Education & Pedagogy

This article on inclusive education proposes a continuum of "explicit" to "implicit" instructional approaches, which expresses a range of amounts of teacher assistance provided and levels of expected student responsibility for learning. Research on such a continuum is reviewed and implications are drawn for instructional design in reading and mathematics and for teacher education. (DB)

Examines the legal and ethical framework within which the National Center for Education Statistics must work to resolve the tensions between obligations to disclose information and obligations to protect confidentiality. Discusses some approaches to reconciling the sometimes conflicting demands of applicable legal and ethical guidelines. (164 footnotes) (MLF)

This exploratory study used interviews, essays, and survey data to examine efforts of 212 college students studying elementary education to think reflectively through the process of constructing portfolios based on their experiences in a community service-learning program. Recommendations include encouraging student ownership and individual expression and providing some structured aspects to balance the open-ended nature of portfolios. (Author/DB)

Examines the factors leading to the creation of Kentucky's Louisville Municipal College for Negroes and the black community's use of political power to achieve educational gains in the early decades of the 20th century. Three historical developments involving black education in Louisville are examined in order to better explain the college's existence and purpose. (GR)

Examines the philosophical dichotomy between liberal conceptions of social integration and secular culture and the rights and demands of religious cultural groups. Finds an acceptable middle ground in the ideas of tolerance and respect. Recommends educational objectives promoting democratic citizenship, cross-cultural understanding, and specific cultural attachment. (MJP)

Describes a project where an exemplary art educator's class presentation was recorded on videodisk along with background information and a personal interview. The lesson plan and other instructional materials are entered in hypertext. The two are combined in an integrated multimedia program organized under instructive, hypertext headings. (MJP)

Argues that both religion and the arts provide primary evidence for understanding human history. Maintains that the marginalization of both subjects denies students insights into some of the fundamental subjective experiences of humankind. Provides a few examples of the interconnection between the arts and religion. (MJP)

Presents a comprehensive examination of the development of postindependent Malaysia's education policies. Compulsory education combined with sustained economic growth has produced a literate and upwardly mobile Malay population. Preferential policies for the Malays, however, have resulted in increased stratification and inequality among the Chinese and Indian populations. (MJP)

Examines the efforts, in four European countries, to increase the professionalization of teacher training. France recently elevated the status of teachers to civil servants and strengthened certification procedures. Germany retains a high degree of academic excellence and professional training. England and Wales have increased local autonomy and decentralized professional training. (MJP)

Examines transfer of the college credit allocation system, prevalent in American higher education, into a Chinese context. Case study of use of the credit system at Shenzhen University, southern China, indicates that cultural, environmental, and structural factors contribute to the transfer's ineffectiveness. Specialization and narrow curriculum are likely to continue, unaffected by the credit system. Contains 73 references. (SV)

Identifies similarities and differences in the French and British models of colonial education in sub-Saharan Africa. Draws on the statements of policymakers in official reports and government studies to highlight the "signposts" of colonial educational policy--phrases referring to policy goals and to moral claims and cultural assumptions underlying colonial practices. Contains 33 references. (SV)

Analysis of higher education enrollments in the United States and United Kingdom in 1970-87 found that the divorce rate is positively related to women's enrollment in the United States, and unemployment is positively related to enrollment for men, but not for women, in both the United States and the United Kingdom. These and related policy issues are examined for the two areas. (Author/MSE)

Examples are offered of programs at the Cooper Union (New York) in which liberal and professional education, arts, and sciences are brought together. Included are a study trip to Rome to examine historical design as manifested in 17th-century art and architecture, a seminar on the mutual influence of words and images, and three capstone seminars on science and art. (MSE)

A study investigated the effects on students' nonverbal intelligence of implementing an approach to higher education based on Vedic science, developed by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and including transcendental meditation. The approach was implemented in two Cambodian universities and its effects assessed in 70 undergraduate students. An increase in student problem-solving ability was found. (Author/MSE)

Reports findings from a survey of 215 reentry education providers in 3 Australian states. Few providers possess formal qualifications in adult education, but most are favorably disposed toward working with reentry students. Such students were perceived to have high academic success rates, but also high withdrawal rates. Recommendations are made for enhancing student success. (17 references) (MLH)