Open Access Books

En 1958, Albin Michel publie L’Apparition du livre, dans la collection L’Évolution de l’humanité créée par Henri Berr. Cet ouvrage, rédigé par Lucien Febvre et Henri-Jean Martin, n’est pas le seul à traiter de la question de l’imprimerie, de la civilisation du livre, mais il innove dans sa tentative d’écrire et de penser une histoire sociale, politique et économique. Le sous-titre : « le livre, ce ferment » élargissait l’horizon et ne se limitait pas au livre « cette marchandise ». La publication de L’Apparition du livre marque aussi l’arrivée d’un jeune bibliothécaire, Henri-Jean Martin, en poste à la Bibliothèque nationale : il n’a, à cette date, que 34 ans. L’ouvrage eut à ses débuts un écho commercial limité : il deviendra un ouvrage de référence, trois fois réédité ; et surtout, Henri-Jean Martin a poursuivi cette voie féconde de recherche pluridisciplinaire, propre aussi aux années 1970. L’Enssib a organisé en 2008 un colloque pour le cinquantenaire de cette publication. Ce sont les textes retravaillés, donnés à cette occasion, dont nous proposons la lecture. Il n’est pas surprenant que nous retrouvions ici les grands noms de l’historiographie et de la pensée contemporaine, de Roger Chartier à Christian Jacob.

« Le 11 mars 2011, le district Nord-Est du Japon a été frappé par un tremblement de terre massif suivi d’un tsunami majeur et d’une série d’accidents à la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima avec fuites d’éléments radioactifs ». Tel est le message que le professeur Kanazawa, président du Science Council of Japan (SCJ) adressa quelques jours après la catastrophe aux présidents des académies des sciences étrangère …

One of the most hotly debated issues in contemporary Muslim ethics is the status of women in Islamic law. Whereas Muslim conservatives argue that gender-differentiated legal rulings reflect complementary gender roles, Muslim feminists argue that Islamic law has subordinated women and is thus in need of reform. The shared assumption on both sides, however, is that gender fundamentally shapes an individual’s legal status. Beyond the Binary explores an expansive cross section of topics in ninth- to twelfth-century Hanafi legal thought, ranging from sexual crimes to consent to marriage, to show that early Muslim jurists imagined a world built not on a binary distinction between male and female but on multiple intersecting hierarchies of gender, age, enslavement, lineage, class, and other social roles. Saadia Yacoob offers a restorative reading of Islamic law, arguing that its intersectional and relational understanding of legal personhood offers a productive space for Muslim feminists to move beyond critique and instead think with and through the Islamic legal tradition.

Injuries and Sports Medicine deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of common sport-related injuries, and will be valuable for any sports medicine physician as well as anyone interested in optimizing the performance of athletes, both elite level and recreational. The authors whose contributions make up this book are all experts in their respective fields and have a passion for sports medicine and for sharing new knowledge in this discipline with the rest of the world.

Michael Peppard provides a historical and theological reassessment of the oldest Christian building ever discovered, the third-century house-church at Dura-Europos. Contrary to commonly held assumptions about Christian initiation, Peppard contends that rituals here did not primarily embody notions of death and resurrection. Rather, he portrays the motifs of the church’s wall paintings as those of empowerment, healing, marriage, and incarnation, while boldly reidentifying the figure of a woman formerly believed to be a repentant sinner as the Virgin Mary. This richly illustrated volume is a breakthrough work that enhances our understanding of early Christianity at the nexus of Bible, art, and ritual.

This book presents some aspects of the cosmological scientific odyssey that started last century. The chapters vary with different particular works, giving a versatile picture. It is the result of the work of many scientists in the field of cosmology, in accordance with their expertise and particular interests. Is a collection of different research papers produced by important scientists in the field of cosmology. A sample of the great deal of efforts made by the scientific community, trying to understand our universe. And it has many challenging subjects, like the possible doomsday to be confirmed by the next decade of experimentation. May be we are now half way in the life of the universe. Many more challenging subjects are not present here: they will be the result of further future work. Among them, we have the possibility of cyclic universes, and the evidence for the existence of a previous universe.

The research in this volume is based on the link between the Fourth Industrial Revolution and work. On this level, there are several questions. What is the nature of work 4.0? What is the relationship between the technological revolution and employment? What are the labour rights in the era of new business models? Can innovation be implemented without overcoming the twentieth-century subordination and the new forms of freedom and work responsibility? Do digitalisation and new forms of business organization change working relationships and favour new forms of collaboration and conflict? Are training, quality and freedom at work more important than wages? How do company planning and design relate to technology and work? Does digitalisation push knowledge-based economy to determine new forms of work? What projects need to be implemented by the involved parties (starting with the workers) for these transformations to be a step forward in working conditions and industrial relations? These and many other questions are the basis of the essays collected in this volume, born from the collaboration between authors of different backgrounds and experience: academics, journalists, entrepreneurs, managers, operators, trade unionists and trade union representatives.

Most basic information on plant-mealybug interactions during the last decade has come from research on the cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) system with two mealybug species, namely Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero and Phenacoccus herreni Cox and Williams (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae). Both these insects cause severe damage to cassava in Africa and South America, respectively. This book reviews these interactions (plant selection by the insects, nutritional requirements, influence of the climate, intrinsic and extrinsic plant-defence mechanisms). It should be useful for entomologists, crop scientists, agronomists and ecologists as well as for teachers and students.

This book seeks to demonstrate that, with the multifaceted reform set in motion between 1963 and 1965, the Yugoslav political system acquired, domestically, the basic features of an international balance-of-power system. These features account for the basic pattern and dynamics of Yugoslav politics to the present day.

As result of progress, endoscopy has became more complex, using more sophisticated devices and has claimed a special form. In this moment, the gastroenterologist performing endoscopy has to be an expert in macroscopic view of the lesions in the gut, with good skills for using standard endoscopes, with good experience in ultrasound (for performing endoscopic ultrasound), with pathology experience for confocal examination. It is compulsory to get experience and to have patience and attention for the follow-up of thousands of images transmitted during capsule endoscopy or to have knowledge in physics necessary for autofluorescence imaging endoscopy. Therefore, the idea of an endoscopist has changed. Examinations mentioned need a special formation, a superior level of instruction, accessible to those who have already gained enough experience in basic diagnostic endoscopy. This is the reason for what these new issues of endoscopy are presented in this book of New techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Inspiracją do podjęcia tematyki było doświadczenie pracy w poradnictwie psychologicznym dla studentów z niepełnosprawnością. Funkcjonowanie młodzieży z poważnymi uszkodzeniami narządu słuchu w relacjach interpersonalnych zasługuje na zainteresowanie psychologów i pedagogów. Trudności we wzajemnym rozumieniu się przeżywają wszyscy ludzie, również doskonale słyszący, ale osoby z uszkodzonym słuchem mają tych kłopotów znacznie więcej i są one bardziej dotkliwe, często niełatwe do przezwyciężenia. Wartość badań zaprezentowanych w monografii wynika z tego, że dostarczają wiarygodnych argumentów uzasadniających potrzebę zorganizowanego wsparcia dla studiującej młodzieży dotkniętej uszkodzeniami słuchu, a także – pośrednio – potrzebę opieki psychologicznej nad rodzinami wychowującymi dzieci z uszkodzeniami słuchu i nad samymi osobami z tym ograniczeniem zmysłowym zwłaszcza w okresie adolescencji.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Bright red terra sigillata pots dating to the first three centuries CE can be found throughout the Western Roman provinces. The pots' widespread distribution and recognisability make them key evidence in the effort to reconstruct the Roman Empire's economy and society. Drawing on recent ideas in material culture, this book asks a radically new question: what was it about the pots themselves that allowed them to travel so widely and be integrated so quickly into a range of contexts and practices? To answer this question, Van Oyen offers a fresh analysis in which objects are no longer passive props, but rather they actively shape historical trajectories.

This book presents a collection of works published in a recent Special Issue (SI) entitled “Computational Fluid Dynamics”. These works address the development and validation of existent numerical solvers for fluid flow problems and their related applications. They present complex nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluid flow problems that are (in some cases) coupled with heat transfer, phase change, nanofluidic, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) phenomena. The applications are wide and range from aerodynamic drag and pressure waves to geometrical blade modification on aerodynamics characteristics of high-pressure gas turbines, hydromagnetic flow arising in porous regions, optimal design of isothermal sloshing vessels to evaluation of (hybrid) nanofluid properties, their control using MHD, and their effect on different modes of heat transfer. Recent advances in numerical, theoretical, and experimental methodologies, as well as new physics, new methodological developments, and their limitations are presented within the current book. Among others, in the presented works, special attention is paid to validating and improving the accuracy of the presented methodologies. This book brings together a collection of inter/multidisciplinary works on many engineering applications in a coherent manner.

This original analysis of the representation and self-representation of women in literature and visual arts revolves around multiple early modern senses of "painting": the creation of visual art in the form of paint on canvas and the use of cosmetics to paint women's bodies. Situating her study in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Italy, France, and England, Patricia Phillippy brings together three distinct actors: women who paint themselves with cosmetics, women who paint on canvas, and women and men who paint women—either with pigment or with words. Phillippy asserts that early modern attitudes toward painting, cosmetics, and poetry emerge from and respond to a common cultural history. Materially, she connects those who created images of women with pigment to those who applied cosmetics to their own bodies through similar mediums, tools, techniques, and exposure to toxic materials. Discursively, she illuminates historical and social issues such as gender and morality with the nexus of painting, painted women, and women painters.Teasing out the intricate relationships between these activities as carried out by women and their visual and literary representation by women and by men, Phillippy aims to reveal the delineation and transgression of women's creative roles, both artistic and biological. In Painting Women, Phillippy provides a cross-disciplinary study of women as objects and agents of painting.