Open Access Books

Important things it does for us, keeping us healthy and alive? Did you know that our dietary habits can affect the wellbeing of our liver?Or that a sedentary lifestyle can harm it? You probably are not aware, but one in every four people in the world has Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), which can go unnoticed for years and result in severe liver damage, cirrhosis and even hepatic cancer. Are you one of them? The excessive accumulation of fat in the liver is caused by unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles. Are you at risk? Although you can have it without being overweight, people that are obese and those with Type 2 Diabetes have a higher risk of developing NAFLD. So, how can we fix this? Get to know your liver better with this comic and find out how to treat and prevent this form of liver disease! Think of your liver the next time you eat, and don’t forget to stay active for its health and your wellbeing. Remember that a Healthy Liver will Always Deliver!

From Exception to Promotion: Re-Thinking the Relationship between International Trade and Environmental Law tells a new, unconventional story of the relationship between international trade and environmental law, where the keyword is synergy rather than conflict, and where sustainable development and environmental protection are portrayed as part of the very nature and purpose of the trade regime.; Readership: Academics and students interested in international trade and environmental law, as well as in the interface between different areas of international law.

In this book, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ( CMOS ) devices are extensively discussed. The topics encompass the technology advancement in the fabrication process of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors or MOSFETs (which are the fundamental building blocks of CMOS devices) and the applications of transistors in the present and future eras. The book is intended to provide information on the latest technology development of CMOS to researchers, physicists, as well as engineers working in the field of semiconductor transistor manufacturing and design.

The services for people with addiction and mental health problems and have received increasing attention, both in the public debate, among users and professionals and not least from political authorities. There is political agreement on the importance of prioritizing the field, when at the same time there is disagreement on whether the services will actually be better by present-day reforms. In National Policies and Local Challenges, the authors explore the organization of services for people with addiction and mental health illness, from initiatives to improve the services at the level of national government to implementing changes in local service provision by municipalities. We discuss one of the most challenging questions in the modern welfare state: How should services be organized so that both users and service providers experience them as coordinated and integrated? The authors address these issues by referring to key features of national policy and change processes that can be observed in a selection of municipalities. The book also refers to analyses of experiences with various measures and services related to work, housing and prison care and correctional services. The anthology is based on a research project that studies the coordination and integration of services for people with complex addiction and mental disorders. The book is based on political science and organizational theoretical perspectives, and aims to provide insight into the usefulness of such perspectives in the analysis of welfare state's challenges when complex needs are addressed. The target group for the book is researchers, students and employees in local government – as well as practitioners who work with users with complex and complex needs. The book is edited by Catharina Bjørkquist, professor at Østfold University College, and Helge Ramsdal, professor emeritus at Østfold University College.

Predictive coding (PC) is a neurocognitive concept, according to which the brain does not process the whole qualia of external information, but only residual mismatches occurring between incoming information and an individual, inner model of the world. At the time of issue initiation, I expected an essential focus on mismatch signals in the brain, especially those captured by neurophysiologic oscillations. This was because one most plausible approach to the PC concept is to identify and validate mismatch signals in the brain. Announcing the topic revealed a much deeper consideration of intelligible minds of researchers. It turned out that what was of fundamental interest was which brain mechanisms support the formation, maintenance and consolidation of the inner model determining PC. Is PC a dynamic construct continuously modulated by external environmental or internal mental information? The reader will be delighted to get acquainted with the current views and understanding of eminent scholars in the field. It will be challenging to discover the realm of sleep where both physiological, energy preserving and mental qualia principles build on the inner models to shape and transform the self. And where neurophysiologic oscillations may both transmit external information and translate inner models from state to state to preserve the self-continuity and compactness.

The book will address the challenges that healthcare providers face in delivering comprehensive neurological care to the ageing population. It will highlight barriers to care pathways and propose solutions derived from recent literature to increase confidence and competence in managing complex cases as new insights are shared in educational settings. Also, it will evolve the landscape of neurological care, addressing the needs of an aging population, reflecting on the changing demographics of healthcare and the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders among older adults. It discusses how healthcare systems can adapt to meet the growing demand for specialized care and the need for ongoing education and training for caregivers and healthcare providers.

Shortly after the 150th anniversary of David Friedrich Strauß‘ death and the 300th anniversary of Kant’s birth; this study makes a close reading of their work and distorted reception down to this day. Strauß’ Life of Jesus (1835) led to political revolution in Zurich in 1839 and exclusion from the classroom. Although Strauß’ rejection of Hegel’s ‘science’ of Absolute Idealism occurred by 1838; it did not bring with it a re-examination of the anti-Kantian sentiment among his mentors (Hegel; Schleiermacher; F.C. Baur; etc.). The result was eclipsing Kant’s option to reductionist materialism that embraces ‘faith’ and ‘feeling’ at the core of all order; rational and moral; as the motor of creative; responsible (communal) agency in the world.

Sowohl der Grundschulsport als auch das organisierte und informelle Sporttreiben im Kindesalter sind in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten mit neuartigen Herausforderungen konfrontiert und von Wandlungsprozessen erfasst worden. Neben der Berücksichtigung heterogener Lernvoraussetzungen der Schüler*innen im Fach Sport hat nicht zuletzt die Etablierung des Ganztagsunterrichts in der Grundschule eine massive Ausweitung der Kooperationen mit Sportvereinen sowie Trägern der offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit begünstigt. Die Beiträger*innen diskutieren zentrale Entwicklungslinien und Zukunftsaufgaben des Grundschulsports sowie des organisierten und informellen Kindersports.

Ce livre est une exploration du corps dansant, à travers l'histoire sociologique de la chorégraphie occidentale. Il s'adresse en premier chef aux professionnels de la danse (danseurs, chorégraphes, critiques de danse, pédagogues...) soucieux d'avoir un regard innovant sur l'histoire et l'actualité de leur art. Son intérêt s'étend aux sociologues, étudiants et chercheurs en sciences sociales qui s'intéressent à la danse, et plus largement au corps comme phénomène social et politique. Une première partie historique traite de la manière dont la danse s'est professionnalisée et a acquis, au fil du temps, une relative autonomie vis-à-vis du monde social. Il est aussi question des écritures de la danse qui ont fait du corps dansant un objet de "savoirs" et ont participé à façonner l'"art de la chorégraphie". En seconde partie, l'ouvrage se concentre sur la danse française actuelle. Retraçant des parcours d'artistes en leur donnant largement la parole, et s'appuyant sur des enquêtes statistiques, l'auteur mène alors une analyse sociologique sur les conditions de production et de diffusion des œuvres chorégraphiques en France. Contrairement à l'idée reçue selon laquelle le "talent" de l'artiste suffit à se faire connaître et reconnaître par le public, l'étude en vient à expliciter les rouages socio-politiques de la création, tout en invitant le lecteur à pénétrer dans l'univers quotidien des salles de répétition. Inaugurant en fin de compte une analyse scientifique du champ chorégraphique, cet ouvrage contribue à la sociologie du corps et à la sociologie de la connaissance.

Este volumen recoge una selección de estudios que exploran cómo la gramática emerge del uso lingüístico en la interacción comunicativa. Desde enfoques como la Gramática de Construcciones, la Gramática Cognitiva o la Gramática del Discurso, los trabajos aquí reunidos analizan elementos del catalán y del español, en diacronía y en sincronía, que tradicionalmente habían estado marginados en el estudio gramatical, como los interactivos, u ofrecen una mirada nueva a temas de estudio clásicos. Para ello, se fundamentan en el análisis de la lengua en uso mediante datos de corpus e integran la multimodalidad en el estudio. De este modo, se observa cómo la lengua se adapta al contexto y a las necesidades comunicativas de los hablantes, y cómo esta adaptación genera cambios gramaticales a lo largo del tiempo. La obra ofrece así una visión renovadora del estudio gramatical, donde el discurso y la interacción se sitúan en el centro del análisis lingüístico, tanto sincrónico como diacrónico.

India 21. százada a nagy változások és gyors ütemű modernizáció jegyében zajlik, ami a társadalmat komoly dilemmák elé állítja a hagyományos értékrend és globalizációs hatások összeegyeztetésével kapcsolatban. Ez a fajta útkeresés különösen izgalmasan jelenik meg a média és populáris kultúra területén, ahol akár szimbolikus, akár egészen konkrét formában jelennek meg különböző érvrendszerek és hitvilágok, amelyek az indiai társadalom legszélesebb rétegeihez jutnak el. Jelen kötet a hinduizmusnak, India legnagyobb és politikai szempontból legjelentősebb vallásának megjelenését vizsgálja a média és populáris kultúra világában. A könyvben vizsgáljuk a hindu mitológia különböző alajainak reprezentációit, a populáris kultúrának az indiai nemzeti önképre gyakorolt hatását, illetve a politikai hinduizmusnak a médiára gyakorolt hatását.

How humans and technology evolve together in a creative partnership.In this book, Edward Ashford Lee makes a bold claim: that the creators of digital technology have an unsurpassed medium for creativity. Technology has advanced to the point where progress seems limited not by physical constraints but the human imagination. Writing for both literate technologists and numerate humanists, Lee makes a case for engineering—creating technology—as a deeply intellectual and fundamentally creative process. Explaining why digital technology has been so transformative and so liberating, Lee argues that the real power of technology stems from its partnership with humans. Lee explores the ways that engineers use models and abstraction to build inventive artificial worlds and to give us things that we never dreamed of—for example, the ability to carry in our pockets everything humans have ever published. But he also attempts to counter the runaway enthusiasm of some technology boosters who claim everything in the physical world is a computation—that even such complex phenomena as human cognition are software operating on digital data. Lee argues that the evidence for this is weak, and the likelihood that nature has limited itself to processes that conform to today's notion of digital computation is remote.Lee goes on to argue that artificial intelligence's goal of reproducing human cognitive functions in computers vastly underestimates the potential of computers. In his view, technology is coevolving with humans. It augments our cognitive and physical capabilities while we nurture, develop, and propagate the technology itself. Complementarity is more likely than competition.

This book aims to provide readers with a general as well as an advanced overview of the key trends in endocrine disorders. While covering a variety of topics ranging from thyroid carcinogenesis and pituitary adenomas to adrenal tumors and metabolic bone disease, this book also focuses on more specific issues not yet fully elucidated (e.g. the molecular pathways involved in thyrotropin beta gene regulation or monogenic phosphate balance disorders). Readers of different fields and background will have the opportunity to update their knowledge and more importantly to clarify areas of uncertainty and controversies in several topics of endocrine disorders.

This volume represents the founding act of a proposal for training, didactic, study and research work which aims at enhancing historical knowledge in the field of education and educational professionalism. The contributions intend to highlight the identity and usefulness of history and, in particular, of the history of education, not only for every education level, but for the life of local communities itself. At the same time, the authors aim at suggesting a desirable development of the history of education by adopting a Public History approach. This way, academic knowledge can actually be brought into contact with educational contexts, much more so than it has been done so far, in order to respond, together with other disciplines, to the emerging social needs. The Public History of Education, intended this way, can create new profitable relationships between formal and informal education, between the past and present of educators and teachers, between the world of research, cultural institutes (above all, museums) and society.

This Special Issue presents high-quality research papers as well as review articles addressing recent advances in the use of marine bioactives in animal nutrition. The marine environment constitutes a relatively untapped source of biologically active compounds that can be applied in various areas, such as improvement of animal performance, health maintenance, and disease prevention. Numerous marine-based compounds isolated from marine organisms (especially seaweeds) have diverse biological activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities that can be beneficial to animal health. Additionally, the application of marine bioactives as feed additives can increase the nutritional value of products of animal origin. In this Special Issue, the main attention was focused on seaweeds and their application in poultry (laying hen and broiler chickens) and pig feed. The suitable processing of marine resources required for their optimal use as feed/feed additives was underlined. The contained publications present scientific evidence for the use of various seaweeds as feed additives that improve health (enhanced immunity, prebiotic effect), growth performance, and production. Inclusion of this unconventional material in animal nutrition can enrich products with active compounds, such as micro- and macroelements, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments which are beneficial for consumers.