Open Access Books

Cet ouvrage renouvelle totalement la question de l’origine et du développement du christianisme dans le diocèse de Troyes par une analyse fine et détaillée des sources écrites et archéologiques. Quand, comment et par qui le christianisme est-il apparu ? Quelle forme et quelle vigueur a t-il pris à l’époque mérovingienne ? Le diocèse a t-il connu la Renaissance carolingienne ? Tient-il une place prépondérante au sein des affaires religieuses de la Gaule ? Autant de questions auxquelles l’auteur s’attache à répondre, en dépouillant la vérité historique des trop nombreuses traditions légendaires léguées par le Moyen Age, et colportées par des ouvrages anciens d’érudition locale de valeur très inégale. La convergence et la confrontation des sources écrites et archéologiques lui permettent, en effet, de décrire l’œuvre des acteurs de la christianisation, hommes d’Eglise ou grands personnages, d’évoquer les lieux qu’ils fréquentèrent ainsi que les événements qui les lièrent au peuple anonyme, et de brosser le tableau de l’évangélisation et de la mise en place du cadre institutionnel dans le diocèse de Troyes du ive au ixe siècle. Les bases essentielles du christianisme furent posées au cours de ces cinq siècles.

Over the last 70 years, media have become increasingly central to nautical mobility. Asher Boersma describes how, in the 1960s and 1970s, the focus of the Western European infrastructuring state shifted from dramatic physical intervention to control rooms, which both benefited from and drove the mediatisation of navigation, especially radar. He shows that, in the 1980s, conflicts between operators and management were manifested and resolved in the design of early simulators, and traces how the digitalisation of bridges and wheelhouses decentralised control again, away from shore. The nucleus of change in transport infrastructure has been where it is scaled, in control rooms and on ships, and that scaling is primarily what nautical media allow.

The cyanobacteria inhabit every illuminated environment on Earth, from polar lakes to desert crusts and through their phototrophic metabolism play essential roles in global geochemical cycles. With the discovery of marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus almost 30 years ago, cyanobacteria have now earned their place as dominant primary producers contributing over 25 percent of global photosynthesis. Their global abundance is now explained from the coexistence of ecotypes that occupy different niches along spatial and temporal gradients. New ecotypes of Synechococcus have been identified as abundant components of microbial communities in freshwater environments and marginal seas. Extensive comparative genomics of marine and freshwater picocyanobacteria have begun to unmask adaptations to light and nutrient (N, P, Fe) limitation that these diverse environments present. Novel types of cyanobacterial diazotrophy input new N and structure microbial communities in the open sea. Current challenges include the understanding of the interactions between marine cyanobacteria and other microbes in their immediate community. In contrast, mesotrophic and eutrophic environments such as the Laurentian Great Lakes have been increasingly affected by nuisance and toxic cyanobacterial blooms that have yielded severe declines in water quality. Factors promoting bloom formation and the functional roles of toxins are important issues being addressed today.

What do climate models predict for the rainfall where you live? What about evaporation or runoff? Should your local community consider constructing new dams or do the existing water storages appear adequate? What about the availability of water for irrigation farming? Do the predictions differ between different climate models or do all the models basically predict the same changes in water availability where you live? These are all simple questions but it is surprisingly hard for an individual, whether they be a farmer, water resources engineer, teacher or interested citizen, to answer them. As researchers active in the field we could not answer the questions either. In fact, we had never seen a compilation of the rainfall, evaporation and runoff predictions made by all the different climate models. The Atlas contains maps and tables that document model predictions contributed by international climate modelling groups to the 2007 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The predictions are made available here via the wonders of the internet and ongoing cooperation by the international climate modelling community who routinely archive their results. The maps and tables in the Atlas document rainfall, evaporation and runoff estimates for the 20th century along with predictions of the same quantities at the end of the 21st century. Whatever your interest, we hope you find the Atlas as helpful as we do.

Good land administration and spatial enablement help to improve people’s living conditions in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. They protect people’s land rights (including of individuals, communities, and the state) through good governance principles and practices. This makes research concerning land administration practices and geographic (spatial) sciences—whether in developed or developing countries—essential to developing tools or methods for securing natural resource rights for people. In the time of COVID-19, understanding the land and health or wellbeing nexus is also crucial for adequate living conditions for people in living urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. This Special Issue comprises 15 articles (including the editorial) that present insights on theories and practices on land administration and geographic (spatial) sciences in the context of land/water/forest–people–health–wellbeing nexus.

La cognition humaine obéit à de strictes lois, qui n'épargnent pas même les aspects les plus subjectifs de notre perception consciente. Je crois profondément à un renouveau du programme psychophysique de Fechner, Wundt, Ribot ou Piéron, qui, devenu « neuro-physique », viendrait s'ancrer au niveau neuronal. Nous avons l'immense chance de vivre un temps où les avancées conjointes de la psychologie et de la neuro-imagerie cognitives laissent entrevoir de rendre enfin visible, comme à crâne ouver...

This book is an extended argument for abandoning the species rank. Instead, the author proposes that the rank of "species" be replaced by a pluralistic and multi-level view. In such a view, all clades including the smallest identifiable one would be named and studied within a phylogenetic context. What are currently called "species" represent different sorts of things depending on the sort of organisms and processes being considered. This is already the case, but is not formally recognized by those scientists using the species rank in their work. Adopting a rankless taxonomy at all levels would enhance academic studies of evolution and ecology and yield practical benefits in areas of public concern such as conservation. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. KEY FEATURES • Proposes the replacement of restrictive species concepts with a pluralistic view • Suggests abandoning the formal taxonomic rank of "species" • Considers zoological, botanical, and microbiological aspects of the species level • Deals with practical issues such as conservation, inventories, and field guides

The early modern and modern cultural world in the West would be unthinkable without Petrarch and Boccaccio. Despite this fact, there is still no scholarly contribution entirely devoted to analysing their intellectual revolution. Internationally renowned scholars are invited to discuss and rethink the historical, intellectual, and literary roles of Petrarch and Boccaccio between the great model of Dante`s encyclopedia and the ideas of a double or multifaceted culture in the era of Italian Renaissance Humanism. In his lyrical poems and Latin treatises, Petrarch created a cultural pattern that was both Christian and Classical, exercising immense influence on the Western World in the centuries to come. Boccaccio translated this pattern into his own vernacular narratives and erudite works, ultimately claiming as his own achievement the reconstructed unity of the Ancient Greek and Latin world in his contemporary age. The volume reconsiders Petrarch`s and Boccaccio`s heritages from different perspectives (philosophy, theology, history, philology, paleography, literature, theory), and investigates how these heritages shaped the cultural transition between the end of the Middle Ages and the early modern era, as well as European identity.

This open access book explains the factors that cause the poor functioning or failure of certain legal institutions or the success of others in the current Hungarian legal system after the 2010 transition from liberal to illiberal/populist democracy. The authors argue in most regulatory areas that reform is needed in lawmaking or in the application and practice of law, because there are systemic problems with the law’s capacity for doctrinal resilience, which lead to the primacy of other regulators than law, such as the populist politics. An understanding of these processes is essential for the implementation of sound law and legal policy reforms, for the maintenance of the legal guarantee system and for the successful development of institutions protecting and providing the fundamental rights. The volume documents how the Hungarian legal system changed after 2010, on the one hand, and conceptualises these changes with the help of ‘resilience’, on the other hand.

Über 230.000 polnische Juden überlebten den Zweiten Weltkrieg im Inneren der Sowjetunion. Viele waren der nationalsozialistischen Verfolgung durch rechtzeitige Flucht auf sowjetisches Territorium entkommen. Andere wurden gegen ihren Willen von der sowjetischen Geheimpolizei in das Landesinnere der UdSSR verschleppt, wo sie in abgelegenen Siedlungen unter schwierigen Lebensbedingungen Zwangsarbeit verrichteten. Die Mehrheit der polnischen Juden hatte sich allerdings im Rahmen der Evakuierung sowjetischer Staatsbürger 1941–1942 aus den Frontgebieten in den Süden der UdSSR durchgeschlagen. Dort hielten sich die meisten polnisch-jüdischen Exilanten bis zur Rückkehr nach Polen im Jahre 1946 auf.Die Studie untersucht Erfahrungen polnischer Juden im Zeitraum von 1939 bis 1946. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Jahren in den zentralasiatischen Sowjetrepubliken, wo hunderttausende polnische Juden täglich um ihr Überleben als Fremde in einem von Krieg, Armut und politischem Terror gezeichneten Land kämpfen mussten. Ihre Geschichte an der »Peripherie des Holocaust« (Yehuda Bauer) erweitert den Horizont jüdischer Erfahrungen im Zweiten Weltkrieg um die Erlebnisse im sowjetischen Exil.

This open access book explores the tragic case of the Torquay Murder of 1865, when the body of a young boy was discovered abandoned on the outskirts of Torquay in Devon, England . Having identified the child as three-month-old Thomas Harris, local police arrested the child’s mother, Mary Jane Harris, and his nurse, Charlotte Winsor, and charged them both with murder. Through careful analysis of a range of original sources including police and inquest reports, court and prison records, witness depositions, newspaper accounts, census records, medical and legal texts, Home Office documents and letters, Mark Jackson reconstructs the complex story of the Torquay murder and explores the personal and political consequences of England’s first baby-farming scandal. Situating the case within the context of mid-Victorian concerns over rising rates of illegitimacy and infanticide, debates about the abolition of capital punishment and attempts to regulate child-care and adoption practices, this book examines the impact this landmark trial had on British law and society. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by University of Exeter, UK.

Direction finding and ranging techniques find a large number of applications from security purposes through the medical sector to industrial automation. In this work, an innovative technique based on the Six-Port receiver principleis presented together with hardware prototypes developed by the author. Angular measurements in the range of a few milli-degrees for direction-of-arrival detection as well as a distance measurement resolution in a one-digit micrometer range have been achieved. Gabor Vinci obtained the Bachelor’s degree in Microelectronics at the University of Padua, Italy, and concluded the Master of Science in Microwave Engineering at the Technische Universität in Munich, Germany. He worked at the Daimler Research Center and at the Institute for Electronics Engineering at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. His PhD Studies were focused on research topics related to innovative radar technology for automotive and industrial applications. He earned his doctoral degree with „Summa cum Laude“ for the work presented in this publication. Furthermore, he authored or co-authored over 40 publications in the areas of interest and serves as a reviewer for several journals and conferences, being a member of the IEEE and MTTS. He worked on several industrial projects in different technical areas and registered three international patents. At present, he works as a Lead Engineer for R&D Industrial and Automotive Division at InnoSenT GmbH. Currently, his research interests are in the areas of microwave circuits and systems, local positioning, Six-Port technique, antenna design and short-range, high resolution radar.

This book demonstrates applications and case studies performed by experts for professionals and students in the field of technology, engineering, materials, decision making management and other industries in which mathematical modelling plays a role. Each chapter discusses an example and these are ranging from well-known standards to novelty applications. Models are developed and analysed in details, authors carefully consider the procedure for constructing a mathematical replacement of phenomenon under consideration. For most of the cases this leads to the partial differential equations, for the solution of which numerical methods are necessary to use. The term Model is mainly understood as an ensemble of equations which describe the variables and interrelations of a physical system or process. Developments in computer technology and related software have provided numerous tools of increasing power for specialists in mathematical modelling. One finds a variety of these used to obtain the numerical results of the book.

This book discusses selected topics on the anatomy of paranasal sinuses and related conditions, providing insight into advancements in the field. The first section covers morphological aspects of the maxillary sinus, infectious causes of acute and chronic sinusitis, posterior ethmoidal artery, and paranasal sinuses anatomy and anatomical variations. The second section covers sinonasal-associated midfacial expansion and maxillary sinus in dental implantology. Chapters present new clinical and research developments as well as future perspectives on ever-expanding upper airway and jaw problems.

Research, as a fundamental contributor to knowledge in a university institution, is not only the result of a methodological process that responds to a project created by professionals, but also the tangible result of the multitude of questions that have been woven into the fabric of countless individuals who are committed to judgment and theory. This book arises from the motivation of a group of professors at the Santiago de Cali University who, in their efforts to continue advancing research, came together to make their questions and their results visible.