Open Access Books

The aim of this book is to show that seemingly illogical double identity of the townsman, Sukeroku, and the samurai, Soga Goro, in the play Sukeroku is a surviving element of what was once a complex and coherent structure based on a traditional performance calendar. To show how the calendar function and what Sukeroku's double identity signifies, the book is divided into two parts. Part One studies the structure of Edo kabuki. The first chapter, which outlines that structure, is based for the most part on writings of the Tokugawa period. The second chapter then looks at the concepts of sekai, "tradition," and shuko, "innovation." Kabuki was the product of material that had become a familiar part of Japanese culture by repeated use and dramatization over long periods of time, starting before kabuki began, and material that was relatively new and was used to transform the older, set material. The double identity in Sukeroku came about as a result of this interplay between what was received by way of traditional and what was added by way of innovation. Part Two considers the significance of the double identity. The author concludes that Sukeroku's double identity gave Edo audiences a hero who was an idealization of the contemporary Tokugawa townsman and at the same time a transformation of a samurai god-hero of the past. The first chapter of Part Two traces the development of Sukeroku's Soga Goro/samurai identity, from its origins in the early dramatic forms of no, kowaka, and ko-joruri, to the representation of Soga Goro in kabuki by Ichikawa Danjuro I. The seconds then looks at the transformation of Soga Gorointo Sukeroku by discussing the origins of Sukeroku and its introductions to Edo kabuki by Ichikawa Danjuro I and his son, Danjuro II, since their work was the basis of all later developments.

Over the past decade, the field of robotics has become increasingly popular among educators and researchers alike as a powerful tool for enhancing learning experiences. From preschool to high school students, educational robotics has shown the potential to improve cognitive and social skills, while facilitating interdisciplinary learning activities in various subjects such as science, mathematics, technology, and computer science. This reprint explores the emerging field of educational robotics, focusing on its creation, implementation, improvement, and validation of pedagogical activities, tools, and technologies. Our goal is to provide an overview of the latest research, trends, and best practices in the field, particularly emphasizing how educational robotics can enhance students' learning experiences in an engaging and interactive environment. Moreover, drawing on a literature review, this book explores the growing field of educational robotics and its potential to revolutionize science and technology education at all levels. Through hands-on, fun activities and an attractive learning environment, educational robotics can spark students' interest and curiosity, making learning a more enjoyable and rewarding experience. We hope this reprint will serve as a valuable resource for educators, researchers, and students alike, inspiring them to explore the exciting world of educational robotics and its potential to transform how we teach and learn.

Published

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) make up an extremely interesting class of materials. On the one hand GNRs share many of the superlative properties of graphene, while on the other hand they display an exceptional degree of tunability of their optoelectronic properties. The presence or absence of correlated low-dimensional magnetism, or of a widely tunable band gap, is determined by the boundary conditions imposed by the width, crystallographic symmetry and edge structure of the nanoribbons. In combination with additional controllable parameters like the presence of heteroatoms, tailored strain, or the formation of heterostructures, the possibilities to shape the electronic properties of GNRs according to our needs are fantastic. However, to really benefit from that tunability and harness the opportunities offered by GNRs, atomic precision is strictly required in their synthesis. This can be achieved through an on-surface synthesis approach, in which one lets appropriately designed precursor molecules to react in a selective way that ends up forming GNRs. In this chapter we review the structure-property relations inherent to GNRs, the synthesis approach and the ways in which the varied properties of the resulting ribbons have been probed, finalizing with selected examples of demonstrated GNR applications.

Mit Blick auf Leichtbauanwendungen ist der Bedarf an thermoplastischen Strukturbauteilen sowohl in der Automobil- als auch in der Luftfahrtindustrie in den letzten Jahren deutlich angestiegen. Das quasi-simultane Laser-Durchstrahlschweißen ist ein etabliertes Kunststoffschweißverfahren, welches jedoch zur Herstellung von tragenden und sicherheitsrelevanten Bauteilen bislang kaum in Betracht gezogen wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Korrelation zwischen dem Prozessablauf und der Schweißnahtfestigkeit beim quasi-simultanen Laser-Durchstrahlschweißen von Polyamid 6 (Ultramid B3s) erstmalig untersucht. Zur Prozessanalyse wird ein 3D-Scanner mit integriertem Pyrometer realisiert und für die Messaufgabe kalibriert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die detektierte Wärmestrahlung dem Kern der Schweißnaht zuzuordnen ist. Die Kerntemperatur in der quasi-stationären Prozessphase steht in direkter Korrelation mit der Schweißnahtfestigkeit. Mit steigender Kerntemperatur bzw. Molekülbeweglichkeit erhöht sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Bildung von Molekül-Verschlaufungen in der Fügeebene. Zur Ermittlung der Kerntemperatur ist sowohl die in dieser Arbeit entwickelte Temperaturmesstechnik als auch die realisierte numerische Prozesssimulation nutzbar. Die Erkenntnisse in dieser Arbeit sind für eine festigkeits- und zeitoptimierten Prozessführung des quasi-simultanen Laser-Durchstrahlschweißens nutzbar.

In The Democracy of Objects Bryant proposes that we break with the epistemological tradition and once again initiate the project of ontology as first philosophy. Bryant develops a realist ontology, called -onticology-, which argues that being is composed entirely of objects, properties, and relations. Bryant proposes that objects are dynamic systems that relate to the world under conditions of operational closure.

Interacciones Educativas presenta las iniciativas de diferentes agentes educativos e investigadores que buscan favorecer una mejor relación entre los individuos y su entorno, dotándolos de herramientas culturales relevantes para actuar en el mundo. Sus autores y autoras dialogan con diferentes realidades y necesidades educativas a través rigurosos ejercicios de investigación que ponen en juego conocimientos, habilidades y metodologías de trabajo cuidadosamente diseñadas, evaluadas y discutidas con el fin de entender en profundidad los alcances psicosociales de las diferentes prácticas educativas presentadas. Los seis capítulos que presenta este libro se ocupan de la promoción del aprendizaje, es decir, del fortalecimiento de los procesos de desarrollo de habilidades y conocimientos en contextos especícos. A través de sus páginas el lector encontrará que esta promoción del aprendizaje bien puede referirse al conjunto de acciones que se dirigen hacia los agentes educativos de tal forma que puedan apropiarse de recursos pedagógicos relevantes al aprendizaje, o bien al conjunto de acciones dirigidas a los propios estudiantes favoreciendo en ellos aspectos fundamentales como la autonomía, la construcción de una clara identidad social y cultural que les permita una mejor participación en su comunidad, desarrollando competencias escritoras y metacognitivas; adicionalmente, el libro muestra que cuando estas acciones son orientadas a poblaciones adultas, también permiten poner en marcha proyectos de desarrollo socioeconómico. La educación en Interacciones Educativas se presenta como una práctica no solo de intervención, sino también y especialmente de investigación que permite no solo modicar el mundo y sus relaciones, sino también entenderlo en su complejidad.

Submarine hydrothermal activity has been a focus of research since its discovery in the 1970s. It is widely believed that submarine hydrothermal activity offers significant prospects for the development of mineral and biological resources, and also that it has a considerable impact on the immediate seawater environment. The study of submarine hydrothermal activity is a multi-disciplinary topic that includes tectonics, petrology, mineralogy, sedimentology, chemistry and oceanography. The development of hydrothermal circulation is controlled in tectonic and magmatic settings, including extensional tectonics where shallow magma reservoirs exist. The chemical compositions of hydrothermal fluids, which are affected by fluid–rock interactions beneath the seafloor and potentially by magma degassing are recorded in hydrothermal minerals, sediments, and seawater. Naturally, such a broad area of research cannot be advanced without the development of exploratory and analytical techniques. This Special Issue includes 13 research works, which cover the chemical and isotopic compositions of seafloor hydrothermal sulfides and fluids, the magmatic process in shallow magma reservoirs and its relations with hydrothermal system, subduction chemical recycling, and progress in exploratory and analytical technologies for seafloor hydrothermal activity.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to pay tribute to the significant contributions made by Professor Feng Qi in these fields and to provide some important recent advances in theory, methods, and applications.

This Special Issue opens a new field of research in certain emerging innovative instruments, because it provides an in-depth revision of the main aspects of institutions and instruments available for the management and governance of droughts and water scarcity. The key aspects that institutions may tackle not only include the increasing water scarcity in many regions around the world but also the increasing frequency and impact of droughts on economic and natural systems. Some of the included papers analyze critical issues, such as the state and future trends of water markets; the estimation of transaction costs when dealing with drought management; and the use of new instruments, such as insurance and water-rights entitlements, which include water security, water-pricing effects on the whole basin level, and intra- and inter-sectorial re-allocation. The important issues regarding non-conventional water supply and the governance of the new resources also feature as the focus of some of the contributions.

Kleine Kommunen in ländlichen Räumen leiden zunehmend unter klammen Kassen. Die Beiträger*innen versammeln Perspektiven aus der Geographie, Finanz- und Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie sowie Sozialer Arbeit und fragen, was die Ursachen und Folgen der Austeritätspolitik sind und welche Visionen es für eine Verbesserung gibt. Dabei kommen neben Wissenschaftler*innen auch Praktiker*innen, etwa aus dem kommunalen Spitzenverband und dem Sachverständigenrat für Wirtschaft der Bundesregierung, zu Wort. Sie argumentieren, dass auskömmliche Kommunalfinanzen zentral sind – nicht nur für eine gut ausgestattete öffentliche Daseinsvorsorge, sondern auch gegen die aktuelle rechte Landnahme.

This Reprint Book provides recent studies addressing encapsulation systems for active compounds (e.g., drugs and food ingredients) to improve the quality of life around the world. The content may be helpful for the colleagues and students working on encapsulation of active compounds.

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Quito no es tan solo una ciudad. Su carácter de Patrimonio de la Humanidad implica mutaciones y recomposiciones urbanas radicales que condicionan el desarrollo de la urbe en su totalidad, especialmente de su Centro Histórico, y afectan desde la vida cotidiana de sus habitantes hasta los asuntos relacionados con la planificación y las regulaciones urbanas. Esta obra investiga tales aspectos a través de una mirada histórica que arranca en 1908 y culmina en 1996 a la vez que incluye la investiga...