Open Access Books

Strong, fluent and precise translation by Piotr Kamiński, accompanied by an incisive preface and commentary by Anna Cetera-Włodarczyk, with a beautiful book design by Maciej Buszewicz. The edition includes footnotes and the lists of Polish translations and productions of The Winter’s Tale.

Theater censorship was legally abolished during the turbulent transition from the German Empire to the Weimar Republic in 1919, after which theater productions were accompanied by unusually frequent scandals. This study looks at examples of theater scandals in Munich, asking to what extent "unofficial censorship" continued in the form of disruptions to and the banning of productions, and what role the public sphere played in this.

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Fusarium is a large cosmopolitan genus of ascomycete fungi that are among the most important toxigenic plant pathogens causing seed and soil-borne diseases in a wide variety of agricultural crops worldwide. Fusarium species are broadly distributed in soil, root and plant tissues, and other organic substrates. Almost all species are able to generate mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites, that cause different physiological responses in plants. This book provides an overview of recent research on Fusarium species in the fields of metabolites, pathogenicity, plant-pathogen interactions, and management strategies in agricultural practices.

In recent years research on ischemic stroke has developed powerful therapeutic tools. The novel frontiers of stem cells therapy and of hypothermia have been explored, and novel brain repair mechanisms have been discovered. Limits to intravenous thrombolysis have been advanced and powerful endovascular tools have been put at the clinicians' disposal. Surgical decompression in malignant stroke has significantly improved the prognosis of this often fatal condition. This book includes contributions from scientists active in this innovative research. Stroke physicians, students, nurses and technicians will hopefully use it as a tool of continuing medical education to update their knowledge in this rapidly changing field.

What gave rise to the Norse legal system? When? And where were the meeting places under this system located? These are questions that have long remained unanswered in Norwegian and Northern European history. An overriding theme of the book is establishing when this legal system arose and how it developed over time at the local and regional levels. Central topics include the localization of assembly sites in the landscape and how these sites became important to the consolidation of power structures and, later on, the royal system of governance. The ‘things’ are discussed in relation to successive political and economic structures as well as the influence of conditions within settlements and society. The book also looks at the assembly sites in their various contexts regarding localization and importance in the region, and in connection with the system’s development in Northern Europe. The Landscape of the Law provides extensive insight into the places where law and justice and related legal matters were decided in Viken. This is an aspect of Norway’s territorial division that has not been addressed in prior research. The book is relevant for researchers and history and archeology students working in such areas as legal and religious history, administrative jurisdictions, and state-formation processes, as well as local historians and other readers interested in cultural history.

The use of the Beebot robot in the classroom is one of the educational methods developed to introduce the teaching-learning of digital science in primary schools. This robot, considered easy to use, is present from the first year of schooling for coding activities. However, using the Beebot robot is not without its difficulties, particularly among younger students. An analysis of students' activity is conducted with several classes - from kindergarten to 4th grade - in order to account for the process of appropriation of these programmable objects. Analysing the instrumental genesis at work in different learning sequences, the difficulties encountered by pupils - as the delayed nature of program execution or the lack of perception of the storage of instructions in memory – are highlighted. The mediations proposed to promote the construction of schemes adapted to program these robots are characterized.

The field of healthcare is constantly evolving and advancing with new technologies and innovations. Among these, assistive technologies, robotics, and automated machines are rapidly gaining ground as powerful tools to improve the quality of care and enhance patient outcomes. From wearable devices that monitor vital signs to surgical robots that assist in complex procedures, these technologies have the potential to revolutionize the way we deliver healthcare. The development and the integration of assistive technologies, care robots, and automated machines are strategic both as single components, when paired together, and when interconnected in the health domain.This reprint explores the latest developments in assistive technologies, robotics, and automated machines in the health domain, providing a comprehensive overview of their applications and potential impact. The reprint is for the benefit of healthcare professionals, researchers, engineers, and students interested in these rapidly evolving fields.

Modern scientific research has changed so much since Isaac Newton’s day: it is more professional, collaborative and international, with more complicated equipment and a more diverse community of researchers. Yet the use of scientific journals to report, share and store results is a thread that runs through the history of science from Newton’s day to ours. Scientific journals are now central to academic research and careers. Their editorial and peer-review processes act as a check on new claims and findings, and researchers build their careers on the list of journal articles they have published. The journal that reported Newton’s optical experiments still exists. First published in 1665, and now fully digital, the Philosophical Transactions has carried papers by Charles Darwin, Dorothy Hodgkin and Stephen Hawking. It is now one of eleven journals published by the Royal Society of London. Unrivalled insights from the Royal Society’s comprehensive archives have enabled the authors to investigate more than 350 years of scientific journal publishing. The editorial management, business practices and financial difficulties of the Philosophical Transactions and its sibling Proceedings reveal the meaning and purpose of journals in a changing scientific community. At a time when we are surrounded by calls to reform the academic publishing system, it has never been more urgent that we understand its history.

Dyslexia is biological in origin, but environmental factors also play a role. It affects people differently, but typical difficulties include reading, writing, and spelling, limited working memory capacity, and difficulties with organization, sequencing, and concentration. Early identification is crucial so that learners can receive the support that they need. This book explores contemporary perspectives on dyslexia. It starts by outlining approaches to support dyslexic students drawn from the application of cognitive science. It moves on to consider treatments, the role of technology, and approaches for working with teaching assistants.

The system (or otherwise: method) of Bronisław Rocławski’s glottodydactics has been described in many scientific publications. An overview of selected scientific studies on this subject published in Poland after 1996 presents the most important glottodydactics topics. In the summary, the authors made insights about the education crisis, as well as positive attitudes to support.

Focusing on the history of scientific and technological development over recent centuries, the book is dedicated to the history of telecommunications, where Italy has always been in the vanguard, and is presented by many of the protagonists of the last half century. The book is divided into five sections. The first, dealing with the origins, starts from the scientific bases of the evolution of telecommunications in the nineteenth century (Bucci), addressing the developments of scientific thought that led to the revolution of the theory of fields (Morando), analysing the birth of the three fundamental forms of communication – telegraph (Maggi), telephone (Del Re) and radio (Falciasecca) – and ending with the contribution made by the Italian Navy to the development of telecommunications (Carulli, Pelosi, Selleri, Tiberio). The second section, on technical and scientific developments, presents the numerical processing of signals (Rocca), illustrating the genesis and metamorphosis of transmission (Pupolin, Benedetto, Mengali, Someda, Vannucchi), network packets (Marsan, Guadagni, Lenzini), photonics in telecommunications (Prati) and addresses the issue of research within the institutions (Fedi-Morello), dwelling in particular on the CSELT (Mossotto). The next section deals with the sectors of application, offering an overview of radio, television and the birth of digital cinema (Vannucchi, Visintin), military communications (Maestrini, Costamagna), the development of radar (Galati) and spatial telecommunications (Tartara, Marconicchio). Section four, on the organisation of the services and the role of industry, outlines the rise and fall of the telecommunications industries in Italy (Randi), dealing with the telecommunications infrastructures (Caroppo, Gamerro), the role of the providers in national communications (Gerarduzzi), the networks and the mobile and wireless services (Falciasecca, Ongaro) and finally taking a look towards the future from the perspective of the last fifty years (Vannucchi). The last section, dealing with training and dissemination, offers an array of food for thought: university training in telecommunications, with focus on the evolution of legislation and on the professional profiles (Roveri), social and cultural aspects (Longo and Crespellani) as well as a glance over the most important museums, collections and documentary sources for telecommunications in Italy (Lucci, Savini, Temporelli, Valotti). The book is designed to offer a compendium comprising different analytical approaches, and aims to foster an interest in technology in the new generations, in the hope of stimulating potentially innovative research.

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Come Pompei, circa 2000 anni prima, in un momento avanzato dell’antica età del Bronzo, il primitivo cono vulcanico del Vesuvio, l’attuale Monte Somma, si risvegliò con una forte eruzione che noi oggi chiamiamo delle “Pomici di Avellino” in relazione all’area di ricaduta principale dei prodotti vulcanici. Fu un’enorme catastrofe che cambiò profondamente il paesaggio e l’ambiente; molti abitati ed i circostanti terreni coltivati furono coperti dai materiali eruttivi e sono giunti a noi fossilizzati, conservando e preservando le testimonianze della vita delle popolazioni locali.Molto è stato scoperto in questi ultimi anni e vari siti sono in corso di analisi. Nola costituisce però un’area di studio di particolare eccellenza grazie alla fortunata scoperta del villaggio di Croce del Papa. Le capanne dell’insediamento non furono incendiate o abbattute dall’evento, ma furono inglobate e parzialmente conservate nelle piroclastiti. La popolazione in fuga lasciò tutti i propri beni al loro posto (ceramiche, cibo, riserve alimentari, animali) consentendo così la conservazione di un’eccezionale documentazione del sito nelle sue strutture abitative e di vita quotidiana.Questo volume, attraverso lo studio del villaggio di Croce del Papa, autentica finestra sulla preistoria dell’età del Bronzo, prende in esame tutti gli aspetti di questo particolare momento culturale che dal sito eponimo è oggi convenzionalmente noto come facies di Palma Campania.Vengono proposte datazioni radiocarboniche che migliorano la cronologia dell’evento. La necropoli di Montesano a San Paolo Belsito illumina alcuni aspetti della ritualità funeraria e offre per la prima volta un approccio alla caratterizzazione anatomica dei volti di tre individui. Gli eventi successivi all’eruzione, come l’eventuale migrazione di alcuni gruppi verso territori risparmiati dalla catastrofe, sono solo accennati e lasciano sperare nuovi contributi da future scoperte.