Science & Mathematics

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

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The security of lives and properties remains a fundamental and constitutional responsibility of the state. This has however taken a different dimension in recent years, following the upsurge of terrorism and insurgency in the Northeast of Nigeria and beyond. The attacks on Nigerians particularly, the people in the Northeast by the Islamist Sect called Boko Haram, has continued to wreck havocs on the security and peaceful coexistence of the various tribes and culture that constitute the Nigeria body polity. To this end, this paper examined state response to terrorism and insurgency in the North-east of Nigeria and how it has affected development in the region. The study adopted the secondary method of data collection, derived from Journals, Textbooks, Mimeographs, Newspapers, and Publications by Governmental and Non-Governmental institutions. Findings revealed the impact of state response to the activities of Bokoharam insurgency and terrorism in Nigeria. Its socio-economic and political effect such as, the closure of businesses and the non-conduct of elections in some parts of the areas affected amongst others. furthermore, the study recommends some ways to mitigated, through proper collaboration with the relevant security apparatuses. It also canvassed the need for government to ensure justice and equity in the handling of state affairs at all times, to avoid feelings of deprivation and inequality in the system. Finally, the study highlighted the over haul of some of the intelligence and information-sharing and communication strategies as a veritable tool for fighting the upsurge of Boko-Haram Sects in Nigeria. Keywords: Terrorism, Insurgency, State, Boko-haram, Insecurity

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

Paramormia furcata (Kincaid)Fig. 2FPericoma furcatus Kincaid, 1899: 34. Type locality USA (Washington, Pullman).Pericoma trialbawhoria Haseman, 1907: 306. Type locality USA (Missouri, Columbia).Psychoda annulipes Johnson, 1913: 43. Type locality USA (Florida).Psychoda autumnalis Banks, 1914: 127. Type locality USA (Washington, D. C.)Pericoma littoralis Dyar, 1926: 107. Type locality USA (California).Telmatoscopus furcatus: Quate 1955: 169 (redescription, taxonomic history).Duckhousiella furcata: Vaillant 1973: 349; Quate 1996: 36.Paramormia furcata: Ibañez-Bernal 2008: 96.First record from Uruguay. 2♀ Bella Unión, 30°15'22"S; 57°36'15"W, 8 December 2013. 1♂ Paysandú, 32°17'49"S; 58° 3'54"W, 15 April 2015. 1♀ Isla Rica, 30°31'60"S; 57°52'60"W, 13 November 1978. 1♀ Villa Constitución, 31°04’02"S; 57°51’04"W, 17 May 1980.Remarks. The species can be identified by the spot pattern on the wing, and the shape of the female subgenital plate (Figure 2F). Male and female characteristics are presented in detail in Ibañez-Bernal (2008). A discussion on the generic status of the species in the neotropical region is presented in Bravo & Souza (2008). P. furcata is distributed in Canada (British Columbia), USA, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Brazil, being the only known Paramormia species occuring in the neotropics (Ibañez-Bernal 2008).

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U. scabra Miller (U. montana Stokes, U. glabra Hudson) Cat. 318. l: Martigny-Combe (J.); Outre-Rhone (J., Garns).- 2:Daillon (J.). - 3a:Gabi;Gondoschlucht; Gondo und Umgebung; Belleggen (alles: Becherer).

Urbanization's Strain on Water Resources: A Critical Analysis of Sasaram City, Bihar's Water Management Crisis Dr. Saddam Hussain1 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, S.B College, V.K.S.U, Ara, Bhojpur MD. Ramzan 2 Research Scholar, Department of Geography, S.B College, V.K.S.U, Ara Bhojpur ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Research Paper Received: 01.06.25 Accepted:28.06.25 Published: 30/06/25 Keywords: Urbanization, Water Management, Sasaram, Infrastructure, Water Scarcity This paper examines the growing water management crisis in Sasaram, Bihar, resulting from rapid urbanization and inadequate infrastructure. It highlights the significant challenges the city faces, including water scarcity, contamination, and socio-economic disparities in access. By analyzing data from household surveys, key informant interviews, GIS mapping, and a Water Stress Index, the study identifies critical gaps in water supply and infrastructure. The paper presents both immediate crisis management solutions and long-term policy recommendations, emphasizing the need for sustainable water management practices, infrastructure upgrades, and equitable access to water. The findings provide insights into addressing water crises in medium-sized Indian cities and suggest strategies for effective governance and community involvement.

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Kok, Philippe J R, van der Velden, Milan A J, Means, D Bruce, Ratz, Sebastian, Josipovic, Iván, Boone, Matthieu, McDiarmid, Roy W (2020): Coping with the extremes: comparative osteology of the tepui-associated toad Oreophrynella and its bearing on the evolution of osteological novelties in the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (1): 114-139, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz172, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/1/114/5775545

This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the procedure for applying administrative penalties in the Republic of Uzbekistan and ways to improve it. The legal basis of the system of administrative penalties, existing problems and their causes are considered. Also, based on the experience of foreign countries, proposals have been developed for modernizing the system through digitalization, transparency, and advanced training of employees. The article emphasizes the stages of implementing reforms and their compliance with the interests of citizens and the state.