Open Access Books

This book is a collection of Special Issue articles that aim to discern a people-centered pathway to solving land-based challenges in the context of land administration. It consists of 13 positively evaluated research articles. Each of the articles contributes to the large mosaic of knowledge on land methods (or tools) that are relevant to resolving land challenges that women and youths face. The book highlights 13 critical lessons on “Land, Women, Youths, and Land Tools or Methods.”

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Environmental medicine

This book contains chapters in which the problems of modern photovoltaics are considered. The majority of the chapters provide an overview of the results of research and development of different types of solar cells. Such chapters are completed by a justification for a new solar cell structure and technology. Of course, highly effective solar energy conversion is impossible without an in-depth examination of the solar cell components as physical materials. The relations between structural, thermodynamic, and optical properties of the physical material without addressing the band theory of solids are of both theoretical and practical interest. Requirements formulated for the material are also to be used for maximally efficient conversion of solar radiation into useful work.

A discontinuous fiber-reinforced thermoset material produced by the Sheet Molding Compound process is investigated. Due to the process-related fiber orientation distribution, a composite with an anisotropic microstructure is created which crucially affects the mechanical properties. The central objectives are the modeling of the thermoelastic behavior of the composite accounting for the underlying microstructure, and the experimental characterization of the pure resin and the composite material.

Quick growth of Chinese economy heralded a shift in the balance of power in the Asia-Pacific. In recent years China’s growing assertiveness, manifested by growing military presence in South China Sea, has been perceived as a major security challenge by most of the countries in the region. This situation is not simply a result of the recent changes in economic and political situation in the country, but rather a manifestation of a long history of building economic and political ties in the region and materialization of Chinese ambitions. It seems that China is finally able to materialize its long-time political ambitions in the region. Other security challenges like the nuclear program of North Korea and changing political situation in Myanmar attested to the increasing uncertainty of security situation in Asia which affects the global geopolitical landscape. Change of power in the United States, and Election of Donald Trump as American president in November 2016 was a signal of another shift in the regional security situation. New president following the slogan “America First” launched a process of renegotiating existing security treaties with Asian allies and presented a mare aggressive stance on China which very soon turned into a serious trade conflict. This monograph illustrates different aspects of these complex power shifts and their influence on the current geopolitical situation in the region.

La plupart des programmes de lutte contre l’épidémie à VIH dans le monde impliquent les patients pour la mise en œuvre des activités les concernant ou la discussion des choix collectifs. La participation des patients est une norme globalisée promue par l’ensemble des institutions de lutte contre le sida. Au Cambodge, cette norme a un impact considérable depuis le milieu des années 2000. Des centaines de personnes vivant avec le VIH sont recrutées par les institutions pour assurer des tâches diversifiées allant du ménage à la toilette de patients hospitalisés, en passant par la préparation des dossiers médicaux, l’éducation thérapeutique, la gestion de projets associatifs, ou encore l’animation de groupes d’entraide et d’équipes de soins à domicile. Cet ouvrage, au confluent de l’anthropologie de la santé et de l’anthropologie du développement, met en lumière l’application concrète de la participation des patients au Cambodge et ses significations locales. La norme est reformulée et produit des effets inattendus et contradictoires. L’analyse des processus de redéfinition de cette norme institutionnelle à vocation universaliste met en évidence les défis soulevés par la démocratie sanitaire dans le contexte cambodgien.

Die klassische Bewusstseinsphilosophie sieht über die körperlich-praktische Verschlingung der Akteure mit ihren Umwelten weitgehend hinweg: Ihr Leitbild des autonomen Subjekts begreift die Menschen vornehmlich als theoretische Abstrakta. Übersehen wird dabei, dass wir durch den Körper lernen - im praktischen Austausch mit der Welt dringt das Soziale nach und nach in den Körper ein. Die daraus resultierende Koinzidenz von objektiven Strukturen und subjektiven Schemata des Habituellen macht das praktische Begreifen der Welt erst möglich. Dieser Band verdeutlicht die Bildung von Erkenntnis durch den Körper an ausgewählten Beispielen und führt damit eine Diskussion fort, die bisher vorwiegend auf den französischen Sprachraum beschränkt war.

This book presents one of the most prolific periods of Portuguese-Italian artistic and cultural relations, the 18th century. Through ten articles, which approach the subject from various angles such as literature, medals, painting, textiles, music, architecture, etc., a good sample of the close ties that unite Rome with the westernmost capital of Europe. A veritable round trip in which Roman models and taste are intermingled with the Portuguese protagonists who made this process of exchange between the former Papal States and the other great overseas Iberian empire.

Dieses Open-Access-Buch präsentiert aktuelle Erkenntnisse einer Schwerpunkttagung zum Reflektieren über die Natur der Naturwissenschaften (Nature of Science). Sie erfahren weiterführende Ideen durch neue theoretische und damit innovative Forschungsansätze von Expert*innen der Didaktik der Biologie. Ergänzend finden Sie konkrete Vorschläge zur Vermittlung verschiedener Aspekte des komplexen Themenbereichs für den Unterricht und die Lehrkräftebildung. Eine unverzichtbare Lektüre, wenn Sie sich mit dem Gebiet näher auseinandersetzen wollen. Dieser Band richtet sich an Studierende des Lehramts Biologie, an Biologielehrkräfte, an Forschende der Biologiedidaktik sowie an Hochschullehrkräfte, die wiederum Lehramtsstudierende mit Schwerpunkt Biologie betreuen. Reflektieren Sie über die Natur der Naturwissenschaft Biologie und erkennen Sie die Bedeutung der Biologie in unserer dynamischen Welt. Dieses Buch ist nicht nur ein Leitfaden, sondern vor allem ein Impulsgeber für zukünftige Forschungsinitiativen.

Synaesthesia is a condition in which a stimulus elicits an additional subjective experience. For example, the letter E printed in black (the inducer) may trigger an additional colour experience as a concurrent (e.g., blue). Synaesthesia tends to run in families and thus, a genetic component is likely. However, given that the stimuli that typically induce synaesthesia are cultural artefacts, a learning component must also be involved. Moreover, there is evidence that synaesthetic experiences not only activate brain areas typically involved in processing sensory input of the concurrent modality; synaesthesia seems to cause a structural reorganisation of the brain. Attempts to train non-synaesthetes with synaesthetic associations have been successful in mimicking certain behavioural aspects and posthypnotic induction of synaesthetic experiences in non-synaesthetes has even led to the according phenomenological reports. These latter findings suggest that structural brain reorganization may not be a critical precondition, but rather a consequence of the sustained coupling of inducers and concurrents. Interestingly, synaesthetes seem to be able to easily transfer synaesthetic experiences to novel stimuli. Beyond this, certain drugs (e.g., LSD) can lead to synaesthesia-like experiences and may provide additional insights into the neurobiological basis of the condition. Furthermore, brain damage can both lead to a sudden presence of synaesthetic experiences in previously non-synaesthetic individuals and a sudden absence of synaesthesia in previously synaesthetic individuals. Moreover, enduring sensory substitution has been effective in inducing a kind of acquired synaesthesia. Besides informing us about the cognitive mechanisms of synaesthesia, synaesthesia research is relevant for more general questions, for example about consciousness such as the binding problem, about crossmodal correspondences and about how individual differences in perceiving and experiencing the world develop. Hence the aim of the current Research Topic is to provide novel insights into the development of synaesthesia both in its genuine and acquired form. We welcome novel experimental work and theoretical contributions (e.g., review and opinion articles) focussing on factors such as brain maturation, learning, training, hypnosis, drugs, sensory substitution and brain damage and their relation to the development of any form of synaesthesia.

This book Clinical Trials in Vulnerable Populations has 12 chapters divided into 4 sections: Minority Patients, Women, Medically Compromised Patients and Clinical Trials. Contributing authors came from several countries, from Serbia to Turkey. The book was edited by Professor Milica Prostran MD, Ph.D., specialist in Clinical Pharmacology. The potential reader is shown a modern approach to clinical trials in vulnerable populations, from different points of view. The chapters deal at length and clarity with their topics. Finally, I believe, that this book I edited and reviewed with dedication will capture the attention of many readers, from medical students to practicing doctors and pharmacists. All of whom must consider this very important field of medicine: clinical trials in vulnerable patients.

Este libro trata de la experiencia de gobierno municipal en la ciudad de México en el periodo 1876-1912. La investigación consta de ocho capítulos que abordan otras tantas problemáticas del gobierno municipal durante el porfiriato. La investigación que dio pie a este texto se propuso, desde un principio, abordar una dimensión del trabajo historiográfico que en los últimos tiempos no ha gozado de todos los prestigios: la historia institucional. Dada la escasez de bibliografía sobre la forma en que las personas y las instituciones acumulan conocimiento sobre prácticas y técnicas de gobierno, este libro pretende ser una modesta contribución a la manera en que se transmite esa clase de conocimiento.

The problem of evil has long perplexed traditional theists: why do terrible events, such as crimes, wars, and natural disasters, occur in a world believed to be created by an omnipotent and wholly good God? The Problem of Evil for Atheists offers a fresh perspective that seeks to transform the perennial philosophical debate on this matter. This book contends that the problem of evil surpasses its conventional understanding, not only impacting traditional theists but also posing a challenge for atheists and other ‘non-theists’, including pantheists, axiarchists, and followers of Eastern religious traditions. Moreover, the book posits that traditional theists, who typically embrace some form of supernaturalism, are better equipped to address the problem than naturalist atheists/non-theists because the only potentially successful response requires supernaturalism. Conversely, the book suggests that if atheists/non-theists can develop a successful naturalist response, traditional theists can also adopt it. Thus, it concludes that traditional theists are better positioned than atheists/non-theists to grapple with the problem—an unexpected assertion, given that the problem of evil is normally viewed as an argument against traditional theism and in favour of atheism/non-theism. The Problem of Evil for Atheists presents a comprehensive defence of a fundamentally new approach to tackling the age-old philosophical conundrum. By challenging the conventional perspective, it endeavours to reshape our understanding and interpretation of evil in a profound manner.