Open Access Books

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline, thanks to generous funding support from Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU). The Research Handbook on Health, AI and the Law explores the use of AI in healthcare, identifying the important laws and ethical issues that arise from its use. Adopting an international approach, it analyses the varying responses of multiple jurisdictions to the use of AI and examines the influence of major religious and secular ethical traditions.

Rising income inequality is highlighted as one of the largest challenges facing the United States, affecting civic participation and political representation. Although the wealthy often can and do exert more political influence, this is not always the case. To fix political inequality, it is important to understand exactly how class divisions manifest themselves in political outcomes, and what factors serve to enhance, or depress, inequalities in political voice. Christopher Ellis argues citizens’—and legislators’—views of class politics are driven by lived experience in particular communities. While some experience is formally political, on an informal basis citizens learn a great deal about their position in the broader socioeconomic spectrum and the social norms governing how class intersects with day-to-day life. These factors are important for policymakers, since most legislators do not represent “the public” at large, but specific constituencies. Focusing on U.S. congressional districts as the contextual unit of interest, Ellis argues individuals’ political behavior cannot be separated from their environment, and shows how income’s role in political processes is affected by the contexts in which citizens and legislators interact. Political inequality exists in the aggregate, but it does not exist everywhere. It is, rather, a function of specific arrangements that depress the political influence of the poor. Identifying and understanding these factors is a crucial step in thinking about what reforms might be especially helpful in enhancing equality of political voice.

This book investigates the “Golden Age” of Yugoslav cinema and sheds light on it from a fresh perspective. By examining various tropes and discourses of the “archaic” that shaped not only the flourishing Yugoslav cinematic modernism of the 1960s but also a broader Yugoslav cultural politics, the book reveals a nuanced panorama of cultural negotiations. The “archaic” – that which is at odds with modernity – is a peculiar crossroads where Marxism intersects with Balkanism, while both are circumscribed by a general distrust towards representation. The analysis thus opens new perspectives on a politics of aesthetics that shaped some of the most successful Yugoslav films of all time. Furthermore, its findings will be relevant to any context in which a political as well as artistic movement seeks to present itself as avant-garde but is confronted with a discourse assigning it time-lag. Addressing an academic audience of scholars and postgraduate students interested in Balkan and East European area studies, Slavic studies, cultural studies, film, and postcolonial studies, this book is also of interest to those researching the intersections of time, aesthetics, and politics.

Tant en Europe qu'en Asie, les artistes et leurs commanditaires ont souvent produit des séries d'images « racontant une histoire ». Les images peuvent être distinctes et successives ou bien arrangées en scènes à l'intérieur d'un rouleau ou d'un panneau plus vaste : l'idée est toujours qu'en parcourant l'ensemble, on peut comprendre l'histoire. Mais il faut, la plupart du temps, être assez savant et astucieux pour reconnaître une histoire qu'on connaît déjà, écouter les explications d'un guide ou encore lire des mentions dans le tableau ! Le constat final est donc plutôt mesuré : bien souvent, les images ne suffisent pas – et il demeure un passionnant intervalle entre les images et le récit. Ce livre propose plusieurs investigations détaillées, de l'Europe à la Chine en passant par le monde himalayen et tibétain, à propos de Vies de Bouddha ou Vies de Jésus, des Rois des Enfers et de visites de Parcs impériaux – et même une enquête après une inondation catastrophique !

This anthology examines the role of NGOs in the treatment of drug addiction and the prevention of infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis and tuberculosis in Central Asia and China. Innovative methods and partnerships with state organisations are presented. The book deals with neuromodulation and digital therapies in China as well as the self-organisation of drug users in Germany. Furthermore, organisations and programmes in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan such as AFEW, DOOR, INTILISH and the WINGS programme for the prevention of gender-based violence against women are presented. Alternative tuberculosis treatments in Kyrgyzstan are also discussed. With contributions by Alla Bessonova | Tianzhen Chen | Elena Devyatova | | Louisa Gilbert | Vyacheslav Goncharov | Chinara Imankulova | Tina Jiwatram-Negron | Ksennia Kiss | Medet Kudabekov | Ingo Ilja Michels | Kuralay Muhambetova | Eshankulova Nazgul | Danil Nikitin | Tatyana Nikitina | Ulla Pape | Jarkyn Shadymanova | Natalya Shumskaya | Hang Su | Assel Terlikbayeva | Guzalkhon Zakhidova

Annoncer une mauvaise nouvelle, décider d’un arrêt de traitement, tenter une opération risquée, réanimer un patient suicidaire… les dilemmes moraux ne sont pas rares en médecine. Les problèmes éthiques ont néanmoins revêtu une acuité particulière de nos jours du fait des progrès techniques, du coût des thérapeutiques innovantes, de l’évolution des moeurs, du vieillissement de la population. Cette nouvelle conjoncture conduit peu à peu à changer les façons d’exercer la médecine. Une culture du partage s’instaure avec les soignants, le monde associatif ou les sciences humaines et sociales. La philosophie morale se trouve également mise à contribution. Car pour être une démarche rigoureuse, l’éthique biomédicale ne doit pas se réduire à un échange d’opinions informelles et spontanées. Elle doit se nourrir de la connaissance des travaux des philosophes d’hier et d’aujourd’hui. À cette fin, le présent ouvrage propose aux professionnels de santé, ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui sont concernés par leurs décisions, de découvrir les grands principes et les principales théories de la philosophie morale. De l’éthique des vertus au contractualisme moral, en passant par le probabilisme, le déontologisme, l’utilitarisme, le libertarisme, l’éthique de la sollicitude ou l’éthique narrative, l’histoire de l’éthique est riche en ressources. Chaque théorie morale apporte un éclairage nouveau et fournit des repères, tant pour l’élucidation des problèmes d’éthique au quotidien que pour la compréhension des débats de société autour de la bioéthique.

Over the last years, the interest in teachers’ digital competence has become the object of increasing attention. The progressive digitalization of our societies led the European legislator, in 2006, to reformulate the framework of key competences, introducing digital competence among the new knowledge that school has to promote. Of course, both future and in-service teachers need to be prepared to favour students’ digital skills. This brought the European Commission to release in 2017 the DigCompEdu framework. In this chapter, we will first review some of the main conceptual models inspiring the reflection and research around teachers’ knowledge and digital skills. Then, we will focus on the DigComEdu framework, to illustrate its main areas of competences and the operational values.

To help advance global surgery as a public health intervention, providers and students require a practical, hands-on manual to train them to provide safe and effective surgery and anesthesia in resource-limited settings. This guide provides in-depth instruction on epidemiology and ethics surrounding surgical services, and on anesthesia, non-trauma surgery, and trauma surgery. With contributions from a group of culturally and academically diverse clinicians, each chapter is enriched by at least one commentary from a surgeon or anesthetist in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC) who shares first-hand perspectives on the realities and complexities of providing surgical care in these settings with limited resources.

The here collected contributions relating to the 46th International Conference of the Representation Disciplines Teachers, organized jointly by Sapienza University of Rome, Roma Tre University, and San Raffaele Roma University, aim to offer the scientific community a reflection on the theoretical and methodological aspects related to the concept of èkphrasis, a term that, in the field of representation, concerns descriptive, analogical, and digital activities that generate new knowledge in several areas of application. The Conference aims to place at the center of the discussion an interpretation of the concept of research that, without neglecting an idea of study, protection, and enhancement of environmental and cultural heritage, focuses on the needs of contemporary society and its possible developments, making use of innovative theoretical, methodological, and operational activities, including those characterized by an interdisciplinary approach. According to this interpretation, research can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the definition and testing of experimental proposals aimed at exploring new areas of investigation: this opens up imaginative and utopian perspectives in the relationship between the sciences, the arts, and the disciplines that contribute to common goals, through the experimentation of methods, techniques, and languages for conceiving, prefiguring, designing, and representing.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine biologisch motivierte Verhaltenssteuerung für ein kognitives Automobil vorgestellt, die ein hohes Maß an Rückmeldung liefert und damit die Grundlage für zukünftige Lernverfahren bildet. Weiterhin wird eine universell einsetzbare Bahnplanungskomponente entwickelt. Wesentliches Element des vorgestellten Ansatzes ist die Repräsentation von Fahrintention und Fahrzeugumfeld mit Hilfe von dynamischen Gefahrenkarten.

In this landmark Companion, expert contributors from around the world map out the field of the critical medical humanities. This is the first volume to introduce comprehensively the ways in which interdisciplinary thinking across the humanities and social sciences might contribute to, critique and develop medical understanding of the human individually and collectively. The thirty-six newly commissioned chapters range widely within and across disciplinary fields, always alert to the intersections between medicine, as broadly defined, and critical thinking. Each chapter offers suggestions for further reading on the issues raised, and each section concludes with an Afterword, written by a leading critic, outlining future possibilities for cutting-edge work in this area. Topics covered in this volume include: the affective body, biomedicine, blindness, breath, disability, early modern medical practice, fatness, the genome, language, madness, narrative, race, systems biology, performance, the postcolonial, public health, touch, twins, voice and wonder. Together the chapters generate a body of new knowledge and make a decisive intervention into how health, medicine and clinical care might address questions of individual, subjective and embodied experience.

Die vorliegende Sammlung enthält insgesamt 299 Gedichte, 185 davon erscheinen hier zum ersten Mal. Die übrigen 114 Gedichte (einschließlich der Verserzählung "Ksenija" sowie des Fragments "Grigorij Kazarin") sind zum großen Teil noch zu Lebzeiten des Dichters in verschiedenen Tageszeitungen, Zeitschriften oder Almanachen erschienen, wurden aber in keinen der zahlreichen Lyrikbände Sologubs noch in die Gesamtausgabe aufgenommen. Als Anhaltspunkt diente die Bibliografija sočinenij Fedora Sologuba. Čast' 1. Chronologičeskie perečni napečatannogo s 28 janv. 1884 g. do 1 ijulja 1909 g. -Spb., 1909. Unveröffentlichte und nicht in Sammlungen aufgenommene Gedichte.

Se fondant sur une riche documentation inédite, cette étude montre que, contrairement à l’idée selon laquelle les biens d’une fondation pieuse (waqf) sont inaliénables, de nombreux biens affectés à des waqfs de Jérusalem entre 1858 et 1917 étaient offerts, vendus, spoliés, donnés en héritage ou transformés en propriétés privées, par des voies légales ou illégales. À partir de nombreuses sources de première main (archives conservées en Palestine, en Jordanie, en Turquie, en France, en Allemagn...

Sustainability is the overall goal in the management of grassland resources; it ensures that the institutional framework within each grassland use is planned and implemented. Recent developments emphasize the need to include ecosystem services (supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural) provided by grasslands into this framework. The reprint is a follow up of the successful Special Issue published in 2024, and focuses on research advantages related to the ecology and management of grasslands and to the safeguarding of related ecosystem services and provides an outline for future directions for sustainability. The reprint contains experimental studies and systematic reviews regarding grassland biodiversity, issues and threats related to grasslands, sustainable use of grasslands, ecosystem services they provide, and other topics.

L'alimentation suscite, à partir du XVIe siècle, tant en France qu'en Espagne ou en Italie, un intérêt renouvelé. Qui mange survit, certes, mais qui mange donne surtout à voir qui il est. La cuisine – consommée, préparée ou offerte – est un marqueur social et culturel, et il s'agit de l'appréhender et de l'insérer dans la nouvelle hiérarchie des savoirs qui se met alors en place. Cette cuisine renvoie aussi à toute une série de métiers, dont la vocation est de permettre aux aliments (cultivés, produits, transportés, échangés, vendus, assemblés, transformés) de parvenir jusqu'à ceux et celles qui vont s'en restaurer. Savoirs, savoir-faire, pratiques et imaginaires d'horizons divers interviennent et touchent à un nombre très diversifié d'activités humaines : depuis l'agriculture, jusqu'aux techniques de préparation, de présentation des mets en passant par la gestion urbaine des stocks alimentaires, leur écoulement, la régulation des prix des denrées, les procédés de conservation, l'utilisation médicale des aliments, etc. Les métiers de l'alimentation se complètent, se chevauchent, se mêlent, tous tendus vers un seul but : le repas, qui répond à un besoin élémentaire de l'être humain tout en s'imposant comme un rituel social fondateur.