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Bien qu'ils soient d'usage courant, les termes artifice et artificiel ont un sens peu précis en général, et dans les lettres et les arts en particulier. C'est à ces notions qui semblent aller de soi mais qui prennent des significations multiples et des formes plurielles que l'axe transversal « littérature et arts » du CELLAM (Centre d'études des langues et littératures anciennes et modernes de l'université Rennes 2) a consacré son premier programme de recherche. Les études, qui couvrent une longue période (de la Grèce antique à nos jours) et concernent divers genres littéraires (récit, théâtre, poésie, essai, portrait, mémoires, roman, critique d'art), de nombreux arts (peinture, opéra, danse, musique, photographie, cinéma) et des domaines variés (rhétorique, esthétique, technologie, tactique militaire, pornographie), abordent l'artifice selon quatre questions. La première est celle des origines : pour expliquer l'artifice à sa naissance, on a imaginé des fables ; mais les fonctions qu'elles remplissent ont été mises en cause, en particulier quand elles traitent du corps à une époque récente. La deuxième concerne la relation dialectique que l'artifice entretient avec la nature : s'instaurant en contre-nature, ce dernier détermine une seconde nature, qui fonde l'Homme dans son environnement. L'usage de l'artifice dans les arts, quels qu'ils soient, pose la question de la spécificité des beaux-arts non seulement en bousculant les classements et les systèmes, mais encore en obligeant à prendre en considération la techné. De ce troisième volet découle le dernier : envisager l'artifice dans les arts et les lettres conduit à déplacer son attention vers ce qui relève en eux de la fabrication. Or il est patent que d'un art à l'autre, ou d'un art aux lettres, les artifices circulent et que leur usage constitue un sujet que la littérature traite depuis longtemps. C'est donc à une meilleure compréhension lexicologique, axiologique et généalogique de la notion d'artifice que ce volume souhaite apporter sa contribution.

Research & Development; Technology Policy; Development Economics

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Aus der Hand des bedeutenden österreichischen Komponisten Anton Bruckner existiert kein systematisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke; viele werden in seinen eigenen Aufzählungen nicht erwähnt. Ein erster Versuch einer vollständigen Übersicht des OEuvre Bruckners gelang Renate Grasberger im Jahr 1974. Auf Basis dieses Verzeichnisses steht seit 2019 das „Digitale Werkverzeichnis Anton Bruckner“ zur Verfügung. Rechtzeitig zum Anton Bruckner-Jubiläumsjahr 2024 (200. Geburtstag) erscheint nun das Werkverzeichnis Anton Bruckner (WAB) als zweibändiger Druck. Die beiden Bände enthalten alle Werkinformationen (inkl. der Notenincipits) der digitalen Version. Um weder in der bezugnehmenden Forschungsliteratur noch in der Datenhaltung in Bibliothekssystemen oder in der Musikindustrie für Konfusion zu sorgen, wurden die von Grasberger eingeführten und bewährten Werknummern überwiegend beibehalten. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde eine neue Werksystematik erarbeitet, die eine Erweiterung um die Kategorien Studien, Bearbeitungen, Abschriften von Werken anderer Komponisten und Falsa darstellt. Die Kategorien Geistliche Vokalmusik und Weltliche Vokalmusik bleiben bestehen, wohingegen die Kategorien Orchesterwerke – aufgespalten in Symphonien und Andere Orchesterwerke – Kammermusik, Bläsermusik, Klavierstücke und Orgelwerke in der übergeordneten Gruppe Instrumentalmusik zusammengefasst wurden. Ausgehend von den 149 Werken, die im älteren Werkverzeichnis gelistet sind, wurde das neue Verzeichnis auf über 300 Werke erweitert, wobei auch autographe Skizzen, Studienmaterialien, Abschriften und Bearbeitungen einbezogen wurden. Ein Novum des neuen Werkverzeichnisses ist zudem die Berücksichtigung von mehrstimmigen Notenincipits, bei mehrteiligen Werken auch für den Beginn jedes Abschnittes.

Among the branches of classical physics, electromagnetism is the domain which experiences the most spectacular development, both in its fundamental and practical aspects. The quantum corrections which generate non-linear terms of the standard Maxwell equations, their specific form in curved spaces, whose predictions can be confronted with the cosmic polarization rotation, or the topological model of electromagnetism, constructed with electromagnetic knots, are significant examples of recent theoretical developments. The similarities of the Sturm-Liouville problems in electromagnetism and quantum mechanics make possible deep analogies between the wave propagation in waveguides, ballistic electron movement in mesoscopic conductors and light propagation on optical fibers, facilitating a better understanding of these topics and fostering the transfer of techniques and results from one domain to another. Industrial applications, like magnetic refrigeration at room temperature or use of metamaterials for antenna couplers and covers, are of utmost practical interest. So, this book offers an interesting and useful reading for a broad category of specialists.

Madrid naît au milieu du IXe siècle, fruit de la volonté du prince omeyyade de Cordoue Muḥammad Ier : vers 860, l'émir décide de fonder une fortification aux confins septentrionaux de son État sous le nom de Mağrīṭ « là où l'eau abonde ». Mağrīṭ fut une petite ville fortifiée de quatre hectares, auxquels s'ajoutaient des noyaux d'habitat ouverts et dispersés autour de l'enceinte. Elle était peuplée d'artisans, célèbres pour leur travail de l'argile, de paysans, mais aussi de savants et de fonctionnaires, le gouverneur et le cadi, qui représentaient la cour omeyyade et veillaient à la bonne marche des affaires urbaines. Après la conquête de Mağrīṭ par les Castillans en 1085, la ville conserve de ses origines islamiques son nom, qui devient Magerit, puis Madrid, et elle maintient le principal axe de circulation de la petite ville omeyyade, la grand'rue de Mağrīṭ formant aujourd'hui la partie finale de la Calle Mayor madrilène. Au bout de celle-ci, se dresse la cathédrale de la Almudena, dont le nom perpétue la mémoire d'un terme arabe, al-mudayna, la citadelle. À partir des sources textuelles et archéologiques, cet ouvrage s'efforce de suivre le chemin parcouru par Mağrīṭ depuis sa fondation jusqu'à nos jours : pour comprendre la genèse de la ville, il faut revenir vers le site qui l'accueille, le nom qu'elle reçoit et l'homme qui décide de la faire édifier. Pour saisir le fonctionnement de la ville, il faut se tourner vers ses territoires, nourricier et administratif, et vers les espaces avec lesquels elle est en contact, celui du Même et celui de l'Autre. L'histoire de Mağrīṭ au-delà du XIe siècle est celle des mudéjars et des morisques, celle d'un vif intérêt autour des origines de la ville choisie par Philippe II pour être la résidence de sa cour, celle d'un legs islamique dont la reconnaissance patrimoniale peine encore parfois, en ce début de XXIe siècle, à se faire entendre.

In Allegories of the Anthropocene Elizabeth M. DeLoughrey traces how indigenous and postcolonial peoples in the Caribbean and Pacific Islands grapple with the enormity of colonialism and anthropogenic climate change through art, poetry, and literature. In these works, authors and artists use allegory as a means to understand the multiscalar complexities of the Anthropocene and to critique the violence of capitalism, militarism, and the postcolonial state. DeLoughrey examines the work of a wide range of artists and writers—including poets Kamau Brathwaite and Kathy Jetñil-Kijiner, Dominican installation artist Tony Capellán, and authors Keri Hulme and Erna Brodber—whose work addresses Caribbean plantations, irradiated Pacific atolls, global flows of waste, and allegorical representations of the ocean and the island. In examining how island writers and artists address the experience of finding themselves at the forefront of the existential threat posed by climate change, DeLoughrey demonstrates how the Anthropocene and empire are mutually constitutive and establishes the vital importance of allegorical art and literature in understanding our global environmental crisis.

This work presents a comprehensive, scientific, and applied perspective on the management of diabetes mellitus, from its pathophysiological foundations to its clinical and educational approaches. The book explores in depth the mechanisms of insulin resistance, metabolic signaling, genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as associated complications and comorbidities, providing a solid conceptual framework for understanding the disease in all its complexity. The text includes academic and research contributions from professionals affiliated with national and international institutions, strengthening its scientific rigor and multidisciplinary perspective. The book integrates practical tools for metabolic assessment, glycemic control, and nutritional management, including structured systems such as exchange lists, carbohydrate counting, and updated dietary guidelines. It also addresses diabetes management in critical contexts, highlighting the importance of glycemic control in hospitalized patients and the optimization of insulin therapy and specialized nutrition. A fundamental axis of the work is therapeutic education, understood as an essential pillar of treatment. Evidence-based strategies are developed to strengthen patient autonomy, prevent hypoglycemia, promote exercise as a metabolic intervention, and prevent chronic complications such as diabetic foot. In addition, the book incorporates the psychosocial dimension and the challenges faced by healthcare systems, promoting a person-centered approach. This work proposes a comprehensive care model that integrates science, clinical practice, and education with the aim of improving metabolic outcomes, preventing complications, and transforming diabetes care through knowledge, strategy, and professional commitment.

Las estructuras semánticas de las oraciones se conforman por medio de funciones composicionales, a partir del significado de las partes. Estos significados originan inferencias lingüísticas y repercuten en los valores de la enunciación. Los autores que participan en el presente volumen desentrañan el funcionamiento semántico de diversas estructuras oracionales del español de México y de otras localidades hispanohablantes; algunos de ellos delimitan su ámbito en las mismas estructuras, otros dirigen sus fronteras al proceso enunciativo: la modalidad y el discurso. Los textos fueron elaborados a partir de los trabajos presentados en el simposio "Semántica. Oración y enunciación", donde se hicieron comentarios críticos a cada uno, que ahora aparecen como un "Comentario" al final. Representan el resultado del primer intercambio entre investigadores del país dedicados a la semántica en los ámbitos de la oración y de la enunciación.

In recent decades, artificial porous structures have attracted increasing enthusiasm from researchers inspired by the fascinating molecular pores in nature and their unique biological functions. Although substantial achievements in porous materials have been realized, the construction of topologically designed pores is still challenging. Recently, the emergence of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are constructed based on organic and polymer chemistry, has made it possible to design artificial pores with controlled pore size, topology and interface properties. COFs are crystalline porous materials constructed by the precise reticulation of organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds. Distinct from non-covalent interactions which tend to produce isostructures, covalent bonds enable accurate pore design owing to their predetermined reaction pathways. In addition, the appropriate polycondensation of organic building units enables the formation of extended two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) polymer architectures with periodically ordered skeletons and well-defined pores. With their large surface area, tailorable structures, and tunable chemistry, COFs are regarded as potentially superior candidates for various applications including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, mass transport and biotechnology. This book examines the historic achievement of COFs, providing clear and comprehensive guidance for researchers on their structural design, synthetic protocols and functional exploration.

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book deals with ‘Cultural Distance and Self-Initiated Expatriates’ Willingness to Relocate: A Research Agenda’. It provides progress by explicitly aiming at the dynamic aspects of careers, including developments over time and the role of life and career stages by adopting a longitudinal life-course perspective. The book examines the evidence for the effect of expatriate experience on their careers and explores some of the factors that impact that. It discusses the role of time in expatriate adjustment, focusing specifically on self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), and contrasting them with assigned expatriates (AEs). The book shares the limited existing literature concerning SIEs in small and medium-sized enterprises compared to other organisational forms. It highlights the gaps in research in this area and sets out a research agenda for scholars in this area.

Earth observation (EO), remote sensing (RS), and geoinformation (GI) technologies play a critical role in the study of Svalbard's environment, providing insights into the region's changes and supporting decision-making processes. This reprint presents a comprehensive overview of the applications of EO and RS technologies in Svalbard, covering a wide range of topics related to the environment. It includes contributions from leading experts in the field, providing insights into the current state of the art and future directions for research. The reprint starts by introducing the status of EO and RS in Svalbard, providing a solid foundation for readers new to the field. It then delves into specific applications of these technologies, including the monitoring of glaciers, snow cover, and permafrost using ground-, space-, and air-based RS platforms. Overall, this book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of EO and RS technologies in Svalbard, highlighting their importance in understanding and addressing the challenges faced by the region. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, students, policymakers, and practitioners in the fields of environmental science, geography, and remote sensing.

Emperor Otto I the Great made history in the Holy Roman Empire with a significant dynastic achievement: in 967, he persuaded the pope to crown his son co-emperor in Rome. Two centuries later, another renowned emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, attempted a similar feat, negotiating with four different popes for the coronation of his descendant, but ultimately failed. A lesser-known parallel can be found in the life of Emperor Charles IV of the Luxembourg dynasty in the fourteenth century. After the Papal Curia returned to Rome from Avignon in early 1377, Charles made concerted efforts in Italy, France, and Germany to secure the imperial coronation of his son, Wenceslas. However, this bold ambition coincided with an unprecedented crisis in relations between the ‟French” cardinals and the newly elected Italian pope, Urban VI. Recognizing that the final chapter of Charles IV’s biography is deeply intertwined with the early history of the Great Western Schism offers a fresh perspective on a subject that has long captivated international scholarship.

Rural lordship is one of the classic medieval themes of recent decades, but its specific developments of the late Middle Ages have long been neglected by research, especially engaged in considering other processes in these centuries, such as the construction of regional states, the economic dynamics, the urban riots. This volume, as part of a large research project coordinated by Sandro Carocci, intends to help fill this gap by offering a wide sample of cases, relating to very different areas of the Italian peninsula. Local realities are investigated here from a very specific perspective, that is, in their strictly political dimension: while taking into account the broad contexts (economic, settlement and social) in which the rural lordships are located, the main questions of this volume focus on forms of the lordly domain and its relations with the subjects, with the regional states and with the other lordly powers.