Technological Pathways for Hydrogen Production in Brazil (Gaseous, Liquid, Solid, and Hybrid): Economic Feasibility, Regulatory Challenges, and Certification in Dialogue with International Experiences

Overview & Synopsis

ABSTRACTThe growing demand for sustainable energy sources has sparked global interest in hydrogen as a strategic vectorfor decarbonization, particularly in countries with high renewable potential, such as Brazil. In this context, thepresent study adopted a qualitative and applied research approach, employing bibliographic and documentaryprocedures, with an emphasis on official sources, up-to-date information, reports from internationalorganizations, and the analysis of 47 peer-reviewed scientific articles specializing in the topic. The primaryobjective was to investigate the main challenges and opportunities for the consolidation of the hydrogen economyin Brazil, with a focus on technological pathways, economic feasibility, and certification mechanisms. Thefindings indicate that the adoption of a hydrogen-based economy in Brazil requires collaborative actions betweenthe public and private sectors, as well as the establishment of regulatory frameworks that ensure predictability and legal certainty. The achievement of a more sustainable and resilient energy matrix depends, above all, on theintegration of technological innovations, financial incentives, and engagement strategies within the internationalcontext—factors that were thoroughly examined in this research.Keywords: hydrogen, energy matrix, collaborative actions, certification mechanisms.