Humanities & Social Sciences

Modern headlights are able to project any desired symbol directly onto the street. Feasible applications are driver assistance, information or communication with other traffic participants. Besides all the possibilities the risk of distraction can’t be neglected. The present work offers a way to operationalize and quantify this risk. Based on this evaluation a possible homologation can be determined.

Between December 1953 and June 1954, the elite think-tank the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) joined prominent figures in International Relations, including Pennsylvania’s Robert Strausz-Hupé, Yale’s Arnold Wolfers, the Rockefeller Foundation’s William Thompson, government adviser Dorothy Fosdick, and nuclear strategist William Kaufmann. They spent seven meetings assessing approaches to world politics—from the “realist” theory of Hans Morgenthau to theories of imperialism of Karl Marx and V.I. Lenin—to discern basic elements of a theory of international relations. The study group’s materials are an indispensable window to the development of IR theory, illuminating the seeds of the theory-practice nexus in Cold War U.S. foreign policy. Historians of International Relations recently revised the standard narrative of the field’s origins, showing that IR witnessed a sharp turn to theoretical consideration of international politics beginning around 1950, and remained preoccupied with theory. Taking place in 1953–54, the CFR study group represents a vital snapshot of this shift This book situates the CFR study group in its historical and historiographical contexts, and offers a biographical analysis of the participants. It includes seven preparatory papers on diverse theoretical approaches, penned by former Berkeley political scientist George A. Lipsky, followed by the digest of discussions from the study group meetings. American Power and International Theory at the Council on Foreign Relations, 1953–54 offers new insights into the early development of IR as well as the thinking of prominent elites in the early years of the Cold War.

Umweltsysteme wie die Atmosphäre, Flüsse, Seen und Meere machen vor nationalen Grenzen nicht halt. Das wird in Europa besonders deutlich. Daher treten eine Vielzahl grenzüberschreitender Umweltallokationsprobleme auf. Aufgrund der nationalen Souveränitätsrechte lassen sich diese Probleme nur durch eine internationale Zusammenarbeit befriedigend lösen. Das damit verbundene Verhandlungsproblem wird in dieser Abhandlung untersucht. Mit Hilfe spieltheoretischer Ansätze wird im Rahmen von 2-Länder-Modellen analysiert, wie sich alternative Ausgangs- und Randbedingungen auf institutioneller Ebene wie auch in den jeweiligen Umweltsystemen auf mögliche Verhandlungsergebnisse auswirken. Dabei stehen allokations- und verteilungstheoretische Fragestellungen im Vordergrund.

The globally acclaimed novel »The Whale Rider« by Witi Ihimaera connects with today’s pressing issues: decolonization, environmental protection, cultural resilience. The contributors to this volume offer readers intercultural and interdisciplinary perspectives on this work through accessible scholarly and personal analyses. They show how literature can bridge nature and cultures, myth and reality, Indigenous stories and international audiences. Readers gain new insights into Māori literature and its global contexts – making this a compelling read for scholars and curious minds alike.

This book presents evidence-based research on climate-neutral and resilient farming systems and further to provide innovative and practical solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impact of climate change. Intensive farming systems are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, thereby contributing to global warming and the acceleration of climate change. As paddy rice farming is one of the largest contributors, and most environmentally damaging farming systems, this will be a particular focus of the book. The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions needs to be urgently addressed to achieve the 2 degrees Celsius target adopted by COP21 and the 2015 Paris Agreement, but this is not possible if local and national level innovations are not accompanied by international level cooperation, mutual learning and sharing of knowledge and technologies. This book, therefore, brings together international collaborative research on climate-neutral and resilient farming systems compiled by leading scientists and experts from Europe, Asia and Africa. The chapters present evidence-based research and innovative solutions that can be applied or upscaled in different farming systems and regions across the world. Chapters present models and technologies that can be used for practical implementation at the systemic level and advance state of the art knowledge on carbon neutral farming. Combining theory and practice, this interdisciplinary book provides guidance which can inform and increase cooperation between researchers from various countries on climate-neutral and resilient farming systems. Most importantly, the volume provides recommendations which can be put into practice by those working in the agricultural industry, especially in developing countries, where they are attempting to promote climate-neutral and resilient farming systems. The book will be of great interest to students and academics of sustainable agriculture, food security, climate mitigation and sustainable development, in addition to policymakers and practitioners working in these areas.

In this comprehensive volume, authors from across the social sciences explore how housing wealth transfers have impacted the integration of families, society and the economy, with a focus on the (re)negotiation of the ‘generational contract’. While housing has always been central to the realization and reproduction of families, more recently, the mutual embedding of home and family has become more obvious as realignments in housing markets, employment and welfare states have worked together to undermine housing access for new households, enhancing intergenerational interdependencies. More families have thus become involved in smoothening the routes of younger adult members into and up the ‘housing ladder’. While intergenerational support appears to have become much more widespread, it remains highly differentiated across countries, cities and regions, as well as uneven between social and income classes. This book addresses the increasing role that family support, and intergenerational transfers in particular, are playing in sustaining the formation of new households and the transition of young adults towards social and economic autonomy. The authors draw on diverse international cases and a variety of methodologies in order to advance our understanding of housing as a key driver of contemporary social relations and inequalities. This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal Housing Studies. Chapters 1, 6, 8 and 9 are available Open Access at https://www.routledge.com/products/ 9780367262822.

Für Deutschland und die westliche Staatengemeinschaft kam die Annexion der Krim durch Russland im Jahr 2014 überraschend. Die Folgen für die internationale Staatengemeinschaft sind gravierend. Welche Entwicklung nehmen die Ukraine und andere Nachfolgestaaten der Sowjetunion? Und welche Rolle übernehmen die USA dabei? Die deutsche Außenpolitik hat die Aufgabe, künftige Konfliktfelder früher zu erkennen und Handlungsoptionen zu entwickeln.

This volume brings together annotated editions and interpretations of Early Modern literature about tobacco, beer, wine, and coffee. It includes New Latin and German panegyric poems praising Tokaji wine or beer from Nordhausen, for instance, but also texts opposing the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The collection thus offers a cultural-historical perspective on current debates surrounding the legalization of intoxicants.

Large public projects represent major complex investment and whilst there has been much written about how to develop, manage and deliver such projects, practice still does not match up with expectations. In this book, researchers from the Norwegian Concept Research Programme explore the paradoxes between theory and practice in collaboration with experts in the field of project governance. This book delves into the reality of large public projects, to show how they can be managed effectively and efficiently, recognising the realities of their context. It offers a range of practical conclusions as to the paradoxes of the governance and management of public projects. The international spectrum of authors draw their examples from the UK, Norway, Canada, France, Australia and the Netherlands. Bridging the gap between research, theory and practice, this book will benefit academics and researchers in the field of project management and corporate governance as well as those in the practice of public project governance, civil servants and industry practitioners.

This book considers and examines the concept of a Smart City in the context of improving the quality of life and sustainable development in Central and Eastern European cities. The Smart City concept has been gaining popularity in recent years, with supporters considering it to be an effective tool to improve the quality of life of the city’s residents. In turn, opponents argue that it is a source of imbalance and claim that it escalates the problems of social and economic exclusion. This book, therefore, assesses the quality of life and its unsustainability in Central and Eastern European cities within the context of the Smart City concept and from the perspective of key areas of sustainable development. Using case studies of selected cities in Central and Eastern Europe and representative surveysof Polish cities, this book illustrates the process of creating smart cities and their impact on improving the quality of life of citizens. Specifically, this book investigates the conditions that a Smart City has to meet to become sustainable, how the Smart City concept can support the improvement of the residents’ quality of life and how Central and Eastern European countries create smartcity solutions. Containing both theoretical and practical content, this book will be of relevance to researchers and students interested in smart cities and urban planning, as well as city authorities and city stakeholders who are planning to implement the Smart City concept. Chapter 6 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Written at the height of Stalin's first "five-year plan" for the industrialization of Soviet Russia and the parallel campaign to collectivize Soviet agriculture, Andrei Platonov's The Foundation Pit registers a dissonant mixture of utopian longings and despair. Furthermore, it provides essential background to Platonov's parody of the mainstream Soviet "production" novel, which is widely recognized as one of the masterpieces of twentieth-century Russian prose. In addition to an overview of the work's key themes, it discusses their place within Platonov's oeuvre as a whole, his troubled relations with literary officialdom, the work's ideological and political background, and key critical responses since the work's first publication in the West in 1973.

Die Verbindung von Arbeiten und Lernen im Berufsalltag gleicht einem Spagat zwischen zwei verschiedenen Prozessen. Dabei sind informelles und nonformales Lernen Teile jeder Tätigkeit. Die Autorin untersucht, welche Lernaktivitäten sich im Arbeitsalltag von Pflegekräften ergeben und wie sie wahrgenommen werden. Dazu entwickelt Therese Rosemann ein prozessnahes Lernverständnis, auf dem ihr multimethodisches Untersuchungsdesign aufbaut. Interview- und Prozessstudien liefern Einsichten über Lernanlässe, Lernsituationen und Lernaktivitäten. Mit der Rekonstruktion arbeitsbezogener Lernaktivitäten und -episoden werden Lernprozesse beschrieben, kategorisiert, analysiert und systematisiert. Therese Rosemann zeigt, dass die Wahrnehmung des Lernens am Arbeitsplatz eng mit den Einflussfaktoren soziale Einbindung und Nutzung digitaler Endgeräte verknüpft ist. Darüber hinaus zeigen sich tätigkeitsbezogene Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung von Lernaktivitäten, wonach die Beschäftigten diejenigen Vorgehensweisen präferieren, die sich unter den spezifischen arbeitsplatzbezogenen Bedingungen, den fehlenden Informationen und Unsicherheiten am besten realisieren lassen. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die betriebliche Praxis und Implikationen für die Forschung abgeleitet. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass die Grenzen zwischen informellen und nonformalen Lernkontexten verschwimmen und lernort- und seminarortübergreifende betriebliche Lernkonzepte an Bedeutung gewinnen, um zeit- und ortsflexible Lernprozesse zu unterstützen.

While the First World War raged outside, fifteen-year-old Jaap Kann sat indoors and struggled with his schoolwork. He was the terror of his teachers and consistently failed his subjects. Rather than studying, he preferred dreaming of building airplanes and joining the war effort. Concerned about his future, Jaap’s wealthy parents hired Otto Barendsen—a psychologist and pedagogue—to provide daily homework supervision. Over several years, Barendsen meticulously kept a diary of their sessions, chronicling not only his attempts to motivate Jaap but also their conversations, Jaap’s emotional development, and his inner world. Inspired by the ideals of progressive pedagogy, Barendsen hoped to establish himself as a pedagogical writer in the tradition of Jan Ligthart and Theo Thijssen. For this ambition, Jaap was a golden subject. He was a typical teenager and attended the very first ‘lyceum’ of the Netherlands, where early theories of adolescent psychology inspired efforts to redesign education. As Barendsen prepared his envisioned book on adolescents, a profound friendship grew between the rebellious teenager and his idealistic tutor.

The book deals with the concept of fragmentation as applied to languages and their documentation. It focuses in particular on the theoretical and methodological consequences of such a fragmentation for the linguistic analysis and interpretation of texts and, hence, for the reconstruction of languages. Furthermore, by adopting an innovative perspective, the book aims to test the application of the concept of fragmentation to languages which are not commonly included in the categories of ‘Corpussprache’, ‘Trümmersprache’, and ‘Restsprache’. This is the case with diachronic or diatopic varieties — of even well-known languages — which are only attested through a limited corpus of texts as well as with endangered languages. In this latter case, not only is the documentation fragmented, but the very linguistic competence of the speakers, due to the reduction of contexts of language use, interference phenomena with majority languages, and consequent presence of semi-speakers.

"This chapter aims to examine how samhandling and concurrent learning work together. “Concurrent learning” is a form of simultaneous learning, where many learning processes related to samhandling take place at the same time. Samhandling and concurrent learning are also functional processes, in the sense that learning also occurs through daily interaction activities or actions. At the same time, concurrent learning and samhandling are interdependent and they are, therefore, in a sense part of the same process (hence concurrent learning). The chapter identifies five factors identified as important to samhandling and concurrent learning. These are: (1) Awareness of basic assumptions regarding people; relations and teamwork are essential; (2) Space, (3) Giving of themselves, (4) Making processes transparent and addressing problems as early as possible, and (5) Reflection as a key to samhandling and concurrent learning. Samhandling and concurrent learning represent a mindset, a way of working and a form of learning, which together help to meet and/ or develop the skills needed to tackle the challenges of flexible organizations."