Open Access Books

Publishing medieval charters for Slovenian history is a long-term effort. The first four volumes were still published in the days of the pioneer of the project, Franc Kos (in the period 1902–1915), with the fifth book, published by his son Milko Kos, following somewhat later on. It was only in 2002 that France Baraga published, on the basis of the collected materials, the Central Catalogue of Medieval Charters of Dr. Božo Otorepec from the Milko Kos Historical Institute of ZRC SAZU, the sixth volume of medieval charters encompassing a relatively short period of ten years, 1246–1255. The volume appeared without an index of names, the publication of which has been postponed until today.This book therefore contains an accurate explanatory index of personal and place names, thus completing Baraga’s edition of 295 medieval charters.The book comes with a CD Gradivo za slovensko zgodovino v srednjem veku. 6/1 – Listine 1246–1255. 6/2 – Imensko kazalo [Materials for Slovenian Medieval History. 6/1 – Charters 1246 – 1255. 6/2 – Index of names] and both books in pdf-format.

This book is the first complete description of 13th century architecture in Austria. This period was significant for ist political and historical events and upheavels in the provinces of Austria, but at the same time for the transition from romanic to gothic style. The book is the result of the author's continuous studies in this field of architectural history for more than 35 years. Basing on his doctoral thesis of 1975 the author is outlining a completely new panorama of the development in 13th century architecture by using the results of recent investigations, reconstructions and newly interpreted historical sources. Some important results were achieved on behalf of FWF-projects under the author's direction (reconstruction of the Capella Speciosa at Klosterneuburg, research on the history of the Imperial Palace di Vienna). The results are corresponding in perfect way with the scientifical researches in neighbouring countries as Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia and Germany, in regard of the long range cultural communications during the Middle Ages, which in former theories were denied by presupposing a distinct stylistic retard in Austrian architecture. Highly important was the author's proof that in the 13th century in Austria existed a contemporaneity between advanced and retarded stylistic forms. The choice of the stylistic attitude mainly depended on the client. The introduction of the book gives a survey of the actual state of research, followed by three chapters, which explicate the conditions in the 12th century, differentiated geographically (alpine regions, Danube valley) and concerning the clientage (dukes, archbishops and bishops of Salzburg and Passau) as well. By this way the general tendencies and motives (Cistercian architecture of Heiligenkreuz and Zwettl; Patavian architecture at Göttweig, Kremsmünster, Vienna, St.Pölten, Tulln; architecture at Salzburg - cathedral of archbisphop Konrad III - Gurk, Seckau, Hartberg) are outlined, which dominated the further development. In the following first main part, which is describing the first half of 13th century, the important role of the Austrian sovereigns (duke Leopold VI and duke Friedrich II) as founders and benefactors of eminent church architecture is emphasized. With these works of art most actual influences of french gothic architecture came to Austria (Capella Speciosa at Klosterneuburg, cloisters at Lilienfeld and Heiligenkreuz). The quarrel in ecclesiastical policy between the Babenberg dukes of Austria and the bishops of Passau, concerning the plan to establich a further diocesy in Austria, caused a competition in the field of architecture between the two powers. Thus the bishops of Passau reconstructed their patronage churches (St.Pölten, Kremsmünster, Ardagger) in Austria in a sumptuous way. Besides this stylistically advanced architecture there existed also a building acitivity not to be neglected, which was supported by the lower aristocracy and the duke's officials, who also founded some monasteries and churches. These buildings were constructed by local workmen, who were following the traditional patterns of late romanic style (Baumgartenberg, Wilhering, Bad Deutsch Altenburg, Petronell). At the dawn of the Babenberg dynasty an important political intervention of emperor Friedrich II. von Hohenstaufen took place. Recent researches indicate that the reconstruction of St.Stephen's church in Vienna with the famous "Riesentor" with sculptural decorations in Norman Style was initiated by the emperor, even as the foundation of the castle at the place of the later Imperial Palace, which obviously followed the type of the emperor's fortresses in Sicily. In spite of the political agitations and upheavals in the middle of the century some remarkable works of architecture were created, as the castle of Starhemberg, the fortresses at the border to Hungary (Wienertor at Hainburg), St.Virgil's chapel at Vienna and the charnel house at Tulln), where different in

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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Development Discourse and Global History introduces readers to the shifting ways in which people have been talking and writing about ‘development’ over time, and the rules governing the conversation. Drawing on the methods of Michel Foucault, Ziai’s ground-breaking book traces the origins of development discourse back to late colonialism and notes the significant discontinuities that led to the establishment of a new discourse and its accompanying industry. This book goes on to describe the contestations, appropriations and transformations of the concept over time. It shows that trends which have emerged since the 1980s, such as an emphasis on participation and ownership, sustainable development, and free markets, are incompatible with the original rules and so lead to serious contradictions. The Eurocentric, authoritarian and depoliticising elements in development discourse are uncovered, whilst still recognising its progressive appropriations. This new edition includes revisions throughout, and an important new chapter on race and racism, as well as a discussion of the evolution of the Sustainable Development Goals. This book is perfect for students and researchers in development studies, global history and discourse analysis as well as an interdisciplinary audience from international relations, political science, sociology, geography, anthropology, language and literary studies.

Uno de los problemas y retos claves que enfrenta la historia económica latinoamericana es la reconstrucción de la base estadística sobre la que se pueden construir análisis teóricos que expliquen las principales tendencias observadas. El presente volúmen contribuye a esta tarea, pero indica que es necesario lograr una reconstrucción cuantitativa más completa y precisa de los flujos anuales de la inversión extranjera y de sus ciclos en cada uno de los países latinoamericanos

Toujours présentes dans les cales des navires qui sillonnent la Méditerranée à l’époque moderne, les ressources de la mer constituent l’un des piliers du commerce maritime, mais aussi l’une des bases essentielles de l’alimentation des sociétés littorales anciennes. Les conditions d’exploitation de ces richesses naturelles, poissons et coquillages, soie de mer, nacre, éponges ou peaux de chagrin, ont été profondément modifiées entre le XVe et le XVIIIe siècle. Les innovations radicales qui se produisent au sein les techniques de pêche dès la fin du Moyen Âge permettent une augmentation importante des tonnages réalisés. Les surplus de production induisent l’apparition d’une activité de conditionnement soutenue par un groupe actif d’investisseurs extérieurs au monde de la barque. Dès le XVIe siècle, des clivages sociaux divisent les communautés de pêche tandis que se marginalisent les pratiques collectives les plus anciennes. Essentielles pour les économies littorales, les ressources de la mer pénètrent loin à l’intérieur des terres. Marchandise de première nécessité, le poisson, à l’instar du blé, participe donc de politiques édilitaires. Cet ouvrage propose une lecture multi scalaire, conduite sur une longue durée, de la nature et de la fonction des richesses extraites de la mer, mais aussi des sociétés maritimes qui mettent en œuvre cette exploitation, du plongeur à nu du golfe de Gabès jusqu’au petit consommateur d’une cité roussillonnaise du XVIIIe siècle.

The field of low-dimensional structures has been experiencing rapid development in both theoretical and experimental research. Phonons in Low Dimensional Structures is a collection of chapters related to the properties of solid-state structures dependent on lattice vibrations. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, research topics such as interface phonons and polaron states, carrier-phonon non-equilibrium dynamics, directional projection of elastic waves in parallel array of N elastically coupled waveguides, collective dynamics for longitudinal and transverse phonon modes, and elastic properties for bulk metallic glasses are related to semiconductor devices and metallic glasses devices. The second part of the book contains, among others, topics related to superconductor, phononic crystal carbon nanotube devices such as phonon dispersion calculations using density functional theory for a range of superconducting materials, phononic crystal-based MEMS resonators, absorption of acoustic phonons in the hyper-sound regime in fluorine-modified carbon nanotubes and single-walled nanotubes, phonon transport in carbon nanotubes, quantization of phonon thermal conductance, and phonon Anderson localization.

Szoah stało się zakwestionowaniem oraz kulturowo-aksjologicznym i duchowym wyjałowieniem całej cywilizacji w jej fundamentach. Pytania o człowieka i Boga po Zagładzie, zrewidowane i skonfrontowane przez Hannah Arendt i Hansa Jonasa, ujawniły nieprzewidywalną, wręcz bezgraniczną potęgę ludzkiego działania i ludzkiej wolności. Jeśli Szoah miało miejsce, to znaczy, że może powtórzyć się w przyszłości. Imperatyw odpowiedzialności i przekonanie o elementarnym prawie człowieka do posiadania praw brzmią w tym kontekście jako swoiste memento wobec apokaliptycznej wizji możliwości powtórzenia się Zagłady. Człowiek może bowiem wiele dokonać, jest nawet w stanie zrealizować wymierzony w samego siebie plan samozagłady. Prezentowanej książce przyświecają dwa cele badawcze. Po pierwsze doświadczenie zła w postaci historycznego wydarzenia Szoah jest momentem, który stał się impulsem do nowego stawiania pytań o Boga i człowieka względem dotychczasowej tradycji filozoficznej. Po drugie chodzi o pokazanie, że filozoficzne zagadnienie Boga oraz filozoficzna problematyka człowieka nie są od siebie odrębne, a wręcz przeciwnie – są komplementarne. Takie zagadnienia, jak doświadczenie fenomenu zła, idea Boga, natura ludzka czy kwestia sankcjonowanego przez człowieka systemu politycznego, są tymi problemami, które zostają związane z filozoficzną refleksją. Wiele z tych pytań – o czym świadczą artefakty współczesnej kultury oraz myśli humanistycznej – domagało się i nadal domaga ponownej konfrontacji, rewizji po historycznym wydarzeniu Zagłady. Rozmach systemowego wyniszczania rzesz ludzi wywołał paraliżujący stan niemocy, a niekiedy podważył też funkcjonujące dotychczas tradycyjne systemy intelektualne. Cały ten proces, wykalkulowany, starannie zaplanowany, systemowy i posiadający legitymację prawną, usankcjonowaną przez politycznych decydentów-sprawców oraz przez indywidualnych ludzi, nie miał precedensu w historii Zachodu.

Trente ans après le lancement de la politique de réformes et d'ouverture, le visage de la Chine a été profondément modifié. Cet ouvrage cherche à comprendre quelles ont été les évolutions structurelles du régime chinois tant sur le plan domestique qu’international. De quelle manière la politique chinoise a-t-elle évolué et quelle relation peut-on établir entre l’ouverture de la Chine au monde et sa politique intérieure ? À travers les contributions inédites de chercheurs français, chinois et ...

Contrasting conditions with and without conscious experience has served consciousness research well. However, research based on this simple contrast has led to controversies about the neural basis of conscious experience. One key reason for these ongoing debates seems to be that the simple contrast between conditions with and without consciousness is not specific for unraveling the neural basis of conscious experience, but rather also leads to other processes that precede or follow it. Acknowledging this methodological problem implies that some of the previous research findings about the neural underpinnings of conscious experience are actually reflecting the prerequisites and consequences rather than the direct correlates of conscious perception. Thus, it is required to re-evaluate the previous results to find out which of them are telling us anything about the neural basis of consciousness. But first and foremost, to overcome this methodological problem we need new experimental paradigms that go beyond the simple contrastive analysis or find the ways how some older but well forgotten paradigms may foster a new look at this emerging problem. Accordingly, this research topic is looking for empirical and theoretical contributions that: 1) envision new and suitable experimental approaches to study consciousness that are free from the limitations of the simple contrastive analysis; 2) provide empirical data that help to separate the neural correlates of conscious experience from the prerequisites and consequences of it; 3) help to re-assess previous research findings about the neural correlates of conscious perception in the light of the methodological problems with the traditional contrastive analysis. We hope that the theoretical insights and experimental approaches collected within this Research Topic help us to gain a more refined understanding of the neural basis of conscious experience.

The quality of the overall archaeological data contained within the settlement sequence is important for both the examination of site-specific issues, and for the investigation of wider research themes and problems, facing settlement studies in England, between AD 600 and 1050. Volume 4, offers a series of thematic analyses, integrating all the forms of evidence to reconstruct the lifestyles of the inhabitants. These comprise settlement-specific aspects and wider themes. The former include relations with the surrounding landscape and region, trade and exchange, and specialist artisan activity. Whereas the wider themes consider approaches to the interpretation of settlement character, the social spectrum of its inhabitants, changing relationships between rural and emerging urban centres, and the importance of the excavated remains within contemporary studies of early medieval settlement and society in western Europe.

Endoscopy has had a big role in the development of modern gastroenterology. Modern endoscopy will certainly be more therapeutic. It started with endoscopic hemostasis and polipectomy, than beginning of the 1970's with the advent of endoscopic sphincterotomy extended to biliopancreatic pathology and has a huge impact in this difficult pathology. Plastic stents made the first steps in endoscopic palliation of neoplastic jaundice, metallic stents, covered or uncovered are better for biliary palliation and can be used also for palliation neoplastic obstruction at different levels of the digestive tube. Resection of digestive tumors has evolved now to sub-mucosal resection, looking to have one-piece complete resection. Interventional endoscopy is now very complex and takes a lot of time for endoscopists to learn properly these techniques. This book is a very good up-to-date overview of new techniques of interventional endoscopy for those who want to learn or develop their knowledges in this field.

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