Science & Mathematics

Inklyuziv ta’lim bugungi ta’lim siyosatining va amaliyotining markaziy tamoyillaridan biri sifatida qabul qilin­moqda; u barcha bolalarning, jumladan, maxsus ta’limiy ehtiyojlari bo‘lgan shaxslarning ham sifatli ta’lim olish huquqini ta’minlashga qaratilgan xalqaro tamoyildir. Darhaqiqat, inklyuziv tamoyilni faqat huquqiy hujjatlar dara­jasida emas, balki kundalik pedagogik amaliyot va maktab madaniyatida ham tizimli amalga oshirish zarur. Inklyuziv ta’limning muvaffaqiyati ko‘p jihatdan o‘qituvchilarning roli va ularning professional tayyorgarligiga bog‘liq ekanligi ko‘rsatildi

Each row represents a secondary data source (e.g., reports, presentations, webinars, webpages) and includes metadata such as topic, source type, data format, size (pages or slides), and duration (minutes for video material). Topics are taken from the original source descriptions and reflect key empirical themes, including trust architecture (e.g., Trust Layer, LLM Gateway), governance reconfiguration, agentic and assistive AI services (Agentforce), model orchestration, low-code GenAI tooling (Agent Studio), and GenAI service and acquisition announcement context. The dataset does not contain proprietary, confidential, or personal data. It serves as a transparent record of the secondary data corpus underlying the study and enables replication.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston qishloq xo‘jaligi tarmog‘ida kapital qo‘yilmalar hajmining o‘sishi, ularning tarmoq samaradorligiga ta’siri hamda investitsion faoliyatning milliy iqtisodiyotdagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot 2024 yil statistik ma’lumotlari asosida olib borilib, kapital qo‘yilmalar va qishloq xo‘jaligi hosildorligi o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik empirik jihatdan asoslab berilgan. Investitsiyalarning texnik modernizatsiya, irrigatsiya infratuzilmasi, qayta ishlash sanoati va agrotexnologiyalar rivojiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri alohida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Olingan natijalar kapital qo‘yilmalarning qishloq xo‘jaligi tarmog‘ida barqaror o‘sish, mahsuldorlikni oshirish va resurslardan samarali foydalanishni ta’minlashdagi muhim omil ekanini ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada kapital qo‘yilmalar samaradorligini oshirishga oid ilmiy asoslangan taklif va tavsiyalar ham bayon etilgan.

El videojuego es un medio de expresión fundamentalmentetranscultural (Consalvo, 2016:20). La composición de sus reglas dejuego, de género y temas es una mezcla de las sensibilidades dediversos países, que se han hibridado y juntado desde sus orígenes,un ejemplo de ello es la producción de títulos en Japón. Losvideojuegos de rol japoneses, JRPG (japanese role playing game)(Consalvo, 2016:97) y su variante AJRPG (action japanese roleplaying game), comprendidos como una de las formas de videojuegomás características de Japón, parten de mezclar el anime nipón, comobase artística, con las bases jugables del estadounidense Wizardry:Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord (Sir-Tech, 1980), título que a su vezse inspira en el rol de lápiz y papel Dungeons & Dragons (TacticalStudies Rules, 1974). Además de con Wizardry, las formas de losJRPG originales también se fijaron en las dinámicas y diseño demundo del inglés Ultima III (Origin Systems, 1983). Richard Garriott,su autor, declaró haberse inspirado para su creación en el trabajo desu compatriota J.R.R. Tolkien.

Ushbu maqolada ishlab chiqarish korxonalarida marketing strategiyasini takomillashtirishning zamonaviy yo‘nalishlari va ularning iqtisodiy samaradorlikka ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida marketing strategiyasi korxonaning raqobatbardoshligini oshirish, mijozlar ehtiyojini chuqur o‘rganish va innovatsion mahsulotlarni targ‘ib qilishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Tadqiqotda SWOT-tahlil, raqamli marketing va brend boshqaruvi yondashuvlarining qo‘llanishi tahlil qilinib, marketing strategiyasini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi.

This article studies the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of techno-aesthetic culture in students, the methodological support for the development of techno-aesthetic culture in students on the example of philosophical disciplines, the effectiveness of the development of techno-aesthetic culture in students on the basis of philosophical disciplines. Also, the theoretical aspects of the development of techno-aesthetic culture in students are analyzed

Mahallada aholining tadbirkorlik faoliyati orqali o‘zini o‘zi band qilishining hozirgi holati atroflicha tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot jarayonida kichik biznes, oilaviy tadbirkorlik va yakka tartibdagi mehnat faoliyatining aholi bandligini ta’minlashdagi ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Shuningdek, tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirishga ta’sir etuvchi iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va institutsional omillar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Davlat tomonidan amalga oshirilayotgan qo‘llab-quvvatlash mexanizmlari, imtiyozlar va moliyaviy resurslardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari tahlil etilgan. Maqola xulosalari mahalla darajasida bandlikni oshirish va aholi farovonligini ta’minlashga qaratilgan amaliy takliflarni ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Invasive species present significant threats to global agriculture, although how the magnitude and distribution of the threats vary between countries and regions remains unclear. Here, we present an analysis of almost 1,300 known invasive insect pests and pathogens, calculating the total potential cost of these species invading each of 124 countries of the world, as well as determining which countries present the greatest threat to the rest of the world given their trading partners and incumbent pool of invasive species. We find that countries vary in terms of potential threat from invasive species and also their role as potential sources, with apparently similar countries sometimes varying markedly depending on specifics of agricultural commodities and trade patterns. Overall, the biggest agricultural producers (China and the United States) could experience the greatest absolute cost from further species invasions. However, developing countries, in particular, Sub-Saharan African countries, appear most vulnerable in relative terms. Furthermore, China and the United States represent the greatest potential sources of invasive species for the rest of the world. The analysis reveals considerable scope for ongoing redistribution of known invasive pests and highlights the need for international cooperation to slow their spread.

This proposed law mandates that every line item in the General Appropriation Act be assigned a single primary accountable public official responsible for the success or failure of each project, program, or activity, with clear rules for accountability across national and local government units. By explicitly identifying who proposed or inserted each budget item and extending documented accountability to relevant professionals, the measure aims to deter ghost, incomplete, and substandard projects and strengthen transparency and public trust in government spending.

Device-to-device (D2D) communication and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) are well-known as two promising technologies for nextgeneration cellular communication networks. D2D users operate on the same spectrum as traditional cellular users, potentially leading to increased interference and reduced efficiency in frequency resource usage. RIS provides a remedy for clearing blocked signals from obstructions by reflecting the desired signals to the intended receiver. However, RIS elements reflect not only the desired signals but also the interference signals. This paper proposes a distance-based clustering method aimed at creating a grouping algorithm for neighboring D2D users using different channels, thereby reducing co-channel interference. The simulation indicates that the proposed clustering method for D2D users' equipment (DUEs) leads to a 0.72 dB increase in signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), enhances throughput to 11.25 Mbps, and reduces the bit error rate by up to 24×10⁻² compared to the baseline system. The study findings also indicate that cellular users' equipment (CUEs) experience satisfactory signal quality, even with the presence of DUEs on the cellular network. Our clustering algorithm is feasible to deploying D2D densely in RIS-aided cellular network without significantly affecting CUE performance.

Cardiocondyla elegans var. eleonorae Forel 1911 [types investigated]This taxon has been described from Smyrna (Izmir) in Turkey. Investigated were four worker syntypes, labelled “ C.e. var. eleonorae Forel, type, Plage de Cocarimali pr. Smyrne”, MHN Genève.All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were taken in 40 samples with 102 workers from Bulgaria (8 samples), Greece (3), North Makedonia (1), Turkey (27) and unknown locality (1). For details see supplementary information SI1, SI2. One fully typical worker specimen of Cardiocondyla bulgarica was placed by Cedric Collingwood together with 2 workers of C. nigra into a tube labelled “ 30 km S of Medenine / Tunisia ”. Whereas the occurrence of C. nigra at this locality is certainly a matter of fact, it appears impossible that a Balkan-Turkish ant, not showing any tramp species properties, might occur in small village in the Sahara Desert. The most probable reason for this disturbing observation is that Collingwood transferred the C. bulgarica worker after side-by-side stereomicroscopic comparison with unmounted specimens from other localities into a wrong tube.Geographic range. C. bulgarica is so far only known from a comparably small area in the S Balkans and Asia Minor but it is the most abundant Cardiocondyla species in this region. The findings range from the 21.7°E to 41.1°E, 36.2°N to 42.6°N and from sea level up to 1800 m.Diagnosis: --Worker (Tab. 2, Figs. 42–45, key; images CASENT0179879, CASENT0904462, CASENT0908338, and CASENT0908339 in www.antweb.org). Medium-sized, CS 512 µm. Head much elongated, CL/CW 1.201. Postocular distance very large, PoOc/CL 0.451. Scape moderately long, SL/CS 0.809. Eye medium-sized, EYE/ CS 0.240. Median third of hind margin of head straight or slightly concave. Frons broad (FRS/CS 0.260), frontal carinae immediately caudal of FRS level usually parallel, sometimes slightly diverging, rarely converging (FL/FR 1.007). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a well-developed metanotal depression (MGr/CS 3.32 %). Spines rather short (SP/CS 0.112), usually triangular in lateral view with the spine axis deviating 42° from longitudinal mesosomal axis; spine bases widely distant, SPBA/CS 0.279. Petiole very wide and as high as wide (PeW/CS 0.338, PeH/CS 0.337), its node wider than long, in profile with a moderately long peduncle that is about 1.6fold as long as high and with a rather steep anterior slope of the node (about 63° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole relatively wide and high (PpW/CS 0.557, PpH/CS 0.311) but only 1.65fold as wide as petiole and not heart-shaped in dorsal view; postpetiolar sternite with weak anteromedian bulge. Clypeus rather smooth, weak lateral carinulae and suggestions of foveolae may be present. Frontal laminae, area posterior of frontal lobes and genae finely longitudinally carinulate-rugulose. Vertex with shallow but well-demarcated foveolae of 17.0 µm mean diameter; interspaces about as wide as foveolae, glabrous and with fragments of very fine stickman-like structures (Fig. 45). Mesosoma in overall impression more or less glabrous, only with very delicate reticular structures; promesonotum with scattered, shallow foveolae; meso- and metapleurae with suggestions of longitudinal carinulae. Waist segments smooth and shiny. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on gaster tergites short and dilute, PLG/CS 5.66 %, sqPDG 5.02. Head usually medium brown with a warm yellowish tinge, sometimes dark brown. Mesosoma and petiole varying between yellow and medium brown, but warm yellowish tinge even in darkest specimens always visible. Postpetiole yellowish brown to dark brown. Gaster dark brown. Pigmentation contrast between dorsal head and mesosoma usually clearly expressed, PigCap/PigMes 1.38 ±0.24 [1.0,2.0].Taxonomic comments and clustering results. On the nest sample level and without selection among all 17 available NUMOBAT characters, 40 samples of Cardiocondyla bulgarica are separable from 48 samples of the similar species C. sahlbergi and C. persiana by five exploratory data analyses with a mean error of 0.45% (Fig. 137). All type specimens of C. bulgarica and C. eleonorae were allocated by a LDA to the C. bulgarica cluster with p> 0.999.Biology. Cardiocondyla bulgarica seems to use a wider habitat spectrum than other species. It was found in xerothermous grasslands, a sandy salt marsh, a forest-covered stream course and in a woodland-steppe with Pinus.

Анотація: Мета. Мета статті полягає у теоретичному обґрунтуванні суті практико-орієнтованого підходу як основи професійної підготовки майбутніх учителів хімії, уточненні його понятійно-методологічних засад та визначенні ролі цього підходу у формуванні професійної компетентності готовності майбутніх педагогів до педагогічної діяльності в умовах модернізації вищої педагогічної освіти. Методи. У дослідженні використано комплекс теоретичних методів наукового пізнання: аналіз, синтез, узагальнення та систематизацію вітчизняних і зарубіжних науково-педагогічних джерел з проблеми реалізації практико-орієнтованого підходу в професійній підготовці майбутніх учителів хімії; ретроспективний і порівняльний аналіз філософських та педагогічних ідей щодо співвідношення теорії й практики в освіті; аналіз нормативно-правових документів, що регламентують професійну діяльність і підготовку вчителя; теоретичне моделювання для уточнення сутності, структурних складників і концептуальних засад реалізації практико-орієнтованого підходу як цілісної системи професійної підготовки майбутніх учителів хімії. Результати. Встановлено, що практико-орієнтований підхід доцільно розглядати як цілісний спосіб організації освітнього процесу та професійно спрямованого освітнього середовища, який забезпечує інтеграцію теоретичної хімічної, психолого-педагогічної й методичної підготовки з практичною діяльністю. Доведено, що його реалізація на засадах поєднання практико-орієнтованого, компетентнісного, діяльнісного, контекстного та технологічного підходів а також ідеї навчання через досвід Д. Колба, сприяє поетапному формуванню професійних компетентностей, педагогічної рефлексії, професійної ідентичності, розвитку критичного мислення й внутрішньої мотивації, а також трансформації навчальної діяльності у професійну. Висновки. Обґрунтовано, що практико-орієнтований підхід є системоутворювальним елементом професійної підготовки майбутнього вчителя хімії та відповідає сучасним освітнім пріоритетам, забезпечуючи узгодження професійної підготовки майбутнього вчителя з вимогами реальної педагогічної практики.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) The management of non-native invasive species is a complex but crucial task given the potential for economic and environmental damages. For many invasions the development of socially optimal control strategies requires more than is offered by the single-species, single-control models that have dominated this area of research. We develop a general stochastic optimal control framework that accommodates multiple interacting species while accounting for uncertainty in the temporal population dynamics. This extension to the current line of bioeconomic control models allows for the design of optimal integrated pest management strategies that utilize both chemical and biological controls in an environment of uncertainty and irreversibility. We demonstrate the benefits of combining chemical and biological controls in long term management strategies through a case study of the hemlock wooly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation in the eastern United States. In this application we find that the introduction of natural predators is usually sufficient to manage the infestation, though chemical insecticides can play an important role when detection of the infestation is delayed or when the biological control agent does not sufficiently increase mortality of the invasive species.