Open Access Books

Dieser Band der Bad Orber Gespräche 2013 enthält die erweiterten Referate eines interdisziplinären Workshops zum Thema Versorgungsdefizite im deutschen Gesundheitswesen? Probleme der regionalen Versorgungsunterschiede, der Mengenentwicklung und Finanzierung im Krankenhausbereich, der Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln und des Arzneimittelmarktneuordnungsgesetzes werden erörtert. Dabei kommen Vertreter des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses, des Bundesversicherungsamtes, des GKV-Spitzenverbandes, der Krankenkassen, der Krankenhausträger, des Zentralinstituts für die Kassenärztliche Versorgung, der pharmazeutischen Industrie und der Wissenschaft zu Wort.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Arthritis has a high prevalence globally and includes over 100 types, the most common of which are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. All types of arthritis share common features of the disease, including monocyte infiltration, inflammation, synovial swelling, pannus formation, stiffness in the joints, and articular cartilage destruction. The exact etiology of arthritis remains unclear, and no cure exists as of yet. Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs and corticosteroids) are commonly used in the treatment of arthritis. However, these drugs are associated with significant side effects, such as gastric bleeding and an increased risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of arthritis and seek to discover novel modes of therapy. This reprint summarizes the themes of the 29 articles published in our Special Issue “Research of Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutics in Arthritis 2.0”. This reprint details important novel research discoveries that contribute to our current understanding of arthritis.

Man schrieb August 1922, als im Café Bazar eine zukunftsweisende, völkerverbindende Idee geboren wurde: die Gründung der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Neue Musik (IGNM) als Interessensvertretung der Komponist*innen aber auch Interpret*innen zeitgenössischer Musik. Sechzehn prominente Musikwissenschaftler*innen aus mehreren Ländern Europas, den USA und Australien zeichnen im vorliegenden Sammelband die wechselvolle Geschichte dieser Gesellschaft nach, nehmen Erfolge und ihren Einfluss auf die globale Musikszene in den Blick und lassen die Bedeutung zeitgenössischer Komposition in Salzburgs Musikleben aufleuchten. It was August 1922 when a forward-looking, unifying idea was born in Café Bazar: the founding of the International Society for New Music (IGNM) to represent the interests of composers and performers of contemporary music. In this anthology, sixteen prominent musicologists from several European countries, the USA and Australia trace the eventful history of this society, examine its successes and influence on the global music scene and shed light on the significance of contemporary composition in Salzburg’s musical life.

This edited volume presents 30 years of English didactics research (1988–2017) in Norway. As a collection of chapters, each representing a doctoral study, the book is a complete overview of all doctoral research within the field. Each study discusses empirical, methodological and theoretical contributions, and implications for teaching English as a second or additional language (L2) today.

Published

The myth regarding Niobe was already extremely famous in ancient times, and her actions still resonate today. She offended the goddess Leto by comparing her own offspring to Leto’s two children, Apollo and Artemis, and was punished by the goddess in a horrendous way, with the killing of her children. Her legendary mourning is already quoted in one of the most famous passages of the Iliad, during the encounter between Achilles and Priam. While Aeschylus, in his now fragmentary play on Niobe, represented on stage her silent mourning on the tomb of her children (a prelude to her metamorphosis into a forever weeping stone on Mount Sipylus), Sophocles focused his tragedy on the most shocking part of the myth: the killing of Niobe’s sons and daughters by Apollo and Artemis. This volume contains a new critical edition of Sophocles’ Niobe with a translation and a commentary. The text also includes fragments and testimonia that were not taken into account in the fourth volume of TrGF by Stefan Radt. The papyrus fragments and testimonies have been re-edited following direct personal re-examination of the original manuscripts. The introduction focuses on the content and mutual collocation of the fragments and testimonies, proposing a new dispositio fragmentorum (accompanied by a new numeration). This new disposition will shed new light on the overall reconstruction of the plot of the tragedy and of its staging. In the commentary, testimonia and fragments, in which the text is preserved in full or can be at least partially reconstructed, are followed by an Italian translation. The translation is followed by a general introduction in which the content and the context of each fragment and testimony are given, together with a metrical analysis of the passage (in the case of poetic fragments) and a commentary that examines textual and papyrological problems, as well as aspects of vocabulary, grammar and syntax, trying also to reconstruct key scenes of the play and their staging. Visual representations of Niobe’s myth that are useful for understanding important details of the story are discussed and examined within the commentary. The volume is closed by an appendix that considers four fragments to which Radt refers at the end of his introduction to the Niobe. These fragments have been attributed to this play in the past but should not be considered as part of it now, either because their attribution is erroneous or, at best, because it is extremely doubtful.

This reprint, based on the Special Issue of Polymers titled "Research Progress on Chitosan Applications", highlights the innovative advancements in chitosan-based materials. Chitosan, a versatile natural polymer, has proven to be invaluable across fields such as biomedicine, environmental sustainability, and industry. The studies presented here explore diverse applications, including drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, antimicrobial coatings, and eco-friendly agricultural solutions. Notable breakthroughs include enhanced therapeutic efficacy through encapsulation technologies, bioactive hydrogels for regenerative medicine, and sustainable methods for food preservation and water purification. These works emphasize chitosan’s adaptability and its role in addressing critical global challenges. We extend our gratitude to the authors for their insightful contributions and to the reviewers for ensuring the quality of this reprint. Their efforts provided a robust foundation for advancing the understanding and utilization of chitosan-based materials. We hope that this reprint inspires further research and innovation, driving progress in polymer science and sustainable solutions for the benefit of society.

Esta obra analiza las políticas fiscales así como la comprensión de los efectos potenciales en todos los sectores de la economía

Reúne artigos que instigam e fundamentam o debate sobre a formação dos trabalhadores de nível médio para a saúde, campo em que estudos e publicações ainda são escassos. Abordando um leque abrangente de temas, a coletânea discute a questão sob variados pontos de vista: histórico, sociológico, pedagógico, técnico e metodológico. Resulta de análises de práticas vivenciadas na EPSJV/Fiocruz, o que em muito confere aos ensaios originalidade e exemplaridade. Sem a pretensão de apresentar respostas dogmáticas, o livro é uma contribuição para a superação de obstáculos e descompassos que vêm caracterizando a trajetória da profissionalização na área da saúde.

Cicéron, en tant que maître d’éloquence, est l’un des auteurs classiques les plus copiés au Moyen Âge. Figure tutélaire de la rhétorique, il est aussi un modèle récurrent des pratiques vertueuses, christianisé par les Pères de l’Église. À ces influences, l’historiographie consacrée à l’Italie communale a ajouté une dimension politique, en notant, tout particulièrement dans le cadre florentin, l’application des normes cicéroniennes aux définitions du juste gouvernement et du bon citoyen. Or cette dette médiévale n’est pas datée avec précision par les historiens : à quand faire remonter les prémices de l’« humanisme civique » ? Ce livre vise à estimer le rôle formateur et légitimateur attribué à Cicéron quant aux normes civiques communales. Par le biais de l’auteur classique, il interroge l’unité et les spécificités des idéaux politiques de cet espace institutionnel en mobilisant un large corpus : sources normatives, florilèges, dictamina, traités de regimine, traductions invitent à reconsidérer le regard « républicain » qu’aurait porté le lecteur médiéval sur ce modèle antique.

De toutes les femmes qui ont joué un rôle important dans la vie de Baudelaire, madame Sabatier - la Présidente - est sans doute celle sur laquelle on a le plus écrit. Pourtant, Une femme trop gaie enrichit et modifie le regard porté sur l’héroïne et son destin. L’auteur parvient en effet à éclairer les zones d’ombre entretenues par Edmond Richard, dernier amant et premier biographe de la Présidente, et à dissiper quelques légendes tenaces, grâce à des archives en grande partie inédites. En mê...

This chapter provides a commentary of Article 10 of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). The commentary places emphasis on the ways in which Article 10 has been interpreted and applied by various arbitral tribunals constituted pursuant to the ECT. This chapter is based on a comprehensive survey of decisions of those ECT arbitral tribunals and the existing literature on Part III and Article 10. Article 10 belongs to Part III. Part III sets out obligations regarding ‘promotion, protection and treatment’ of investments under the ECT. Article 10 is a complex provision, which comprises Article 10(1) and 10(2)–10(12), and sets out the standards of investment protection under the ECT. Article 10(1), in particular, is divided into ‘five sentences’. The ECT and Article 10, in particular, do not operate in a vacuum, but as a special system of treaty law within the broader framework of general international law. Consequently, this chapter addresses various general international law questions arising in connection with arbitrations under the ECT, including issues governed by the law of treaties and the law of international responsibility.

Mathematical models have been frequently studied in recent decades, in order to obtain the deeper properties of real-world problems. In particular, if these problems, such as finance, soliton theory and health problems, as well as problems arising in applied science and so on, affect humans from all over the world, studying such problems is inevitable. In this sense, the first step in understanding such problems is the mathematical forms. This comes from modeling events observed in various fields of science, such as physics, chemistry, mechanics, electricity, biology, economy, mathematical applications, and control theory. Moreover, research done involving fractional ordinary or partial differential equations and other relevant topics relating to integer order have attracted the attention of experts from all over the world. Various methods have been presented and developed to solve such models numerically and analytically. Extracted results are generally in the form of numerical solutions, analytical solutions, approximate solutions and periodic properties. With the help of newly developed computational systems, experts have investigated and modeled such problems. Moreover, their graphical simulations have also been presented in the literature. Their graphical simulations, such as 2D, 3D and contour figures, have also been investigated to obtain more and deeper properties of the real world problem.

Extending the limits of the award-winning Routledge Handbook to Nineteenth-Century Periodicals and Newspapers (2016) and its companion volume (and also award-winning) Researching the Nineteenth-Century Press: Case Studies (2017), Work and the Nineteenth-Century Press: Living Work for Living People advances our knowledge of how our identities have become inextricably defined by work. The collection’s innovative focus on the nineteenth-century British press’s relationship to work illuminates an area whose effects are still evident today but which has been almost totally neglected hitherto. Offering bold new interpretative frameworks and provocative methodologies in media history and literary studies developed by an exciting group of new and established talent, this volume seeks to set a new research agenda for nineteenth-century interdisciplinary studies.