Open Access Books

This book begins with a description of coinfections in medicine and their importance and then discusses some samples of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic coinfections in human and nonhuman organisms. The role of coinfections in diseases ranging from nosocomial infections to cervical cancer is also debated. We hope that it will be helpful to all our readers who are researching and curious about coinfections.

Understanding the governance of complex social-ecological systems is vital in a world faced with rapid environmental change, conflicts over dwindling natural resources, stark disparities between rich and poor and the crises of sustainability. Improved understanding is also essential to promote governance approaches that are underpinned by justice and equity principles and that aim to reduce inequality and benefit the most marginalised sectors of society. This book is concerned with enhancing the understanding of governance in relation to social justice and environmental sustainability across a range of natural resource sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. By examining governance across various sectors, it reveals the main drivers that influence the nature of governance, the principles and norms that shape it, as well as the factors that constrain or enable achievement of justice and sustainability outcomes. The book also illuminates the complex relationships that exist between various governance actors at different scales, and the reality and challenge of plural legal systems in much of Sub-Saharan Africa. The book comprises 16 chapters, 12 of them case studies recounting experiences in the forest, wildlife, fisheries, conservation, mining and water sectors of diverse countries: Madagascar, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Cameroon.Through insights from these studies, the book seeks to draw lessons from the praxis of natural resource governance in Sub-Saharan Africa and to contribute to debates on how governance can be strengthened and best configured to meet the needs of the poor, in a way that is both socially just and ecologically sustainable.

History is full of examples of how the skilful use of language is a fundamental aspect of charismatic leadership. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been studied focusing on oratory skills. The book argues that the relationship between a leader and a follower has points of similarity to that which exists between a writer and a reader, and that in each case, former party is the agenda setter, but satisfactory outcomes require a mutual endeavor. Given that scholarly writing about management and organizations is inevitably a mix of the presentation of empirical truths and value judgements, the ability to engage the reader intellectually and emotionally is critical in the successful dissemination of disciplinary knowledge and belief claims. The book proposes a multi-faceted construct of textual charisma which is created through the use of metaphors, stories and personal accounts as well as the ancient construct of pistis and the contemporary notion of metadiscourse. The proposed framework provides guidance for management and organization studies’ authors seeking to present themselves as convincing and engaging writers.

La formación a través de las didácticas académicas en la formación de ingenieros permite aplicar conceptos técnicos, teorías, teoremas y fórmulas de una forma diferente y agradable para los estudiantes que ven en estos ejercicios de simulación, un acercamiento a la industria real. Las didácticas académicas en la formación de ingenieros están orientadas a simular los procesos de producción, los sistemas de información, los indicadores de gestión, los modelos, las superficies de trabajo y otras actividades industriales, con un grado de complejidad acorde al avance académico de los grupos a los que particularmente van dirigidos. El objetivo principal es realizar los ejercicios, identificar y proponer mejoras a los procesos y repetir las didácticas aplicando los mejoramientos propuestos, analizando los resultados en términos de incremento de la productividad, donde se evidencie con claridad el aumento de los niveles de satisfacción de los clientes (internos – externos), se logren mejores estándares en los indicadores de gestión, se aumente la integración de los trabajadores en un entorno ergonómico más adecuado y reflejen resultados en los niveles de clima laboral.

Mathematical Modeling describes a process and an object by use of the mathematical language. A process or an object is presented in a "pure form" in Mathematical Modeling when external perturbations disturbing the study are absent. Computer simulation is a natural continuation of the Mathematical Modeling. Computer simulation can be considered as a computer experiment which corresponds to an experiment in the real world. Such a treatment is rather related to numerical simulations. Symbolic simulations yield more than just an experiment. Mathematical Modeling of stochastic processes is based on the probability theory, in particular, that leads to using of random walks, Monte Carlo methods and the standard statistics tools. Symbolic simulations are usually realized in the form of solution to equations in one unknown, to a system of linear algebraic equations, both ordinary and partial differential equations (ODE and PDE). Various mathematical approaches to stability are discussed in courses of ODE and PDE.

Biochar has emerged as a versatile and sustainable material at the intersection of agriculture, environmental management, and climate change mitigation. Derived from the thermochemical conversion of biomass, biochar offers unique physicochemical properties that support enhancing soil fertility, improving nutrient use efficiency, sequestering carbon, immobilizing pollutants, and enhancing ecosystem resilience. Biochar – Applications in Agriculture and Environment provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of biochar science, bridging production technologies, functional modification, mechanistic understanding, and real-world applications. The volume explores biochar-based solutions for smart and climate-resilient agriculture, waste valorization, soil remediation, plant nutrition, and disease management, while also highlighting advanced analytical tools and emerging technological integrations. By combining conceptual frameworks with applied perspectives, this book emphasizes how biochar can contribute to sustainable agroecosystems, environmental protection, and circular bioeconomy strategies. Designed for researchers, graduate students, practitioners, and decision-makers, this edited volume offers valuable insights into biochar’s multifunctional role and its potential to address pressing global challenges related to soil degradation, food security, and environmental sustainability.

En el libro se analiza la problemática lógico-filosófica que se da entre los formalismos lógicos y el lenguaje natural, tratando de responder a la pregunta de si es posible formalizar la lógica natural o de sentido común. Se comienza presentando una caracterización de la lógica natural, su primer intento de formalización por J. Piaget y R. García, las limitaciones del mismo, el análisis de los obstáculos epistemológicos que se presentan en su enseñanza mostrando que estos concuerdan con ciertos resultados de la psicología experimental. En los capítulos siguientes se presentan los distintos sistemas formales creados con el objetivo de ampliar el campo de la lógica clásica para dar cuenta de dominios de lenguaje no incluidos en ella. El texto culmina con un capítulo de reflexión filosófica sobre el significado de las constantes lógicas y sobre la problemática de por qué y cómo enseñar lógica.

Robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are powerful forces that will likely have large impacts on the size, direction, and composition of international trade flows. This book discusses how industrial robots, automation, and AI affect international growth, trade, productivity, employment, wages, and welfare. The book explains new approaches on how robots and artificial intelligence affect the world economy by presenting detailed theoretical framework and country-specific as well as firm-product level-specific exercises. This book will be a useful reference for those researching on robots, automation, AI and their economic impacts on trade, industry, and employment.

The twelve studies contained in this volume discuss some key-aspects of citizenship from its emergence in Archaic Greece until the Roman period before AD 212, when Roman citizenship was extended to all the free inhabitants of the Empire. The book explores the processes of formation and re-formation of citizen bodies, the integration of foreigners, the question of multiple-citizenship holders and the political and philosophical thought on ancient citizenship. The aim is that of offering a multidisciplinary approach to the subject, ranging from literature to history and philosophy, as well as encouraging the reader to integrate the traditional institutional and legalistic approach to citizenship with a broader perspective, which encompasses aspects such as identity formation, performative aspect and discourse of citizenship.

Uno de los mecanismos creados por la corona española para controlar el gobierno en América fue la ""visita"". Entre 1606 y 1616 tres oidores de Guadalajara recibieron la encomienda de recorrer la Nueva Galicia con el fin investigar las actuaciones de las autoridades y resolver los principales problemas surgidos entre españoles e indígenas. Para cumplir su misión los oidores visitadores fueron testigos y actores en asuntos relacionados con el gobierno, la ganadería, la agricultura, la minería y ...

The Arab spring, protest movements in the EU, Russia, Turkey or elsewhere, are often labeled as twitter-revolutions. A crucial role is attributed to the new media, coverage of events abroad and ensuing mutual reactions. With the dissemination of print, revolts in early-modern times faced the challenge of a similar media-revolution. This influenced the very face of the events that could become full-fledged propaganda wars once the insurgents had won access to the printing press. But it also had an impact on revolt-narratives. Governments severely persecuted dissident views in such delicate issues as revolts. Observers abroad had no such divided loyalties and were freer to reflect upon the events. Therefore, the book focuses mainly on representations of revolts across borders.

Le colloque pluridisciplinaire tenu à Langres et à Chaumont en 2017 a réuni 24 spécialistes du monachisme cistercien pour se pencher sur les réalités du réseau tissé par Morimond à l’échelle de l’Europe. Fondée vers 1117, à la limite des diocèses de Langres, de Toul et de Besançon, cette fille de Cîteaux essaima à travers toute la chrétienté grâce au dynamisme incessant de ses abbés dont le message trouva un écho auprès des institutions et des fidèles. Prolongeant les travaux de Michel Parisse sur les origines de l’abbaye et l’analyse des vestiges archéologiques trouvés sur le site, l’ouvrage illustre l’importance des sources écrites médiévales et modernes et la fécondité de les croiser avec les données matérielles en variant les angles d’approche. La connaissance des bâtiments abbatiaux, du cloître et de la nécropole en sort précisée et renouvelée. Une attention particulière est portée au rôle des abbés comme Henri de Carinthie au XIIe siècle, Antoine de Bosredon au XVe siècle, ou Jean Coquey au XVIe siècle qui continua à jouer un rôle international malgré les soubresauts de la Réforme. Précisant et complétant les listes d’abbés de la fin du Moyen Âge, l’enquête souligne l’activité de ces hommes en perpétuel mouvement entre les filles de l’Ordre. Gravement touché par les troubles qui secouèrent le continent au XIVe et XVe siècle, il manifesta sa vitalité retrouvée en pratiquant une gestion efficace de son temporel et en menant à bien la reconstruction de nombreux établissements.Cet ouvrage est une référence et un outil de travail indispensable à tout chercheur tourné vers la compréhension de la nébuleuse cistercienne.

La casa del éxodo se basaba en dos momentos de La Casa de España en México, que después se convertiría en El Colegio de México debido no sólo a cambios gubernamentales, sino también a cambios que implicaban una nueva manera de ver las cosas, así como a darle la vuelta a los objetivos planteados en un principio que ya no eran prácticos después de los años transcurridos. De una institución de apoyo económico para los exiliados cuyo destino era la academia, había de convertirse ella misma en una institución académica. En esta segunda edición se incluyen documentos y datos de aquellos que, aunque heterogéneos nos proporcionan una visión más exacta de los problemas que representaba manejar una "casa del éxodo".

The article presents the course of the treatment and improving the treatment of the four-year old boy born with van der Woude syndrome. The combination of the congenital defects that occur in this particular case of the syndrome are the complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate, salivary fistula on the bottom lip and considerable shortening of the tongue frenulum. Anatomical malformations in the child’s facial skeleton disturbed the development of the child’s speech, which in turn influenced his general development. Many years’ process of the boy’s treatment engages various specialists where each of them has played an important role. The crucial roles have been of a surgeon, an orthodontist, a phoniatrist, a laryngologist, a psychologist and a speech therapist. Coordinated cooperation of those specialists facilitates planning and implementing the adequate treatment and speech therapy forms. The progress the child has made proves that the treatment has been right and effective and that in this case the multi-specialist proceedings are necessary.

Some of the texts gathered in this book were produced for the international event "Hellenistic Historiography: new theoretical-methodological approaches", held at DLCV / FFLCH / USP and MAE / USP between September 15 and 16, 2016. Both the event and the book problematize by their formats, the very notion of "Hellenism" in which they are based: both take it in the broad chronological sense as proposed by Droysen in the Vorrede of 1836, that is, a period of antiquity which would extend approximately from the death of Alexander in 323 BC until the founding of Constantinople in 330 BC.