Open Access Books

Urban heritage conundrumUrban built environments are spatial and material archives. Streets, buildings, open spaces, or infrastructures are registers of historical negotiations and repositories of data. Stories of power, geopolitics, economic systems, labour and culture can be revealed through road names and construction materials, portals and pediments, park benches and chimneys. Embodying our desires, needs, and resources, they condition how we live and interact with each other, and trigger countless reinterpretations and re-appropriations. Most of this dense layering is not immediately legible; it has not been decoded. Rather it is part of a more intuitive, lived sense of “urbanity” that generates contemporary individual and collective senses of identity and belonging. These complex urban palimpsests form the constitutive stages upon, with and against which everyday and extraordinary cultural life is performed.

The Vienna Genesis (Austrian National Library, Codex Theologicus graecus 31) is a fragmentary Greek manuscript of the Book of Genesis written on purple dyed parchment with silver ink. It is assumed that the book was created in the first half of the 6th century in the Near East. 24 folios with 48 miniatures have survived and have been stored at the Austrian National Library since 1664. The Vienna Genesis is famous for its rich cycle of biblical illuminations. The silver ink's degradation, which has resulted in extensive damage to the parchment, was already observed in the 17th century. In a three-year research project the parchment, the silver inks, the pigments and dyes were investigated. The detailed material analysis formed the base for conservation and preservation of the manuscript. The book describes the different studies of the project and their results: How was parchment made in Late Antiquity? How was parchment dyed purple? What is the purple dye of the Vienna Genesis? What is the composition of the silver ink and what are the causes of the severe damage? Which pigments were used by the different painters? How can the Vienna Genesis be best conserved for the future?

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The United Nations has expressed that every person should have access to paid work. However, people with disabilities appear to be structurally disadvantaged as they are 50 % less often employed compared to people without disabilities. All kind of barriers and hindrances in society and the labour market put them at a disadvantage. This entry describes these barriers, focusing primarily on organizational aspects, and the measures that are available that should help to overcome these barriers. The current tendency of jobs becoming more demanding and homogeneous makes the threshold of entering the labour market even higher, and make it more difficult for a large group of people to find employment. A solution might be to use job (re)design to create jobs of different levels of complexity, and requiring different levels of competencies. This might also help to address some organizational needs, like reducing sickness absence.

The transformation of West German society in the long 1950s led to changes in society`s understanding of masculinity. Men who were different &#8211 disabled war veterans, the homeless, homosexuals &#8211 were under pressure to conform. This book tells the stories of men who were flawed, expounds on the crisis of masculinity, and illuminates the forces that promoted and inhibited greater life-style diversity.

Generally, in the treatment of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater lagoon systems of anaerobic, aerobic and facultative type are used with the purpose of eliminating the polluting agent that can reach a natural body of water can consume the existing oxygen and collapse all the life forms. This chapter focuses on the diagnosis of an oxidation facultative lagoon present in a Sugar Mill, analyzing in three critical points, the coloration, the sulfur, the nitrogen, the phosphorus, the calcium, the magnesium and the relation between the nutrients with the chemical demand of oxygen, the biochemical demand of oxygen and the dissolved total solids. From this we found an inappropriate relationship between the symbiotic processes between algae and bacteria, which contributes to a loss of efficiency in the process of removal of organic matter.

Globally, poor hygiene and sanitation contribute to more than 1,000 daily deaths from diarrhoeal diseases among children under the age of 5, while two thirds of urban wastewaters are discharged without treatment into lakes, rivers and coastal waters. Across Europe the percentage of the population connected to wastewater treatment plants varies from 14% to >99% with many reliant on unsuitable decentralised sanitation systems or no wastewater treatment at all. With less than a decade left to achieve the 2030 sanitation targets as set out in the Sustainable Development Goals, there is an urgent need to develop new treatment solutions that can be rapidly deployed to meet the needs of growing urban and peri-urban populations, together with under-served rural communities. This book discusses decentralised wastewater treatment and the role of nature-based solutions within the context of the twenty-partner international INNOQUA project. INNOQUA set out to develop and demonstrate a suite of modular, low cost, decentralised solutions that use the combined capabilities of earthworms, bacteria, Cladocera and micro-algae to deliver nature-based primary, secondary and tertiary treatment – followed by UV disinfection. Design and operation principles are outlined, together with performance data and practical feedback from pilot and demonstration facilities situated in eleven countries from Ecuador to Scotland and India. Barriers and drivers towards more widespread uptake of these technologies are also examined, alongside an exploration of existing markets for nature-based sanitation in the Global South.

This publication addresses the topic of remigration – focussing on the return of exiles to Germany and Austria after 1945. The articles of this book explore the multidiscipli-nary field primarily from the point of view of social sciences and humanities, thereby aiming at a systematic approach.

The question of the human/non-human boundary remains unanswered today. This book explores the relationship between people, society and nature through the lens of robots and robotics research. Blending ethnographic fieldwork with critical analysis and literature, it develops an original interpretation of contemporary technology – that a deeper understanding of the field leads to a greater appreciation for human embodiment and creativity, rather than a belief in imminent machine intelligence.

Along the action forms of playing, learning and working, the most diverse forms of cooperation and collaboration in and between learning workshops are discussed and research approaches as well as facets of pedagogical learning workshop work are described. It becomes clear that playing without learning and working, learning without playing and working and working without playing and learning is unthinkable. In this way, a monoculture of playing, learning and working is overcome and a reciprocal conditionality in pedagogical action becomes visible. Learning workshops are also places in which being at work or being active, discourse and reflection in learning, work and play situations are the focus and in which cooperation, which may be understood pragmatically, can become collaboration based on the subject matter.

Reliable diagnosis is the cornerstone, starting point, and prerequisite of successful treatment. Therefore, development of innovative diagnostic technologies represents a hot topic in medical research. Liquid biopsy is a novel, minimally invasive laboratory evaluation concept for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive testing, as well as dynamic monitoring of treatment or disease course. To achieve these goals, a multitude of specific, targeted tests can be performed to detect free nucleic acids, exosomes, microRNAs, tumor-educated platelets, and whole cells of tumor or fetal origin in different biological fluids, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and others. Although tissue biopsy has long been considered the gold standard of diagnostics, especially regarding malignant tumors, liquid biopsy has the advantages of a non-invasive approach and thus low risk of complications. It is technically feasible even in serious general status or if tumors or metastases are not easily accessible using conventional tissue biopsy. The testing is fast, exact, and can be repeated to ensure real-time follow-up. In contrast to classic tumor markers, liquid biopsy is distinguished by high specificity at genomic, proteomic, and cellular levels. It is expected to equal and exceed the diagnostic value of tissue biopsy. The field of liquid biopsies is developing rapidly regarding the selection of targets, technological improvements, and quality assessment. This book, written by a global team of recognized scientists, comprises state-of-the-art reviews on the current knowledge and advances in the technologies and software for liquid biopsy. Examples of practical application of liquid biopsy to evaluate thyroid cancer, multiple myeloma, etc. are discussed as well. The book is intended to serve as a reference for scientists and clinicians interested in the development and practical implementation of liquid biopsy.

Comment entre-t-on en ville ? Cela paraissait simple au temps des bonnes murailles : sous l’œil vigilant des gardes, on franchissait une porte monumentale, on passait un pont. La beauté de l’entrée était signe de puissance. Mais les villes n’ont pas toujours eu murs, fossés et clefs et aujourd’hui n’en n’ont plus… En 2001 une vingtaine de spécialistes, urbanistes, historiens et juristes ont confronté à Orléans leurs points de vue sur le sujet. À la lecture de la quinzaine de communications proposées ici, on se rend compte, comme le souligne une introduction magistrale, qu’« entrer en ville » est un acte multiforme. Connaître l’endroit de la distinction entre le dehors et le dedans : est-ce si simple pour des cités où les différents seuils sont encore mal connus dans leur chronologie et leurs emplacements exacts ? Rome, abordée ici par trois fois de l’Antiquité au xviie siècle, semble un cas d’école ! L’historiographie souligne l’importance des liturgies des déplacements des souverains : les cérémonies d’entrée des magistrats italiens, des évêques (à Orléans) et même des coeurs des rois et des princes défunts enrichissent désormais l’analyse des anciens rituels d’accueil urbains. Le franchissement individuel festif ne saurait de toutes façons avoir les mêmes caractères que l’intrusion de phénomènes collectifs, qu’ils soit militaires juridiques ou religieux. La ville finit par englober les tentacules habitées qui accompagnaient les voies d’accès : les octrois firent sortir à la fin de l’Ancien Régime la ville de ses limites traditionnelles et, à l’inverse, des quartiers périphériques récemment réunis ou fraîchement édifiés ont dû assumer leur nouvelle urbanité. Nous savons que cela ne fut jamais sans tensions, sans perception de la différence. Entrer en ville, descendre ou monter en ville, sortir de la ville ne sont donc pas de simples déplacements dans un espace territorial défini. Nous avons ici une riche réflexion sur des mouvements complexes.

A kötet célja a Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem részvételével megvalósuló „Befogadó tanulási környezetek támogatása – stratégiák a gyermeket nevelő, családos hallgatók támogatására a felsőoktatásban” című Erasmus+ projekt tudományos igényű összefoglalása. A projekt (azonosító: 2023-1-HU01-KA220-HED-000156058) négy ország – Magyarország, Szlovákia, Románia és Ukrajna – felsőoktatási intézményeinek és a Nagycsaládosok Országos Egyesületének együttműködésében valósult meg. A kutatás célja annak feltárása volt, hogy milyen akadályok nehezítik a gyermekvállalást és a gyermeknevelést a felsőoktatási tanulmányok idején, valamint milyen intézményi támogatások segíthetik a családos hallgatókat. A fókuszcsoportos vizsgálatokra és szakirodalmi elemzésekre épülő eredmények minden felsőoktatási intézmény számára hasznos útmutatókkal, javaslatokkal szolgálhatnak annak érdekében, hogy befogadó, rugalmas tanulási környezetek biztosíthassanak a gyermeket nevelő hallgatók számára, elősegítve ezzel az esélyegyenlőséget és a hallgatói jóllétet a felsőoktatásban.

abordam criticamente a estética da sensibilidade, um dos fundamentos educacionais pós-reforma de 1996. A pesquisa de doutorado subjacente abordou a falta de clareza e complexidade na conceituação desse princípio educacional ao longo do tempo. A autora busca resgatar a essência filosófica da estética da sensibilidade, questionando interpretações contemporâneas que a reduzem a um instrumento de preparo emocional para o mercado de trabalho. A conclusão propõe uma compreensão mais profunda, apresentando a estética da sensibilidade como uma arte de harmonizar o sentir e o pensar. O texto estabelece um diálogo com leituras decoloniais, revelando uma perspectiva de educação emancipatória e humanizadora. A estética da sensibilidade é apresentada como um método educativo para formar sujeitos críticos e reflexivos, não como uma ferramenta para conformidade com o status quo. Ao conectar a estética da sensibilidade aos conceitos de sentipensar e corazonar do pensamento decolonial, a autora desafia interpretações simplistas e propõe uma visão renovada da educação. O livro é considerado uma contribuição significativa para a Filosofia da Educação, refletindo sobre os fundamentos que moldam a formação dos indivíduos em um contexto em constante transformação, convidando a repensar a educação para uma sociedade mais justa e humanizada.

Die in diesem Buch vorgenommene Auseinandersetzung mit den Sinnen in der Kunst entfaltet sich an der Schnittstelle von Medien- und Kunstwissenschaft. Entgegen der Auffassung, dass in virtuellen Räumen Körperlichkeit und die Vielfalt sinnlicher Wahrnehmung an Bedeutung verlieren, deuten aktuelle Beispiele der Medienkunst in eine andere Richtung. Kunst löst sich hierbei vom Objekt und wandert auf die interagierenden Körper der Rezipient:innen. Wenn deren ephemere sensomotorische Erfahrung zum eigentlichen künstlerischen Gegenstand wird, kommen neue Praktiken des Dokumentarischen ins Spiel. Cecilia Preiß geht der Konjunktur der Multimodalität in zeitgenössischer digitaler Medienkunst auf den Grund.