on this matrix, the contributors suggest a possible metric for measuring the quality of these dynamics. The last section of the book highlights the possibilities enabled by this approach through a series of case studies. The concept of the common good has recently enjoyed a revival and inspired practitioners keen to look beyond the shortcomings of political and economic liberalism. This book builds on those efforts to think beyond the agenda of twentieth-century development policies, and will be of interest to those working in the fields of development, economics, sociology, philosophy and political science.

The late Tobin Siebers was a pioneer of, and one of the most prominent thinkers in, the field of disability studies. His scholarship on sexual and intimate affiliations, the connections between structural location and coalitional politics, and the creative arts has shaped disability studies and continues to be widely cited. Sex, Identity, Aesthetics: The Work of Tobin Siebers and Disability Studies uses Siebers’ work as a launchpad for thinking about contemporary disability studies. The editors provide an overview of Siebers’ research to show how it has contributed to humanistic understandings of ability and disability along three key axes: sex, identity, and aesthetics. The first section of the book explores how disability provides a way for scholars to theorize a wider range of intimacies and relationalities, arguing that disabled people seek sexual access and revolution in ways that transgress heteronormative dictates on sexual propriety. The second part of the book works outward from Siebers’ work to looks at how disability broadens our concepts of social location and political affiliations. The final section examines how disability challenges traditional notions of artistic beauty and agency. Rather than being a strictly commemorative collection meant to mark the end of a major scholar’s career, this collection shows how Siebers’ foundational work in disability studies remains central to and continues to inspire scholars in the field today.

This open access book presents the state of the art in research on the characteristics of past earthquakes. It presents an overview of contemporary developments, their use cases, and practical considerations, with the aim of introducing readers to recently developed methodologies as well as the sources, derivation, and handling of their uncertainties. The disparate fields of seismology, stratigraphy, geomorphology, and geodesy are all being applied to the common goal of understanding past earthquakes, and in this realm, each has experienced significant advances in the 2010s. The contents cover contemporary methods in remote sensing geomorphology, forensic pre-instrumental seismology, historic macroseismology, and paleogeodesy, some of which are already being employed together to derive a holistic picture of seismic events past. This book compiles in one resource the respective explanations of the diverse array of tools which are being used in the 2020s to investigate past seismic events to expand our seismic record.

Analysegegenstand in „Kafka und das Kafkaeske“ ist das spezielle Leseerlebnis, das sich bei der Rezeption von Erzähltexten Kafkas im Zusammenspiel von Bottom-Up- und Top-Down-Prozessen ergibt. Anhand von Kafkas Romanfragmenten und der Erzählung „Die Sorge des Hausvaters“ werden autorentypische Textphänomene aufgezeigt. Die spezielle Wirkung dieser kafkaesken Besonderheiten auf Leser wird vor allem mithilfe der Leerstellentheorie und der Schematheorie untersucht und greifbar gemacht. Im Vergleich der Romane wartet „Der Verschollene“ mit deutlich weniger kafkatypischen, also kafkaesken, Besonderheiten auf, als „Das Schloß“. Es ist außerdem anhand einzelner inhaltlich einander ähnelnden Passagen nachweisbar, dass die Erzählinstanzen der einzelnen Romanfragmente immer besser darin werden, leserseitige Sinnstiftung zu erschweren. Diese Schwierigkeiten in der Sinnkonstruktion ergeben sich für Leser auf der Ebene des Situationsmodells: Die Schilderungen über das innerhalb der Erzählung Gegebene lassen sich nicht mit den Schemata in Einklang bringen, die sich Menschen im Laufe ihres Lebens auf Grund ihrer gemachten Erfahrungen aneignen. Der üblicherweise beim Lesen eines Texts mehr oder weniger automatisch ablaufende Verstehensprozess wird wegen Überforderung der Schemata des Lesers durch die Erzählinstanz deautomatisiert; je nach Text im Großen und Ganzen durch Leerstellen mit besonderem Offenheitspotenzial oder eher in einzelnen Details. Diese spezifische Qualität der Texte Kafkas ist die Grundlage für den Begriff des „Kafkaesken“, der sich mittlerweile popkulturell verselbständigt zu haben scheint.

How can we learn to notice the signs of disability? We see indications of disability everywhere: yellow diamond-shaped “deaf person in area” road signs, the telltale shapes of hearing aids, or white-tipped canes sweeping across footpaths. But even though the signs are ubiquitous, Stephanie L. Kerschbaum argues that disability may still not be perceived due to a process she terms “dis-attention.” To tell better stories of disability, this multidisciplinary work turns to rhetoric, communications, sociology, and phenomenology to understand the processes by which the material world becomes sensory input that then passes through perceptual apparatuses to materialize phenomena—including disability. By adding perception to the understanding of disability’s materialization, Kerschbaum significantly expands our understanding of disability, accounting for its fluctuations and transformations in the semiotics of everyday life. Drawing on a set of thirty-three research interviews focused on disabled faculty members’ experiences with disability disclosure, as well as written narratives by disabled people, this book argues for the materiality of narrative, suggesting narratives as a means by which people enact boundaries around phenomena and determine their properties. Signs of Disability offers strategies and practices for challenging problematic and pervasive forms of “dis-attention” and proposes a new theoretical model for understanding disability in social, rhetorical, and material settings.

From user-generated images of streets to professional architectural renderings, and from digital maps and drone footages to representations of invisible digital ecologies, this collection of essays analyses the emergent practices of visualizing the street. Today, advancements in digital technologies of the image have given rise to the production and dissemination of imagery of streets and urban realities in multiple forms. The ubiquitous presence of digital visualizations has in turn created new forms of urban practice and modes of spatial encounter. Everyone who carries a smartphone not only plays an increasingly significant role in the production, editing and circulation of images of the street, but also relies on those images to experience urban worlds and to navigate in them. Such entangled forms of image-making and image-sharing have constructed new imaginaries of the street and have had a significant impact on the ways in which contemporary and future streets are understood, imagined, documented, navigated, mediated and visualized. Visualizing the Street investigates the social and cultural significance of these new developments at the intersection of visual culture and urban space. The interdisciplinary essays provide new concepts, theories and research methods that combine close analyses of street images and imaginaries with the study of the practices of their production and circulation. The book covers a wide range of visible and invisible geographies — From Hong Kong's streets to Rio's favelas, from Sydney's suburbs to London's street markets, and from Damascus' war-torn streets to Istanbul's sidewalks — and engages with multiple ways in which visualizations of the street function to document street protests and urban change, to build imaginaries of urban communities and alternate worlds, and to help navigate streetscapes.

"Hope dies - action begins" - this is the motto of the new global environmental movement "Extinction Rebellion" (XR). XR wants to make us all aware of finally taking radical measures against the gigantic species extinction and climate catastrophe. This book features XR activists who explain XR claims, XR principles & values ​​and XR actions from their own point of view. This is intended to encourage readers to engage with this movement and its goals. XR means rebellion for life.

Indonesia

This is a book about some of the unexpected people and places involved in cultivating knowledge of the natural world and mastery of scientific apparatus around 1800, taking readers across continental Europe from the Enlightenment to the onset of academic professionalisation. The authors widen the horizon of inquiry by looking beyond the scientific elite of academies and prestigious science sponsored by princely courts, the focus of previous major studies of this time period. They consider people of diverse professions and occupations who advanced scientific knowledge through practical means by devoting their spare time and personal resources, thereby crossing geographic, linguistic and societal barriers. The case studies together demonstrate that such individuals contributed substantially to the spread of new knowledge and found ways to contribute technical innovations to society. The present volume is devoted to these people: the devotees of science.

The volume is a contribution to the ongoing debate on the internationalization of American Studies. The essays by European, American and Latin American scholars provide critical evaluations of a wide range of concepts, including trans-national and post-national, international, trans-atlantic, trans-pacific, as well as hemispheric, inter-American and comparative American studies. Combining theoretical reflections and actual case studies, the collection proposes a reassessment of current developments at a time when American nations experience the paradoxical simultaneity of both weakened and strengthened national borders alongside multiple challenges to national sovereignty.