Open Access Books

When Anna Johanna Grill travelled from Sweden to England in 1788, she was impressed by the vast array of consumer goods in shops. In her travel diary, she writes how the shopkeepers displayed goods in myriad of ways that fooled people into shopping. How did shops look like in Anna Johanna Grill’s hometown Stockholm in the eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century? Were there distinctive shopping streets? Who sold goods, who shopped them and what goods were available? How were goods displayed in shops and marketed? How households act in organising their purchases and consumption? From a microhistorical case studies, this richly illustrated anthology widens the perspective to social, economic and cultural practices in everyday urban life. The chapters demonstrate how shopping streets and shops with their range of silk fabrics, accessories, fashion plates, blacksmithing, wigs and hair pomades not only met the desires of consumers, but also enabled dreams of novel identities and social accession for themselves and their families.

Im Rahmen dieser Forschungsarbeit wurde eine Lösung gesucht, die für einen Einsatz von Fachwerkträgern im industriellen Holzbau, besonders bei der Überbrückung großer Spannweiten, eine wirtschaftliche und effiziente Alternative zu herkömmlichen Fachwerkträgern darstellt. In experimentellen Untersuchungen wurden die Tragfähigkeiten von Versatz- und Schwalbenschwanzanschlüssen sowie das Tragverhalten von Verbindungen mit in Brettsperrholz eingedrehten Gewindestangen geprüft.

The book examines long-term transformations of the urban environment during the 18th and 19th centuries by using the example of Linz (Austria). The topics covered range from water, energy and food supply, urban and suburban green spaces to natural impacts such as epidemics, subsistence crises and natural hazards.

This essay considers how early modern Chinese romance novels conceive of female agency and how this conception was received by prominent cultural elites in eighteenth-century England. In his notes to Hau Kiou Choaan, the first English translation of a full-length Chinese novel, Thomas Percy referred to the novel’s heroine as a “masculine woman”, displaying a peculiar misreading of its trope of female cross-dressing. The essay argues that the increasing association of women with the private sphere in eighteenth-century English culture is a crucial context to consider when we study the initial spread of Chinese fiction in England.

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and analyze the most relevant antecedents about the world order, its evolution over time and influence in higher education, from a historical perspective, in order to make known its beginnings and the conceptual plot in which it the arguments. I face the main transformations since the postwar period and the problems with the education system in Latin America, specifically with Argentina and Colombia. This chapter has to do with the cession of autonomy and independence of the National States in the design and implementation of their educational policies in particular, taking as a theoretical reference the thesis of “institutional isomorphism” or “homologies” that the countries adopt in a rational way and the institutions, presenting different degrees of intensity, correspondence and appropriation, as part of the international and territorial insertion of countries in globalization, configuring a new field of knowledge: the “supranational educational policy”.

Viktor Franz Freiherr von Andrian-Werburg (1813-1858) was and still is primarily known as the author of Österreich und dessen Zukunft, the most important programmatic brochure of the estatist opposition in the late Vormärz. But it is almost unknown, that he kept a diary for most of his adult life. These diaries are now presented in a scholarly edition. Between the first entry of 20 October 1839 and the last surviving entry of 10 March 1858 lie 19 years which transformed Andrian from a young subordinate public servant in Northern Italy, Istria and Vienna to the idol of the Vormärz opposition, from a respected member and vice-president of the National Assembly in Frankfurt and German envoy in London to the proscribed demolisher of the pre-revolutionary paradise, from the advisor of the Austrian politicians in the years past 1849 to the member of the boards of capitalist railway companies in the 1850s. Throughout this whole time, Andrian saw himself as an unrecognized genius who could have rescued society from the oppression and stagnancy of the Vormärz and from the chaos of the revolution and lead it towards a better future. During all these years, the diaries show a mixture of private and public events. Reflections on family, friends, and personal developments are blended with statements and reflections on politics and policy and Andrian's own role in public life. While focus and denseness of the entries change along with Andrian's private and political situation, at center stage is always the interest in the developments in Austria and her future constitution in close connection with his personal conditions. It is this interaction between public interest and private experience that make the Andrian diaries one of the most impressive private sources on Austrian history from the Vormärz through the revolutionary years of 1848/49 well into the last years of the Neoabsolutism. Narratives about financial problems and strategies for a solution, for example through a rich marriage, alternate with analyses of internal and foreign politics and plans on the re-creation of Austria. Phases of active political involvement change with periods of voluntary and enforced retreat. Therefore, there are entries on discussions with leading politicians and court dignitaries and on audiences with Emperor Francis Joseph as well as accounts of journeys from Helgoland to Rome, from the French Atlantic coast to the South of Egypt. But the central aspect is always the interplay between private experience and public influence. Viktor Andrian felt to be a born leader, not a subordinate, and believed that he could wait for the moment when he was called to lead. Therefore he remained, with the exception of the revolutionary period of 1848/49 when he got actively involved in politics, an observer, adviser and critic at the fringes, waiting for the moment when the reins of power would fall to him. Although he realized in his later years that this was an illusion, Andrian was complacent with his personal development: "Thank God, I never had to blame myself for wicked, vicious things." This edition in three volumes contains the annotated diary entries, an introduction on Viktor Andrian's life and works, an account of the history of the diaries, and, for the first time, a complete listing of Andrian's publications. Numerous excerpts from Andrian's preserved correspondence in the commentary complement and broaden the diaries. An annotated index refers to more than 2.800 persons mentioned in the entries.

Quel est le lien entre éducation indigène et mouvement syndical au Mexique ? Quels rapports entre les conflits politiques, la violence, qui traversent aujourd’hui nombre de configurations locales au Mexique, et les politiques identitaires, culturelles ? Croisant les travaux de l’anthropologie et de la science politique, cet ouvrage propose une analyse des liens entre enseignants, populations locales et État au sein d’une configuration locale mexicaine, Oaxaca. Les « maestros » et les « maestras », opérateurs privilégiés de la médiation culturelle et politique, relais historiques de l’État via l’institution scolaire, occupent au Mexique une position spécifique, cruciale et ambivalente. Cette recherche s’attache à la trame concrète des relations politiques qui les impliquent, entre espaces syndicaux et villageois, mouvements indiens et sphère éducative. Elle apporte ce faisant un éclairage empirique, historique et critique sur la médiation et la politique contestataire au Mexique, constituant un apport aux travaux sur l’État et les dimensions culturelles du politique.

The exercise book was written for the first-year students of midwifery. It introduces the basic Greek-Latin medical terminology and grammar rules, which are explained in greater detail in a separate Grammar Book. Each of the ten units consists of a set of exercises meant for both the class work and home preparation: the unit starts with a translation exercise (aimed at anatomical and later also clinical nomenclature); then, there is a series of shorter exercises for practising frequent grammatical structures and specialized vocabulary.

Originally published in 1985, this revised edition with an updated Introduction, is being published by the University of Adelaide Press to commemorate the anniversary of Catherine Helen Spence's death on 3 April 1910. Catherine Helen Spence was a charismatic public speaker in the late nineteenth century, a time when women were supposed to speak only at their own firesides. In challenging the custom and convention that confined middle-class women to the domestic sphere, she was carving a new path into the world of public politics along which other women would follow, in the first Australian colony to win votes for women. She was also much more -- a novelist deserving comparison with George Eliot, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman; a pioneering woman journalist; a ‘public intellectual’ a century before the term was coined; a philanthropic innovator in social welfare and education, with an influence reaching far beyond South Australia; Australia’s first female political candidate. A ‘New Woman’, she declared herself. The ‘Grand Old Woman of Australia’ others called her.

L’histoire des techniques et des artisanats de la Grèce antique a laissé jusqu'ici peu de place à un matériau comme le cuir, sous prétexte du manque de sources textuelles et iconographiques ou de leur caractère trop allusif, et parce que les objets réalisés en peau, fourrure et cuir n’ont que trop rarement été retrouvés en fouille. Pourtant, la collecte des sources testimoniales (images, textes littéraires, épigraphiques, papyrologiques) – menée non sans élargir le champ de la recherche à certains auteurs latins et tardifs, comme les lexicographes – et, dans une proportion bien moindre, des don- nées de terrain, articulée à une modélisation technique de la fabrication du matériau, permet de renouveler quelque peu l’approche et de préciser ce que furent cet artisanat et les usages des peaux et du cuir en Grèce antique, bien que la somme réunie ici suscite également un grand nombre de questions et de pistes qui restent non résolues. Notre enquête tente ainsi, avec toute la prudence et la modestie que doit garder le chercheur qui travaille sur les mondes antiques, de dresser le bilan de nos connaissances quant aux étapes de fabrication de la matière première en matériau, fabrication relevant d’un savoir spécifique mais qui devait trouver des degrés de réalisation très variables. Nous passons ensuite en revue l’utilisation des peaux, fourrures et cuir, des emplois quotidiens les plus attendus aux cas les plus particuliers. Nous envisageons enfin l'organisation des « métiers du cuir », depuis l'approvisionnement en peaux brutes jusqu’aux opérations de cordonnerie, et le jugement porté sur ces activités au IVe siècle av. J.-C. à Athènes, période la mieux documentée sur la question.

Transnationalizing Radio Research presents a theoretical and methodological guide for exploring radio's multiple »global ages«, from its earliest years through its recent digital transformations. It offers radio scholars theoretical tools and concrete case studies for moving beyond national research frames. It gives radio practitioners inspiration for production and archiving, and offers scholars from many disciplines new ways to incorporate radio's vital voices into work on transnational institutions, communities, histories and identities.

Lamma aims to provide a forum for critically understanding the complex ideas, values, social configurations, histories, and material realities in Libya. Recognizing, and insisting on, the urgent need for such a forum, we give attention to a wide a range of disciplines, sources, and approaches, foregrounding especially those which have previously received less scholarly attention. This includes, but is not limited to: anthropology, art, gender, history, linguistics, literature, music, performance studies, politics, religion, and urban studies, in addition to their intersections, their subfields, the places in between, and critical, theoretical, and postcolonial approaches thereto. Lamma is a space where these fields can interact and draw from one another, and where scholars and students from inside and outside of Libya gather to redefine and reshape “Libyan Studies." We believe that access to research is not the privilege of a few but the right of all and that knowledge production should be inclusive. For these reasons the journal takes its name from the Arabic word lamma, "a gathering." This first issue of Lamma brings together academic research, cultural commentary, literature, and translation. It aims to show some of the possible varieties of research on Libya, from history and literature to sociolinguistics, gender studies, and more. But, perhaps more importantly, it aims to show that the efforts of academic researchers, cultural actors, writers, translators, and even artists are not separate endeavors but rather intertwined. By bringing these efforts together in one forum, we hope to set them in fruitful dialog with each other—and thus begin to complexify the notion of "Libyan Studies."

This Reprint presents a curated selection of recent advances in photonic and optoelectronic devices and systems, highlighting the rapid progress taking place across micro- and nanoscale technologies. The contributions offer new insights into waveguide engineering, detector development, metasurface-based sensing, display optimization, and high-speed optoelectronic components. Together, they provide an up-to-date overview of innovative design strategies, fabrication methods, and modeling approaches that are shaping next-generation optical and electronic platforms. This Reprint serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working in photonics, semiconductor technologies, optical sensing, and integrated system development, offering a concise perspective on current challenges and emerging directions within these dynamic fields.

An exciting, new framework for interpreting the philosophical significance of neuroscience.All science needs to simplify, but when the object of research is something as complicated as the brain, this challenge can stretch the limits of scientific possibility. In fact, in The Brain Abstracted, an avowedly “opinionated” history of neuroscience, M. Chirimuuta argues that, due to the brain's complexity, neuroscientific theories have only captured partial truths—and “neurophilosophy” is unlikely to be achieved. Looking at the theory and practice of neuroscience, both past and present, Chirimuuta shows how the science has been shaped by the problem of brain complexity and the need, in science, to make things as simple as possible. From this history, Chirimuuta draws lessons for debates in philosophy of science over the limits and definition of science and in philosophy of mind over explanations of consciousness and the mind-body problem. The Brain Abstracted is the product of a historical rupture that has become visible in the twenty-first century, between the “classical” scientific approach, which seeks simple, intelligible principles underlying the manifest complexity of nature, and a data-driven engineering approach, which dispenses with the search for elegant, explanatory laws and models. In the space created by this rupture, Chirimuuta finds grounds for theoretical and practical humility. Her aim in The Brain Abstracted is not to reform neuroscience, or offer advice to neuroscientists, but rather to interpret their work—and to suggest a new framework for interpreting the philosophical significance of neuroscience.

"An unforeseen event may be defined as something that happens suddenly and unexpectedly. Such events are seldom the result of an organisation’s operational planning, but they can be side-effects of such planning. An unforeseen event may have either positive or negative consequences. This chapter aims to discuss if it is possible to prevent unforeseen events. The major focus is on analysis and prevention of unforeseen events with negative consequences, such as accidents, catastrophes and acts of terror. Such events often take place in complex systems, and failures of appropriate organisational interaction and communication among participants with complementary competence in such systems may contribute to unforeseen events. Risk-analysis methods and tools based on energy-barrier models, causal sequence and process models, as well as information-processing models are presented and their applicability to the prevention of unforeseen events is discussed. This also includes the Bow-tie approach, as well as other approaches which take into consideration organisational factors and social interaction (samhandling). The conclusion is that unforeseen events can be prevented. However, in the aftermath of the implementation of safety and security measures, it is not possible to know which events they prevented, or to obtain knowledge about their efficiency. An additional strategy for prevention of unforeseen events with negative consequences is proposed."