Open Access Books

Homer's stories of Troy are part of the foundations of Western culture. What's less well known is that they also inspired Ottoman-Turkish cultural traditions. Yet even with all the historical and archaeological research into Homer and Troy, most scholars today rely heavily on Western sources, giving Ottoman work in the field short shrift. This book helps right that balance, exploring Ottoman-Turkish involvement and interest in the subject between 1870, when Heinrich Schliemann began his excavations in search of Troy on Ottoman soil, and the battle of Gallipoli in 1915, which gave the Turks their own version of the heroic epic of Troy.

As high-performance computing systems push toward exascale and future zettascale capabilities, their unprecedented architectural complexity, featuring massive core counts, deep memory hierarchies, and heterogeneous components, poses significant challenges to performance modeling. Traditional performance models, often relying on decoupled computation and communication models or additive cost models that assume an idealized bulk synchronous parallel pattern, fail to capture the emergent process overlap dynamics observed in large-scale, distributed-memory programs. Disturbances can trigger large-scale, nonlinear effects that profoundly impact performance. This dissertation introduces a holistic, white-box modeling framework grounded in first principles to capture the coupled effects of noise, bandwidth bottlenecks, code execution, the message passing library, and the network in parallel applications. The work systematically formulates several fundamental challenges across three interconnected domains: (i) performance modeling, (ii) performance engineering, and (iii) performance simulation and physical modeling. It reveals how localized delays can propagate through inter-process dependencies, amplify system-wide variability, and invalidate additive- or max-based time-to-solution predictions. Through analytical derivations, controlled experiments, and large-scale validation, the work identifies critical performance phenomena, such as idle wave propagation, memory bandwidth-sharing interference, and spontaneous communication-computation overlap, as key drivers of performance variability. These effects arise not from algorithmic flaws but from fundamental hardware–software interactions under shared bottlenecks. These models are validated using both synthetic and real applications, exploring whether noise, traditionally seen as detrimental, can potentially be leveraged for beneficial purposes. The dissertation develops new analytical models: one that explains desynchronization in scalable programs via idle wave dynamics; another that models bandwidth-sharing among overlapping computational kernels and computation-communication overlap. To support controlled experimentation and reproducible simulation, two novel tools are introduced: DisCostiC, a white-box MPI performance simulator that emulates MPI applications via system-aware skeletons without requiring execution on real hardware; and OsciLite, a Kuramoto-inspired oscillator framework that captures the synchronization dynamics of parallel programs using coupled differential equations. By combining theoretical insights, simulation, and empirical validation, this dissertation provides a new lens through which the behavior of parallel programs can be understood, predicted, and optimized. Its insights and tools lay the foundation for building performance-aware software, guiding hardware co-design, and redefining performance modeling in the zettascale era.

Anlässlich des Ausscheidens des Universitätsprofessors und Ingenieurpädagogen Klaus Jenewein aus dem universitären Regelbetrieb reflektieren und bilanzieren langjährige wissenschaftliche Weggefährt:innen und Schüler:innen wichtige Entwicklungen in der Berufsbildungswissenschaft, beruflichen Ausbildung und Bildungspolitik. Ihre Texte zur Ingenieurpädagogik, Lehrkräftebildung und betrieblichen Praxis knüpfen an die Arbeiten von Klaus Jenewein an und stellen darüber hinaus eigene Forschungsergebnisse vor. Die Themenfelder des Bandes umfassen aus unterschiedlichen disziplinären und interdisziplinären Perspektiven die Berufsausbildung und Berufliche Bildung in gewerblich-technischen Domänen, Ausbildung und Professionalisierung von Berufsschullehrkräften und Lehrerbildung, Berufliche Schulen und berufsschulisches Lernen, (Fach-)Didaktik und betriebliches Lehren und Lernen. Dabei werden die regionalen Bezüge von Klaus Jenewein ebenso sichtbar wie seine Nähe zur Modellversuchsforschung, zu Ansätzen responsiver Begleitforschung, zur Wissenschaft-Praxis-Kommunikation und zum Design-Based-Research.

Bringing together studies from across the Nordic region, this book examines the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on vaccine hesitancy. Shedding light on the political tensions that emerged as a result of the pandemic and the debates that ensued both within and between the Nordic nations, it investigates the vociferous discussions surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines and their presumed negative side effects through the lens of trust; trust in and between the neighbouring countries, in healthcare systems, fellow citizens, and experts; in public authorities, politicians, researchers, journalists, and pharmaceutical companies. The first volume to explore vaccine hesitancy in the Scandinavian context, this ground-breaking volume offers fresh perspectives on vaccine scepticism not as a form of ignorance or lack of knowledge, but as a manifestation of a more fundamental lack of faith in modern government and science. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, politics, anthropology, media studies, communication and cultural studies with interests in public health, popular and political discourse and questions of public trust. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

Cultivating Racial and Linguistic Diversity in Literacy Teacher Education examines how English and literacy teacher education—a space dominated by White, English-monolingual, middle class perspectives—shapes the experiences of preservice teachers of color and their construction of a teacher identity. Significant and timely, this book focuses attention on the unique needs and perspectives of racially and linguistically diverse preservice teachers in the field of literacy and English education and offers ways to improve teacher training to better meet the needs of preservice teachers from all racial, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds. These changes have the potential to diversify the teacher force and cultivate teachers who bring rich racial, cultural, and linguistic histories to the field of teaching.

In der öffentlichen Diskussion erlebt derzeit ein Begriff eine Renaissance, der in Deutschland bisher gemieden wurde: "Rassismus?. Daher müssen sich Rechtswissenschaft und Gesellschaft dringend der Frage stellen, welche verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen des Rassismus es gibt und inwiefern diese von den juristischen Diskriminierungsverboten im deutschen, europäischen und internationalen Recht erfasst werden. Der Band versammelt führende Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler, um einer doppelten Leitfrage auf den Grund zu gehen: Umfassen die Diskriminierungsverbote neben vermeintlich angeborenen Unterschieden auch kulturalisierte Formen des Rassismus? Wie erhält sich das Verbot einer offenen, versteckten oder mittelbaren Diskriminierung zu den Erscheinungsformen eines strukturellen bzw. institutionellen Rassismus, der nicht auf intentionalen Handlungen beruht?

Tax compliance; Reciprocity; Ethnography; Economic anthropology; Welfare; Exchanges; Taxpayer; Marcel Mauss; Swedish Tax Agency; quid-pro-quo exchange; Fiscal anthropology; Swedish tax; Behavioural economics; Economic exchanges and reciprocity; Tax as a gift; Public economics; Progressive marginal tax; Contributive and distributive balancing

Since 1960, two-thirds of very large governmental projects in Nigeria have not only failed, but been abandoned mid-course. This presents a bigger failure rate than mega projects elsewhere, and yet there is no available data or analysis to help us understand the reasons behind such failures. This book provides an authoritative examination into why very large projects in Nigeria have failed so badly, and provides practical recommendations on how the Nigerian government can improve its project performance. Drawing on data from 38 very large projects (19 completed and 19 abandoned) with a total budget of over $25B, this book presents detailed analysis of these projects and in-depth case studies 11 of the projects, and presents lessons for improvement. Through this, the authors have identified a small number of key success drivers, and argue that making moderate improvements on any of them would, on average, save hundreds of millions of dollars on one large project alone. This book is a game-changer in the management of government mega projects in Nigeria. With clear implications for other developing economies, this is a vital resource for project management practitioners, executives and civil servants. This is an open access book.

This study offers a novel approach to a longstanding problem in Slavic Linguistics, the formal representation of the Northern Russian participial constructions in -n(o)/-t(o). Unlike previous works, the methodological stance adopted by the author focuses on singling out all the relevant patterns of variation and on pursuing a unified explanation for them. The key to the solution of the puzzle is the idea that the participial affix -n-/-t- and the agreement inflections are not just pieces of morphology inserted post-syntactically, but true heads that enter the computation and are able to manipulate the argumental roles of the verb and to check the EPP. The author’s proposal is properly framed in the context of current debate on interlanguage variation.

The article offers an account of the recent debate on work, freedom and utopia in the French humanities and social sciences. It is organized around the four thematic cores that seem to condense its richest or most promising results today: liberated work, free work, democratic work, and utopian work. For each of these topics, for reasons of space, only the theses and critiques of a few representative authors will be given, regarding an object of reflection chosen as exemplary: liberated companies, digital platforms, democratized companies, possible utopias. The common denominator of this reflections is the tenacity with which they continue to investigate dimensions of freedom and utopia in work, and not outside or against work. What differentiates them is the degree of compatibility or alternative attributed to these dimensions with respect to the most widespread modes of work today.

In its constructive and speculative nature, design has the critical potential to reshape prevalent socio-material realities. At the same time, design is inevitably normative, if not often violent, as it stabilises the past, normalises the present, and precludes just and sustainable futures. The contributions rethink concepts of critique that influence the field of design, question inherent blind spots of the discipline, and expand understandings of what critical design practices could be. With contributions from design theory, practice and education, art theory, philosophy, and informatics, »Critical by Design?« aims to question and unpack the ambivalent tensions between design and critique.

Bij zekerheid wordt meestal gedacht aan gevaren die van buitenaf komen. Om zich tegen dergelijke risico’s te verdedigen ontwikkelt elke samenleving betrouwbare voorzieningen. Denk aan het vormen van een dijkenstelsel, een leger of een verzorgingsstaat. Maar hoe onszelf te beschermen tegen gevaren die van binnen uit komen? Daarvoor heeft de mensheid in de loopt van haar geschiedenis uiteenlopende oplossingen bedacht. Omdat veel jagers en verzamelaars vormen van animisme omarmen, zoeken ze bescherming in het ritueel. Omdat religie in boerensamenlevingen doorgaans belangrijk is, kan het geloof in God voor innerlijke zekerheid zorgen. Kenmerkend voor moderne burgers daarentegen is dat ze veel vertrouwen in zichzelf stellen en geloven dat de eerdere arrangementen niet meer nodig zijn. Dat komt op een gevaarlijke illusie neer, gegeven de innerlijke onzekerheid waar we vandaag de dag mee worstelen.

Gregory Bateson (1904–1980) began his career as an anthropologist in the 1930s, yet Bateson has also been recognized as an important early practitioner of ethnographic filmmaking, a key figure in the early development of cybernetics, and a point of reference for environmental artists and activists. In fact, Bateson was an important environmental thinker who was sounding the alarm about global warming and runaway patterns of consumption fifty years ago. His research connected the symptoms of ecological crisis to deeply rooted systems of Western thought. Bateson's Alphabet draws on archival sources—Bateson's public presentations, classroom seminars, and recorded memos—to provide an engaging and accessible, online, hyperlinked interface with Bateson's system of ecological thought. Bateson's Alphabet is composed of short, alphabetized essays that put Bateson in conversation with current scholarship in the environmental humanities and ground his ideas in a concrete example from a media text. The hyperlinked text allows readers to take multiple paths through the text. Whichever path is chosen, each step allows for a rich, multimodal encounter with Bateson's ideas through media analysis and images from the films under discussion. The resulting resource offers a new way to experience Bateson's ecology of mind and fosters new interdisciplinary connections within the environmental humanities.

Das Buch liefert eine fundierte Analyse des Rechtsrahmens für die Nutzung und Weitergabe von Daten der öffentlichen Hand. Im Fokus stehen Chancen und Herausforderungen des freiwilligen Datenteilens innerhalb des Stadtkonzerns der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg sowie im Austausch mit externen Akteuren. Das Werk beleuchtet die komplexe Verzahnung europäischer und nationaler Regelungen – insbesondere Datennutzungsgesetz (DNG), Data Governance Act (DGA) und Data Act (DA) – und analysiert deren Auswirkungen auf die Daten-Governance öffentlicher Stellen und öffentlicher Unternehmen. Anhand vier idealtypischer Szenarien werden rechtliche Anforderungen und Gestaltungsspielräume für unterschiedliche Modelle des Datenteilens systematisch herausgearbeitet sowie relevante wettbewerbsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen im Kartell-, Vergabe- und Beihilfenrecht diskutiert. Das Datennutzungsrecht offenbart sich als dynamisches und von erheblicher Rechtsunsicherheit geprägtes Feld mit neuen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und erhöhten Prüfungsanforderungen. Abschließend gibt das Werk praxisorientierte Empfehlungen, um Innovationspotenziale durch eine vorausschauende Daten-Governance zu erschließen.

Neuere Erkenntnisse zum Umsatzverhalten an Dieseloxidationskatalysatoren (DOCs) zeigen, dass das Umsatzverhalten von Schadstoffen vom Oxidationsgrad der verwendeten Edelmetallkatalysatoren abhängen kann. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sich der Oxidationsgrad bei typischen Abgaszusammensetzungen langsam und reversibel mit der Katalysatortemperatur ändert. Das kann bei periodischen Katalysatortemperaturänderungen zu einem ausgeprägten Hystereseverhalten führen. Bisherige Ergebnisse liegen insbesondere zum Verhalten der NO-Oxidation an Platin-Katalysatoren vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, die Untersuchungen auf seriennahe Pd- und PtPd-Mischkatalysatoren sowie auf andere abgastypische Schadstoffe, wie CO und Kohlenwasserstoffe, zu erweitern und dabei auch den Einfluss der Katalysatoralterung zu erfassen. Es wurde ein globalkinetisches Modell entwickelt und an die experimentellen Befunde angepasst. Dabei zeigte sich, dass es in der Regel möglich ist, das Umsatzverhalten bei reinen Pt- und Pd-Katalysatoren mit diesem örtlich eindimensionalen, makrokinetischen Zweiphasenmodell zutreffend zu beschreiben, wohingegen das Verhalten auf Pt/Pd-Mischkatalysatoren weniger gut simuliert werden kann. Dies ist vermutlich auf die heterogene Struktur der Pt/Pd-legierten Partikel zurückzuführen.