Evidence of altitudinal increase in photosynthetic capacity:gas exchange measurements at ambient and constant CO2 partial pressures

Overview & Synopsis

Because all microclimatic variables change with elevation, it is difficult to compare plant performance and especially photosynthetic capacity at different elevations. Indeed, most previous studies investigated photosynthetic capacity of low- and high-elevation plants using constant temperature, humidity and light but varying CO2 partial pressures (PCO2). * Using gas exchange measurements, we compared here maximum assimilation rates (Amax) at ambient and constant-low-elevation PCO2 for two temperate tree species along an altitudinal gradient (100 to 1600 m) in the Pyrénées mountains.* Significant differences in Amax were observed between the CO2 partial pressure treatments for elevations above 600 m, the between-treatment differences increasing with elevation up to 4 μmol m−2 s−1. We found an increase in Amax with increasing elevation at constant-low-elevation PCO2 but not at ambient PCO2 for both species. Given a 10% change in PCO2, a proportionally higher shift in maximum assimilation rate was found for both species. * Our results showed that high elevation populations had higher photosynthetic capacity and therefore demonstrated that trees coped with extreme environmental conditions by a combination of adaptation (genetic evolution) and of acclimation. Our study also highlighted the importance of using constant CO2 partial pressure to assess plant adaptation at different elevations.