Humanities & Social Sciences

Women in science face particular challenges, such as structural inequalities, highly competitive work environments, and at times toxic cultures. This collection conveys the experiences of women academics in Switzerland, featuring insights from twelve scholars across various universities and disciplines. Each contributor shares their unique journey in pursuit of a professorship, illustrating the rich diversity of the Swiss scientific community. This volume offers hope for those struggling with finding their place in science, emphasizing the joys and privileges that can be found in an academic career and the passion and perseverance of those pursuing it.

The tall tower building with an intense light source on the top, visible far away, called a lighthouse in English, takes its name in the Romance languages of faro. The fuels used to produce lighting have progressively adapted to the times: bundles of dry wood, olive oil, wax candles, sperm whale fat, paraffin oil, acetylene, arriving to electricity. The lighthouses didn’t only have positive aspects; in fact, they not only facilitated bearings during night navigation, but also indicated to the pirates the coastal cities to plunder. This gave rise to a sort of "land piracy" as "prankster" characters lit "fake beacons" on reefs, shoals, etc. waters where ships were stranded and were therefore more easily plundered. This work shows the current number of lighthouses in Italy, giving greater emphasis to the Italian historic lighthouses, which, by definition, are those that meet at least three of the characteristics established by IALA. As in other European countries, also in Italy the lighthouse lantern was often placed on the top of bell towers of the churches along the coastline. The oldest Italian lighthouses are on the Tyrrhenian coast the lighthouse of Rome Port and on the Adriatic coast the lighthouse of Ravenna Port. Obviously, we will only mention the lighthouses, which in our opinion are the most important and given the historicity of these we will only deal with the "bright" lighthouses, outlining the historical-geographical context within which they were built.

This open access book assesses the prospects of (re)adopting organization as a pivotal concept in biology. It shows how organization can nourish biological thinking and practice, by reconnecting with the idea of biology as the science of organized systems. The book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art picture of the characterizations and uses of the concept of organization in both biological science and philosophy of biology. It also deals with a variety of themes – including evolution, organogenesis, heredity, cognition and ecology – with respect to which the concept of organization can guide the elaboration of original models and new experimental protocols. It will be of interest to biologists and scholars working in philosophy of science alike.

This open access book dissects the current narratives of ‘vulnerability’ in asylum laws and policies, by unpacking the meanings, productions, and performances, of ‘vulnerability’ in different contexts, from countries of first asylum in the Global South to Europe and Canada. It discusses how the increased reliance on ‘vulnerability’ to guide states’ replies to refugee movements improves refugee protection, while also generating contestations and exclusionary effects that may cause harm. Based on data collected as part of the EU Horizon 2020 VULNER project, the book examines existing legal and bureaucratic approaches to refugees’ vulnerabilities, which it confronts with the refugees’ experiences and understandings of their own life challenges. It analyses the perspectives from state actors, humanitarian organisations, and social and aid workers, as well as the refugees themselves. By emphasizing how these perspectives relate and feed into each other, the book unpacks the humanitarian replies from states and the international community to refugee movements – including in their implied exclusionary dimensions that generate contestations and implementation difficulties which, if not tackled and understood properly, risk exacerbating and/or producing vulnerabilities among refugees.

Gendered dynamics have always been crucial in determining the experience and patterns of migration. The roles and responsibilities assigned to men and women within households and communities, created by cultural norms, social hierarchies, and economic systems, have dramatically influenced their experiences, vulnerabilities, and contributions during these movements. This book examines the intricate relationship between gender, migration, and climate change to shed light on one of the most important socio-economic issues of the 21st century. It explores the gendered aspects of migration brought on by climate change, recognising the vulnerabilities, adaptability, and resilience of women, girls, and marginalised genders in the face of climate-related disruption. The book looks at how migration brought on by climate change alters the socio-economic environments of both sending and receiving groups. It focuses on how these changes either promote or impede social fairness by differentially affecting gender roles, economic opportunities, and access to resources. It looks at how migration fuelled by climate change exacerbates already-existing gender inequities, emphasising important issues like job accessibility, household and community decision-making authority, and the uneven cost of adjusting to economic and environmental shocks. Policy frameworks and tactics targeted at fostering gender-responsive resilience and advancing climate adaptation are assessed, acknowledging the pressing need for inclusive and equitable approaches. By weaving together rigorous analysis, empirical case studies, and policy evaluation, the book encourages transformative solutions that promote equity, inclusivity, and sustainability. It invites scholars, researchers, and decision-makers to reimagine migration governance and climate adaptation strategies, ensuring that gender equity remains at the heart of global efforts to build a just and resilient future.

Der Begriff der Erfahrung hat in der abendländischen Ideengeschichte eine lange Tradition. Auslegung und Verständnis des Erfahrungsbegriffs gehen dabei weit auseinander. Dem Vertrauen in Erfahrung als auch wissenschaftliche Evidenz und Zugang zur Welt stehen fundamentale Zweifel in die wissenschaftliche Aussagekraft von Erfahrung gegenüber. Der vorliegende Band lotet Aspekte von Erfahrung für die Erziehungswissenschaft und Bildungsforschung in unterschiedlichen Perspektiven aus. Welche Potenziale birgt der Erfahrungsbegriff für pädagogisches Denken und Handeln, welche Grenzen sind ihm gesetzt?

Among the corporate crimes of Title XI, Book V of the Italian Civil Code, the cases in point for the protection of the share capital have not enjoyed enough attention in the legal literature over the years. Even after the entry into force of Legislative Decree 11 April 2002, n. 61, containing the "Discipline of criminal and administrative offences concerning commercial companies", the attention on de quibus indictments was episodic, probably because the reflection of the majority of the interpreters was often polarised on false social communications. Gianfranco Martiello's study, having set the essential premises on the nature and relevant functions that the share capital performs both for the company and for third parties, has the aim of offering an overview of its criminal protection system, questioning the political-criminal choices of the reformer, the delicate coordination with the subsequent civil legislation of the Italian S.p.A. and highlighting continuity and discontinuity with respect to the previous criminal law.

Civic Spaces and Desire presents an original and critical appraisal of civic spaces for a novel theoretical intersection of architecture and human geography. The authors address civic spaces that embody a strong moral code, such as a remembrance park or a casino, in various places in the United Kingdom, Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. The consecutive chapters of the book present these chosen spaces as the interconnection between the everyday and the ideological. By doing so the book reimagines the socio-political effects of the countercultural assemblages and ontologies of difference that these spaces produce, represent and foster, as presented through outcasts and nomads of various kinds and forms. The book reflects on different interpretations of the key texts from primarily post-linguistic theoreticians, such as Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and Jacques Derrida. It will benefit students and academics in architecture, geography, philosophy and urban studies and planning, who seek to understand the politics of space, place and civility. By deconstructing normative ideological constructs, the book uses the concept of desire to explore the tensions between expectations of civic spaces and the disappointment and wonder of their immanent existence.

In Bildungsdebatten spielen historische Argumente eine wichtige Rolle. Die Beiträge des Bandes fokussieren explizite und implizite argumentative Bezugnahmen auf „das Historische“ in unterschiedlichen thematischen, räumlichen und zeitlichen Bildungsreformkontexten. Ihr Spektrum reicht vom deutschen Humanismus um 1500 über Debatten zur Schulreform des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts und bildungspolitische Ambitionen in Sozialen Bewegungen bis zu aktuellen erinnerungs- und geschichtspolitischen Diskursen. Aus verschiedenen methodologischen Perspektiven wird beleuchtet, wie und als was „das Historische“ im argumentativen Geflecht erscheint.

The here collected contributions relating to the 46th International Conference of the Representation Disciplines Teachers, organized jointly by Sapienza University of Rome, Roma Tre University, and San Raffaele Roma University, aim to offer the scientific community a reflection on the theoretical and methodological aspects related to the concept of èkphrasis, a term that, in the field of representation, concerns descriptive, analogical, and digital activities that generate new knowledge in several areas of application. The Conference aims to place at the center of the discussion an interpretation of the concept of research that, without neglecting an idea of study, protection, and enhancement of environmental and cultural heritage, focuses on the needs of contemporary society and its possible developments, making use of innovative theoretical, methodological, and operational activities, including those characterized by an interdisciplinary approach. According to this interpretation, research can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the definition and testing of experimental proposals aimed at exploring new areas of investigation: this opens up imaginative and utopian perspectives in the relationship between the sciences, the arts, and the disciplines that contribute to common goals, through the experimentation of methods, techniques, and languages for conceiving, prefiguring, designing, and representing.

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This book proposes a conception of social justice according to international human rights law. Social rights include everyday rights such as housing, food, fuel and social security. Drawing on extensive research with frontline practitioners, the book frames access to social justice as a journey that should end with the realisation of an effective remedy. It highlights discourses that marginalise and disempower rights holders and reclaims the narrative around social rights as legal rights. This is a unique contribution to our understanding of access to social justice from a social rights perspective complete with key recommendations for policy and practice.

Pile dwellings have been explored over a vast region for a number of decades now. This has led to the development of different ways, methods, and even schools of under-water and peat-bog excavation practices and data analysis techniques under the influence of different research traditions in individual countries. On the one hand, these and other factors can limit our understanding of the past, whilst on the other hand they can also open up further avenues of interpretation. By collecting the papers presented at the 2016 session of the EAA in Vilnius, this book aims to take this diversity as an opportunity. The geographical scope extends from the Baltic to Russia, Belarus, Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Croatia, Greece, Germany, Austria and Switzerland to France. The volume thus provides a current insight into international research into life in and around a vast array of prehistoric waterscapes. Extensive multidisciplinary research carried out in recent years has provided new data with regard to the anthropogenic influence on the landscapes around Neolithic and Bronze Age pile dwellings, which allows us to characterise in more detail the lifestyles of the settlements’ inhabitants, the peculiarities of the ecological niche and the interaction between humans and their environment. The volume also contains various case studies that demonstrate the importance of scientific analyses for the study of settlements between land and water. Overall, the volume presents an important new body of data and international perspectives on the settlement of European waterscapes.

Indian Names in Michigan traces the origin of hundreds of place-names given to counties, towns, lakes, rivers, and topographical features of the Great Lakes State. These melodic names that enrich our appreciation for the romantic past of our state record the culture and history of both the American Indian and the white settler. Most of the Indian names borne by Michigan's cities, counties, lakes, and rivers are those of Indian tribes and individuals. Settlers named places not only fro the resident tribes, but also for tribes in the West that they had never seen. Indian Names in Michigan is written for all local history enthusiasts and anyone interested in Indian history and culture

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a branch of phototherapy that has seen a surge of interest in the last few decades, due to its potential in the treatment of various cancers, infections and heart disease.(Bonnett, 2000) This chapter aims to give an overview of the various photochemical steps involved in PDT as a cancer therapy, and in particular the challenges and insight gained from their theoretical description. After a brief review of PDT in general, in a biological and chemical context, the photochemical steps involved will be discussed, detailing the computational techniques required to model these chemical pathways theoretically. We will detail the methodologies that can currently be applied, as well as their limitations of use at present, and areas requiring further development.

Can cultural heritage be adequately protected vis-à-vis economic globalization? This book investigates whether and how international economic law governs cultural phenomena by mapping the relevant legal framework, discussing the relevant disputes concerning cultural elements adjudicated before international economic ‘courts’ (namely the World Trade Organization adjudicative bodies and investment treaty arbitral tribunals), and proposing legal methods to reconcile cultural and economic interests. It thus provides a comprehensive evaluation of possible solutions, including evolution of the law through treaty interpretation and reforms, to improve the balance between economic governance and cultural policy objectives.