Open Access Books

Human Genetics; Philosophy of Science; Probability Theory

The purpose of this collection is to provide a forum to integrate pre-clinical and clinical investigations regarding the long-term consequences of adolescent exposure to drugs of abuse. Adolescence is characterized by numerous behavioral and biological changes, including substantial neurodevelopment. Behaviorally, adolescents are more likely to engage in risky activities and make impulsive decisions. As such, the majority of substance use begins in adolescence, and an earlier age of onset of use (

Chalcogenides are chemical compounds that contain one or more sulfides, selenides, and tellurides (S, Se, Te) paired with an electropositive counterpart. They are developed through a strong covalent bond creating a variety of morphological structures, frequently organized by hexagonal or monoclinic geometry. The derivatives of chalcogenide materials such as binary, ternary, and quaternary are pertinent in various applications, including sensors, batteries, opto-electronics, photovoltaics, fuel cells, and photocatalysts. Chalcogenide-based materials can be developed through a variety of physical and chemical methodologies. This book provides a general overview of these methodologies and discusses the various chalcogen materials and their different applications. It includes eight chapters in three sections: “Chalcogen Fabrication”, “Solar Cells and Batteries” and “Nanoscale Devices”.

Der Trend der Miniaturisierung führt dazu, dass elektronische Geräte auf kleinstem Raum verbaut werden und gleichzeitig einen erhöhten Funktionsumfang erfüllen müssen. Um die geforderten Leistungsdichten zu realisieren, werden zunehmend moderne Leistungshalbleiter mit sehr kleinen Abmessungen verwendet. Durch die Miniaturisierung der Leistungselektronik ist vor allem die Wärmespreizung von kleinen Heizquellen von Interesse, d.h. die Heizquelle befindet sich in der Mitte und die Wärme wird über eine größere Fläche verteilt. Mit sogenannten plattenförmigen pulsierenden Heatpipes (PHPs) kann die Wärme effizient verteilt werden. Innerhalb der PHP stellt sich eine selbstoszillierende Zweiphasenströmung ein, sodass sowohl der konvektive Wärmetransport als auch der Phasenwechsel genutzt wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel, optimierte PHP-Designs zur Wärmespreizung von kleinen Heizquellen zu entwickeln.

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This volume discusses a broad range of themes and methodological issues around images, photography and film. It is about sharing a fascination about the visual history of education and how images became the most influential (circulating) media within the field of education on local, regional, national and international levels. Within this volume images are primarily analyzed as presenters, mediators, and means of observation. Images are seen as mobile reproducible media which play an active role within the public and educational sphere. They are means of observation and storytelling, they shape identities by presenting models of how we should act in and perceive the world, they circulate though different contexts and media, all of which impacts their meanings.

This volume brings together a collection of seven Undergraduate Final Projects (TCCs) developed within the scope of the undergraduate program in Biological Sciences – Ecology and Biodiversity at the Federal University of Latin American Integration, UNILA. Even from this selection, it is possible to observe a representative panorama of the plurality of themes, approaches, biological groups, and geographical contexts investigated by the students. Complementarily, the studies make significant contributions to the knowledge of biodiversity in Latin America and the Caribbean — which is urgently needed given the urgency of the Anthropocene and the Capitalocene. The works present questions situated within the current problem of the use of Latin American biomes, addressing their diversities, conservation priorities, and management strategies.

The Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major refereed publication dedicated to international law issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective.

Positivism and Antipositivism in Argentina: Positivism in Argentina was once a dominant influence on the thought of many intellectuals and, through them, on the very cultural formation of the country. This makes the approach of this book particularly interesting, as it subjects the currents of positivism and anti-positivism to a serious critical examination. By identifying the role played by both trends within Argentine thought, and furthermore by clarifying their influence, this book points out the derivations of positivism and anti-positivism not only in culture, but also in the local historical process. Its author, Berta Perelstein, was a pedagogue and communist intellectual whose contributions go beyond educational thought and reflection and extend into the great cultural debates, such as the one she proposes in this pioneer work, only now re-edited.

Zum zehnten Mal legt die Gemeinsame Kommission für die Erforschung der jüngeren Geschichte der deutsch-russischen Beziehungen ihre „Mitteilungen“ vor. Beleuchtet werden diesmal die revolutionären Erschütterungen der Jahre 1917 bis 1919, die in Deutschland zur Entstehung der Weimarer Republik und in Russland zur Gründung Sowjetrusslands führten. Historikerinnen und Historiker beider Länder untersuchen die Ereignisse jener Jahre in Deutschland und Russland als Beziehungs- und Verflechtungsgeschichte. Die Beiträge thematisieren neben politischen, sozialen, demografischen und sicherheitspolitischen Aspekten auch die Auswirkungen auf andere Länder und Regionen. Sie demonstrieren in vielfältiger Weise, wie eng die Verflechtungen zwischen den revolutionären Ereignissen in Deutschland und Russland tatsächlich waren.

For a long time, artists have pushed aesthetic and ethical boundaries, making them ahead of their time and constituting their sensitive seismograph. Since art is an expression of its times, the question arises what and how does contemporary art express, which in a controversial and violent way shifts and expands its boundaries. The phenomenon of destabilization of boundaries (ethical, aesthetic) was decreed by postmodernism, the shortest definition of which is: everything is allowed. The methodological correctness of postmodernism assumed that no limits could be set, nothing could be hierarchized, nothing could be set on the scale of inferiority and superiority. The purpose of this text is to show, on selected examples, that artists go beyond the socially accepted framework of creativity, including those concerning the taking up of previously absent topics or the use of new matter and means of expression in constructing artistic statements. The text is an attempt to show changes in art as phenomenon resulting from changes in other dimensions of our reality, liberated from earlier socially accepted norms and aesthetic fetters.

ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [Emerging evidence indicates that dairy foods and ingredients can influence human health. There is increasing interest around the specific role that particular components within dairy foods, such as fat, protein, and other bioactives, play in health. Dairy fat, although a source of saturated fat, may have neutral or beneficial effects on cardiometabolic and gut health. Further, specific types of fat within dairy fat have been linked with improved metabolic health and immune function, while the amount of milk fat globule membrane enclosing the fat may be important in cardiac and muscular outcomes. Dairy proteins may assist in maintaining skeletal muscle mass, particularly post-exercise. While research into individual dairy components is ongoing, the overall dairy food matrix may offer unique benefits to human health as well. For example, the fermentation process involved in cheese and yoghurt production may enhance the nutritional and functional abilities of these foods. This collection of research articles explores the effects of dairy components on health.]

The word melanin refers to dark natural pigments produced by the oxidative degradation of tyrosine, catalyzed by tyrosinase, and polymerized into insoluble granular substance. The main function of melanin is to protect from harmful agents, primarily UV radiation, but also from oxidation, heavy metals, etc. In this volume, chapters deal with production of melanin in human oral mucosa (Liviu et al.), the regulation of melanin action (Cecile et al.), production and potential technological application of fungal melanins (Pombiero-Sponchiado et al.) and an innovative method for measuring melanin in various samples (Zdybel et al.). In conclusion, this volume presents various biological and industrial aspects of melanin production, uses and analysis.

In the present research work, it has the objective of demonstrating and arguing that the organization and characteristics of Chavín correspond properly to that of a State, such as government, territory and nation. As for its sociopolitical organization, itwas established under a theocratic system as one of the first forms of institutionalization, for which it was headed by the priests, followed by the warrior nobility and the people. Establishing ideological legitimacy, severely in religion and mythology; on the other hand, Chavín was constituted by a coercive force that contributed to the good organization that it possessed inside and outside its territory, therefore, it is implied that it was a great State, likewise, they have demonstrated their abilitiessuch as: the use of stone for the construction of public and private temples, which benefit from the good development of their society within their territory, in relation to the sovereignty that they had over political, social, cultural and economic activities. Another characteristic is that it possessed production surpluses, which manifested it through the distribution of wealth; and investigating a little more in the activities carried out by the inhabitants of Chavín, it is shown that they had a fairly developed agriculture. So, based on all the information collected and the analysis of each of the characteristics, we can conclude that Chavín meets the conditions and requirements to be considered a State.

Ravenna is the place which preserves the highest number of historical evidence among all centres featuring the late Roman Mediterranean. Its cultural heritage is vast and composite, ranging from papyri to inscriptions, from ivories to marbles. Starting from concrete typologies of hand-manufactured goods existing in the Ravennate milieu, the book aims to explore the multifaceted traditions of late antique and early Byzantine handicraft.