Electromagnetic particles

Overview & Synopsis

The covariant derivative of the 4-components electromagnetic potential in a flat Minkowski space-time is split into its antisymmetric and symmetric parts. While the former is well known to describe the electromagnetic field, we show that the latter describes the associated particles. When symmetry principles are applied to the invariants in operations of the Poincaré group, one finds equations which describe the structure of the particles. Both parts of the tensor unify the concept of matter-wave duality. Charge and mass are shown to be associated to the potential.