Open Access Books

La etnografía es una de las bases de la investigación en an­tropología social y cultural. A partir del trabajo de campo en un territorio y con una población específica, busca alcanzar un conocimiento profundo de las distintas realidades exis­tentes, ejerciendo una mirada externa para aprender sus interioridades. Este libro plantea cómo los etnógrafos abordan su compromiso al emprender la investigación, en un proceso de análisis y reflexión que los obliga a replantearse continua­mente sus supuestos. Todos los artículos contenidos en él es­tán inspirados en las líneas de estudio que ha desarrollado el antropólogo Joan Frigolé, que abarcan desde la etnografía y el trabajo de campo hasta la literatura, pasando por las relaciones de parentesco y los modelos de procreación. Es la voz crítica del maestro la que acompaña a los investigadores en el proceso de pensar y repensar sus caminos etnográficos.

Advancements in the management of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases have been possible through a better understanding of their underlying mechanisms. For instance, the development of direct-acting antivirals has been achieved through improved knowledge of HCV infection. The incidences of peptic disease and stomach cancer have been reduced through efforts to decrease H. pylori infection, increased use of proton-pump inhibitors, and greater accessibility to gastroscopies. Targeted therapies such as anti-TNF, anti-IL12/23, and anti-JAK have been developed based on an understanding of the inflammatory pathways involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, increased knowledge of the microbiota will lead to novel clinical applications beyond gut-related diseases.

This book discusses trends in the energy industries of emerging economies in all continents. It provides the forum for dissemination and exchange of scientific and engineering information on the theoretical generic and applied areas of scientific and engineering knowledge relating to electrical power infrastructure in the global marketplace. It is a timely reference to modern deregulated energy infrastructure: challenges of restructuring electricity markets in emerging economies. The topics deal with nuclear and hydropower worldwide; biomass; energy potential of the oceans; geothermal energy; reliability; wind power; integrating renewable and dispersed electricity into the grid; electricity markets in Africa, Asia, China, Europe, India, Russia, and in South America. In addition the merits of GHG programs and markets on the electrical power industry, market mechanisms and supply adequacy in hydro-dominated countries in Latin America, energy issues under deregulated environments (including insurance issues) and the African Union and new partnerships for Africa's development is considered.

Precedence of Constitution; Normativity and Constitution; Constitutional History of Europe; Constitutionality of Revolutions; American Constitutional History; Constitutional Normativity; Fundamental Laws; Old Liberties in European History; Unconstitutionality of Statutes; Judicial Review; Normativity and Precedence; Constitutional Precedence of the 3 May System; Constitutional Precedence and Polish Substantial Criminal Law; 1815 Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland; Belgian Constitution of 1831; 1815 Constitution of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands; Constituent Power and Constitutionalism in 19th Century Norway; Spirit of the Albertine Statute; Hans Kelsen and Adolf Julius Merkl

Obra climatológica que oferece tratamento dinâmico às questões climáticas do Mato Grosso do Sul, principalmente à circulação atmosférica regional e às implicações pluviais. Considerando-se que tal região, a exemplo do que ocorre com o território paulista, encontra-se na confluência dos principais sistemas atmosféricos da América do Sul, possuindo mais de um tipo de regime pluviométrico (áreas com regime do tipo "Brasil Central" e outras com regime do tipo "Brasil Meridional"), o autor deste livro procura compreender a relevância de estudos que privilegiam a distribuição das chuvas como um dos indicadores do seu "mosaico" climático. Para tanto descreve as chuvas anuais, sazonais e mensais do período de 1966 a 1985 e, depois, as chuvas diárias do triênio 1983-1985, analisando-as do ponto de vista rítmico. Trata-se de um estudo original, uma vez que se fundamenta na dinâmica das massas de ar, isto é, das cadeias fundamentais dos tipos de tempo, dos mecanismos frontológicos e dos ritmos pluviais, metodologia que possibilitou não apenas entrever as relações atmosfera-território sulmatogrossense como, também, propor uma classificação climática de base genética, ainda que sob a forma de "tentativa".

Toute idée du citoyen implique l’élaboration de visions théoriques et de moyens pratiques de mise en œuvre d’une éducation à la citoyenneté. Qu’est-ce qui fait de l’homme un citoyen ? À quelles conditions l’éducation s’avère-t-elle capable d’assurer dans la durée la cohésion sociale ou la liberté politique ? Quelles ressources peut-elle trouver dans le passé pour envisager l’avenir ? Ce livre tente de répondre à ces questions en réunissant des contributions issues de l’histoire, de la philosophie, de la sociologie et des sciences du langage, qui ont constitué le cœur des journées d’étude consacrées à l’éducation à la citoyenneté à l’ESPE de Franche-Comté les 5 et 6 novembre 2015.

Technological innovation (4IR) in law teaching and learning: Enhancement or drawback during Covid-19? book emerged from a lecture series the Faculty of Law at UP hosted in the 2021 academic year. Aiming to test the state of teaching and learning during the pandemic, the lecture series asked whether ERT and learning (ERTL) compromised or enhanced the teaching and learning of law. Among others, various academics from UP Law as well as from the universities of KwaZulu-Natal, Johannesburg and Free State. as well as officials from the DHET, participated in the series. This collection comprises chapters written by some of the representatives who were involved in the lecture series. This book aims to set the tone for teaching and learning of law after the pandemic. It is our hope that the lessons learnt during the pandemic will be adopted in the day-to-day teaching pedagogy of law in the future. Despite the disruptions caused by the pandemic, a possibly unseen benefit can be identified. As this book argues, law teaching and learning using technological innovations have been positive for both academics and students. Thanks to technological innovation, the discipline of law is arguably in a far better position after the pandemic than before.

The text at issue written by Otto Leichter for his wife from September 1938 to August 1939 in his Exile in Paris is a unique documentation of the inside view of the loss of a beloved person during the time of one year. In addition to that the diary in letters is of great historic and social importance because both, the writer and the addressee were important persons in Austrian history, who were threatened as Social Democrats and by the race laws of Nuremberg as Jews. In the diary in letters Otto Leichter reported about his living conditions in the exile in Paris. Different to papers which were written for a greater group of readers, the author did not have to show consideration for other people. He could write down his real opinions and estimations but also his needs and aversions. So Otto Leichter reported about himself, his social surroundings, his view of the political development but also about Käthe Leichter and his relationship to her but also about her frame of mind in view of the various reprisals. We can see continuity as his longing for her, his hope for a reunion and his keen mind in political interests. But we also see the break in his relationship to political companions and the great loss of his trust in European politics. In addition to that we can observe how Otto Leichter vacillated between very realistic political analyses and the resulting despair and his desperately cling to the hope for reunion. His manifold description of problems caused by the separation is firstly a documentation of suffer, but it also marks the strong connection between the two partners. Otto Leichter lost his closest reliable person, the mother of his children, his sexual partner and his most important political companion, and he suffered very hard on the separation. Käthe Leichter, the real addressee could not ever see these words (she was murdered at concentration camp in 1942), but the diary in letters is a really extraordinary source for historical research, that should be available for a greater number of readers as scientific edition.

In the era of climate change, the resilience of crop plants is vital for global food security. Abiotic Stress in Crop Plants - Ecophysiological Responses and Molecular Approaches addresses the challenges posed by stressors like extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, and flooding. This comprehensive volume features 13 chapters that explore ecophysiology and plant responses to environmental stress, adaptation mechanisms, strategies plants use to survive under adverse conditions, and genetic and molecular bases of stress tolerance. By integrating these areas, the book offers a holistic view of plant responses to abiotic stress, compiling recent advancements and cutting-edge research. It is an essential resource for scientists, researchers, and students dedicated to enhancing crop resilience and promoting sustainable agriculture.

David Pol presents an ontology of war in the form of the lyric poem. “Do you hear what I’m shooting at you?” In I Open Fire, all relation is warfare. Minefields compromise movement. Intention aims. Touch burns. Sex explodes bodies. Time ticks in bomb countdowns. Sound is sirens. Plenitude is debris. All of it under surveillance. “My world is critically injured. It was ambushed.” The poems in this book perform the reductions and repetitions endemic to war itself, each one returning the reader to the same, unthinkable place in which the range of human experience has been so flattened that, despite all the explosive action, “Almost nothing is happening.” Against this backdrop, we continue to fall in love. But Pol’s poems remind us that this is no reason for optimism. Does love offer a delusional escape from war, or are relationships the very definition of combat? These poems take up the themes of love, sex, marriage, touch, hope — in short, the many dimensions of interpersonal connection — in a world in unprecedentedly critical condition. “And when the night goes off the shock wave throws us apart toward each other.”

Translated for the first time into Portuguese from Ancient Greek, Plutarch's Parallel Lives of Lycurgus and Numa is a foundational text in both classical studies and the history of Western political thought. Though shrouded in myth, Lycurgus and Numa would have a significant impact on the ancient legal and political tradition, and their influence endures well into the present day. The former biography, that of the Spartan Lycurgus, had a controversial reception history, having been frequently quoted in the handbooks of Prussian military academies and elite Nazi schools, where he was upheld as a model of discipline and obedience. Meanwhile, the biography of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, is one of the few sources for the foundation of the city’s religious institutions. Being himself a Sabine and characterised by Plutarch as a pacifist, the figure of Numa helped to produce the perception of Rome as a stable and multi-ethnic force in the ancient world.

Die Verbrennungsluft der untersuchten Gasfilmdüse wird auf zwei Teilströme aufgeteilt, wobei der äußere Luftstrom den inneren konzentrisch umschließt. Daher steht als zusätzlicher Freiheitsgrad die gleich- oder gegensinnige Verdrallung der Einzelströme zur Verfügung.Die durchgeführten Experimente ergeben eine signifikante Erweiterung des Betriebsbereiches der Düse bei gegensinniger Verdrallung. Dies ist neben konvektivem Brennstoffttransport durch einen zusätzlichen Mündungswirbel maßgeblich auf die stabilere radiale Strömungsschichtung zurückzuführen.

Osteogenesis is a core component of the skeletal system and depends on the well-coordinated proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors tightly regulate the process of osteogenesis. Any abnormities in bone formation could cause severe disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta and osteoporosis. Bone regeneration, a complex and well-orchestrated physiological process of osteogenesis, remains a medical challenge in the field of orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery. This book provides an overview of the current developments in osteogenesis and bone regeneration, including molecular and cellular mechanisms, physical therapies (low-level laser, distraction osteogenesis), biological therapies (mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell derived exosomes, inflammatory factor, Chinese medicine), as well as tissue engineering approaches promoting bone regeneration by targeting osteogenesis.

Shepherd's books are often seen as hyper-sweetened, static narrative worlds of Neoplatonic love. In contrast, La Galatea has been seen as the novel that introduces violence - or, at least, that which occurs before the reader's eyes - into this tradition, and at the same time as a literary failure on the part of Alcalá. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, a recurring motif in these plots is the continuous ‘startle’ that the characters, beset by multiple dangers, receive. This book offers a survey and analysis of the abundant inclusion of scenes of physical aggression in the complete corpus of pastoral novels written in the Castilian language. Its pages propose a categorisation and diachronic study of the techniques for regulating violence in the development of the genre and its main changes between the 16th and 17th centuries. Through a methodological proposal that merges close and distant reading for the analysis of the transformations of this literary genre, it establishes the constants and variables in the configuration of the economy of violence in this tradition, without abandoning the stylistic study of the scenes, the consideration of the path that marks the influence of some on others, nor the intersection between the pastoral and courtly matter that occurs at the heart of the shepherds' books from their birth to their decline.

When we think of a “woman entrepreneur”, what comes to mind? Women entrepreneurs hold a dominant presence in political, social, economic and development imaginaries, as a global class of workers typifying the contemporary, neoliberal era. Their enterprise is readily proffered as the evidence of a nation’s progress, inclusion and development. International institutions, development banks, states, civil society groups, corporations and international financial institutions promote women’s enterprise in nearly every corner of the globe. A powerful mythology has grown up around the idea of women as empowered, financial saviour-mothers who benefit the prosperity, inclusivity, and security of a nation and the global economy. In this book, Melissa Langworthy exposes these myths for what they are and in offering a political economy of women’s enterprise, she asks what value women’s enterprise gives, not to women, but to the institutions that have shaped them and placed them in the centre of the global imaginary.