Open Access Books

Depuis deux cents ans, la littérature, la philosophie et le cinéma s’intéressent toujours davantage à l’apocalypse et aux catastrophes. Est-ce céder à un certain nihilisme ou au contraire chercher une ouverture politique quand l’horizon semble fermé ? Explorant la force et les limites de cet imaginaire politique ambivalent, les contributions rassemblées dans ce volume tentent d’expliquer pourquoi le scénario apocalyptique fait retour dans une civilisation qui n’est plus soudée ni par la croyance religieuse ni par l’espoir révolutionnaire. Qu’est-ce qui distingue l’apocalyptisme contemporain de l’apocalyptisme biblique et de ses avatars ? Comment distinguer un apocalyptisme laïc, qui affronte avec lucidité la perspective d’une destruction par l’homme des conditions nécessaires à la poursuite de son existence et les lubies des marchands d’apocalypse, qui mobilisent et galvaudent à leur profit le scénario religieux ? Enfin, comment restaurer une perspective politique dans ce climat de destruction générale ? En réunissant des contributions d’historiens, de philosophes, de spécialistes de littérature, d’études théâtrales et de cinéma, ce volume de La Licorne entreprend d’approcher de façon critique un art de désespérer avec espoir caractéristique de l’époque contemporaine.

Since its founding in 1921, the Institute of Historical Research (IHR) at the University of London has seen students and teachers come together, socially and intellectually, to engage in lively academic seminars. But for what purpose and with what value? Talking History provides a defence of the seminar as a central element in historians’ teaching, research and sense of community. Covering a range of the IHR’s long-running seminar series, the book presents the seminars as a local, national and international hub for scholarship that emerges from and is sustained by the ongoing learning practices of historians as scholars and people. It bears witness to a seminar culture of evolving, multifarious synergies between teaching, researching and learning, historiography and participation – intertextual, interpersonal, intergenerational and intercultural. Viewed as such, the seminars constitute a living tradition, stimulating and incorporating dynamic change over time to contribute not just to the development of historiography but to intellectual life more generally, often in conversation with major political events and cultural phenomena. This original and significant book delivers fresh insight into the evolution of historical research and its role in wider society today.

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are a transformative technology expected to change and improve the safety and efficiency of mobile vehicles. As the main functional components of CAVs, advanced sensing technologies and control algorithms, which gather environmental information, process data, and control vehicle motion, are of great importance. The development of novel sensing technologies for CAVs has become a research hot spot in recent years. Thanks to improved sensing technologies, CAVs can interpret sensory information to detect obstacles, localize their positions, navigate, and interact with vehicles in the surrounding dynamic environment. Further, by leveraging computer vision and other sensing methods, these vehicles can recognize in-cabin human body activities, facial emotions, and mental states.

Flood prevention, food safety, transport of hazardous materials, infectious diseases, the risks posed by new technologies, and many other threats to public health and the environment call for ongoing public alertness. However, the ways in which these safety risks are currently assessed and managed fall short of addressing the uncertainties of future threats. The contributors to this essential volume argue that in order to ensure future-proof safety policies, we should be adopting a new paradigm, one based on the precautionary principle: i.e. the notion that the vulnerability of humans, society and the natural environment requires a proactive approach to uncertainties. In this vital report, the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy outlines ways to embody this principle in both private and public law and in various institutional arrangements.

Fictional representations of autism hold immense power over social perception, and yet such portrayals often remain stereotypical and one-sided. Based on discourse theory, Eva Charlotte Hesse explores the origins of autism stereotypes with regard to ideas of normality and deviance, their impact on the lives of autistic individuals, and the controversy surrounding autism definition. She offers criteria for the evaluation of autism portrayals while also pointing out prejudices and underlying power structures in the light of new medical findings, thus providing a critical perspective on current developments within the autism discourse.

A figueira, originária da região da Ásia Menor e da Síria, foi cultivada e selecionada pela primeira vez pelos árabes e judeus, em uma região situada ao sudoeste da Ásia. É uma das mais anti­gas plantas cultivadas no mundo, sendo considerada pelos povos antigos como símbolo de honra e fertilidade. A cultura da figueira é interessante para o Brasil, que vem se destacando como um grande fornecedor de figos para o mundo, com 20% a 30% do volume total produzido no país destinado para a exportação. Neste livro, organizado por Sarita Leonel e Aloísio Costa Sampaio, diversas abordagens sobre esse fruto, tanto em seu aspecto econômico como biológico e até mesmo cultural, são feitas por especialistas, que procuram fazer uma revisão biblio­gráfica sobre a figueira, demonstrando sua importância ao longo da história da humanidade, com referências registradas em escri­tos religiosos, políticos, artísticos, medicinais e gastronômicos.

Going beyond the quantitative questions of traditional media usage research, the volume discusses the connection between media change, personal biographies and generations. The focus is on people's individual everyday experiences and (mediatized) living environments as well as the question of generation- specific media usage patterns and media pedagogical consequences. The volume includes empirical and theoretical contributions as well as biographical approaches to media education practice. It is aimed at researchers, teachers and students of media and communication studies, (media) education, sociology and history as well as (media) education specialists and laypeople interested in the topic.

When Sister Emma and the five women who accompanied her from England crossed the Orange River early in 1874, they exchanged the comfortable mainstream of Anglican Church life for the rigours of pioneering new works in an undeveloped country. Living conditions were primitive, travel was hard, and money was always in short supply. The newly-formed Community of St Michael and All Angels opened the first girls’ schools north of the Orange and the first hospital in the Free State. At Kimberley, Sister Henrietta achieved a world first through her successful campaign for the State Registration of nurses. Four Sisters were besieged in Kimberley during the Anglo-Boer War, and in Bloemfontein their Mother House became a military hospital. By faith and determination the Community recovered. St Michael’s School was raised to new standards of excellence, while the Sisters expanded their mission to include Lesotho and the eastern Free State. Decades of work with Bloemfontein’s sick and deprived led to Sister Enid becoming known as Ma Mohau (Mother of Mercy), and to national acclaim in the 1970s as South Africa’s Mother Teresa. This book studies the development of the Community’s religious life, and charts the progress of their work among all races from their foundation until the death of the last Sister in 2016. Across the Orange, their relative isolation from the strong centres of Anglicanism eventually contributed to their demise, but not before they had established an enduring legacy. The work they began in Lesotho is continued by the Community of the Holy Name, while St Michael’s School in Bloemfontein is recognised as one of the finest girls’ schools in South Africa.

Based on seven years of ethnographic fieldwork in Denmark this study investigates how Islamic legal processes work before and after the emergence of Islamic divorce councils around 2021. The author begins by laying out a new methodology for the study of sharia, which leads him to several surprising conclusions. The study for example demonstrates that Islamic legal practices constitute an integrated part of how the Danish welfare state operates, that female Muslim leaders play important roles in Islamic divorce processes, and that the demand for Islamic divorce councils is generated as a byproduct of Muslim women’s agency.

Character can be defined as self-aware knowledge that helps the individual to set goals, values and ethical principles (Cloninger, 2004). This meta-cognitive dimension of human personality involves ‘Theory of Mind’, and is positively related to measures of well-being, mental health, and constructive behavior patterns. Research from at least three different fields, cultural (Shweder, Much, Mahapatra & Park, 1997), personality (Cloninger, 2004), and social psychology (Abele & Wojcizke, 2007) suggest that character can be organized along three broad principles: agency, which is related to the autonomy and the fulfillment and enhancement of the self; communion, which is related to engagement in the protection and relations to others such as families, companies or nations; and spirituality, which is related to the human ability to transcend the self and find and interconnection with all life and appreciation of the whole world around us (Haidt, 2006; Cloninger, 2013). Using the Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993) researchers have found that agentic (i.e., Self-directedness) and communal (i.e., Cooperativeness) values are associated to high levels of happiness, psychological well-being, and less violent behavior. Moreover, low Self-directedness and Cooperativeness is recurrent among individuals with all types of mental health problems, such as, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and et cetera. Spirituality, in coherence with agency and communion, guides the individual to seek self-realization in harmony with others and nature in the changing world (Cloninger, 2013). Seeing character as self-awareness of the self in three dimensions has also been associated to human responsibility and empowerment. This Research Topic will focus on all article types that put forward findings regarding: •Character as a protective factor against mental illness •Character’s association to conduct disorders and violent behavior •Character as a promoter of happiness, life satisfaction, and well-being •The etiology of character •Longitudinal studies on character •Agency, communion, and spirituality as broad dimensions for the conceptualization of positive measures of mental health •Innovative methods to measure or conceptualize character •Non-linear effects of character on mental health •Character as a measure/conceptualization of responsibility •Character in school and work place settings •Character in relation to empowerment.

Die freie Verfügbarkeit dieser E-Book-Ausgabe auf Basis einer CC BY 4.0-Lizenz wurde ermöglicht durch die ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft.

The monograph reports the results of a study on the search for countermeasures in a hybrid war, in particular, in the war waged by Russia against Ukraine: generalized strategies for conducting and countermeasures in a hybrid war; strategic aspects of the Russian-Ukrainian war are analyzed; a subdomain analysis of the features of the Russian-Ukrainian war on land, in the air, at sea, in information space (in particular, cyberspace) was carried out; informational, social, legal, and historical aspects of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war were investigated. The monograph was prepared based on the materials of the research work "Improving the Theoretical Foundations of Countering Hybrid Warfare" (State registration number: 0122U200490) within the framework of the Ukraine-NATO Platform for Countering Hybrid Warfare, as part of the implementation of international scientific projects: "Military Aspects of Countering Hybrid Warfare: Experiences, Lessons, Best Practices" (NATO code – SAS-161) with the NATO Science and Technology Organization and "Total Defence" with the Norwegian Defence University College, Norway.

The 7th volume of my series “Acarorum Catalogus” concerns the mite superfamily Raphignathoidea. The 12 families of this superfamily consist of 69 genera and some 1087 species and are being studied intensely, particularly by acarologists from China, South Africa, Turkey, Iran, Crimea and other countries or areas. Some members of the Raphignathoidea are suitable for biological pest control (Gerson & Smiley 1990, Gerson, Smiley & Ochoa, 2003).

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Le livre médiéval connaît, dans le grand public, un regain de faveur dont témoignent films, fac-similés et ventes aux enchères. Même si leurs activités sont moins spectaculaires, les chercheurs travaillent de plus en plus sur les manuscrits légués par le Moyen Âge. Leur première tâche consiste à en dresser un inventaire exact : d’où une floraison de catalogues, que publient aussi bien des presses prestigieuses que de modestes bulletins diocésains. Ce guide, qui recense quelque 900 titres, permet des voyages imaginaires dans les collections de manuscrits, d’Aalborg (Danemark) jusqu’à Zutphen (Pays-Bas), en passant par Berlin, Londres et Venise. Il donnera aussi l’occasion aux amateurs de livres de suivre des pistes qui conduisent de l’Italie de la Renaissance aux grandes collections américaines d’aujourd’hui.