Generative AI and Middle Managers: Exploring Bottom-Up Innovation and Organizational Tensions Through Activity Theory

Overview & Synopsis

This research explores how Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) transforms the roles and competencies of middle managers. Grounded in activity theory, it examines organizational tensions, particularly between Bottom-Up innovation and centralized governance. A qualitative methodology, based on 60 semi-structured interviews conducted across large enterprises, medium-sized enterprises, and small businesses, investigates these dynamics in diverse contexts.Preliminary findings reveal that middle managers play a pivotal role in adopting GAI, often bypassing formal frameworks through Shadow IT. They are emerging as facilitators of change, requiring enhanced human and conceptual skills to interpret AI tools and manage organizational tensions effectively.This research proposes practical recommendations to balance innovation with compliance while strengthening the role of middle managers in technological transitions. Feedback is sought on analysing tensions, identifying managerial competencies, and ensuring the transferability of results.