Open Access Books

La route et les petites villes sont des réalités spatiales et historiques qui traversent les siècles pour constituer deux éléments premiers de l’implantation des communautés humaines dans un territoire. Si les routes et les villes secondaires ont, chacune de leur côté, fait l’objet de nombreuses rencontres, d’écrits et de débats, l’idée de confronter ces deux réalités historiques, qui sont aussi deux concepts, a donné naissance à cet ouvrage composé de contributions d’historiens, de géographes et d’archéologues. Si l’Auvergne est tout particulièrement représentée, plusieurs régions d’Italie sont également concernées (Lombardie, Toscane, Émilie-Romagne, Frioul), ainsi que la Gaule belgique, l’Égypte médiévale, le Tyrol moderne et la France d’Ancien Régime. Du ier siècle apr. J.‑C. au xixe siècle, cet ouvrage offre un éclairage inédit sur la composition et sur l’évolution des ensembles routiers en s’attardant sur le rôle joué par les centres urbains secondaires dans ces processus.

Le thème retenu par l'IFR droit « Mutation des normes juridiques » pourrait surprendre car assurément le voyage n'est pas une notion juridique. Mais tout aussi assurément il n'est guère de branches du droit qui ne contiennent de dispositions l'appréhendant. Il serait par ailleurs vraisemblablement vain de chercher une définition universelle et intemporelle du voyage. Pourtant il ne fait aucun doute que depuis ses origines l'histoire de l'humanité n'a cessé d'avoir partie liée avec celle des voyages humains même après la domination des sédentaires sur les nomades. Ces voyages à caractère sacré, commercial, conquérant, savant, initiatique..., ont constitué un défi constamment renouvelé pour le droit des sociétés sédentarisées requis de traduire le délicat équilibre à réaliser entre leur fermeture et leur ouverture à l'inconnu, autrement dit entre une appréhension du voyage et des voyageurs comme une menace pour la préservation de l'ordre social et une appréhension du voyage et des voyageurs comme une promesse du renouveau indispensable de la société. À la faveur de la révolution des transports l'essor du commerce international, l'avènement du voyage de loisirs au XIXe siècle et la massification du tourisme occidental à partir du XXe siècle ont marqué un tournant de l'histoire du voyage et donné naissance à un droit du marché du voyage. Aujourd'hui, alors que toutes les destinations de notre monde semblent connues et que sont menacés de disparition les derniers peuples nomades sous les coups de la globalisation, un fossé se creuse entre le monde des riches néonomades de la mobilité mondiale qui se rient des frontières et le monde des sédentaires ou nomades de misère que les frontières enferment ou menacent. Le défi pour le droit de l'ouverture du monde offerte aux premiers et le défi pour le voyage de la clôture du monde imposée aux seconds invitent à réinventer le voyage et son droit de demain.

“Sustainable Crop Management - Programs, Research and Future Pathways” presents innovative research activities supporting plant practices having site-specific applications that will offer long-term provision of (i) food and fiber needs, (ii) environmental stewardship, (iii) effective use of non-renewable resources, and (iv) sustain the economic viability of agricultural production. Each chapter addresses unique approaches to crop sustainability, including genetics, biological controls, emerging herbicide formulations, advances in plant pathology, soil fertility, and soil microbial-based technologies, and crop management in soils under physiologic stress. Collectively, these chapters provide a compendium of sustainability approaches.

Nowadays, despite the growing attention to indoor environmental quality and comfort, existing workplaces still often fail to meet employees’ expectations and needs, affecting their well-being and productivity. In order to improve management decisions, crucial insights can be provided by the timely correlation of objective workplace conditions, observed by sensors, and subjective workers’ feedback, collected through Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method. This paper presents a prototypical Digital Twin for the assessment of workplace performance from an occupant-centric perspective, based on the integration of IoT, BIM and Semantic Web technologies. Following the definition of relevant use cases and requirements a layered system architecture is presented and the prototype implementation is discussed. For capturing the workplace’s environmental properties, a sensor network based on the Zigbee communication standard is proposed due to its data transmission efficiency. The measured data, converted in the lightweight MQTT protocol, are streamed to an InfluxDB time series database where they are stored along with the incoming workers’ feedback collected as survey responses with a dedicated web application. These time series data are queried and transported into a developed web platform for integrating BIM and RDF data within the standardized structure of Information Containers for linked Document Delivery (ICDDs). Inside this platform, the IFC model of the workplace, the measured data from the sensors, and the worker generated RDF data according to the WOMO ontology for occupant-centric workplace management are linked. The capabilities of the workplace Digital Twin prototype are finally demonstrated querying the linked heterogeneous data to fulfil workplace management tasks in a case study provided at the end of the paper

This book, Routledge Handbook on International Economic Law , presents a broad, clear, and accessible overview of international economic law. It consists of contributions from leading scholars and rising stars in the field from across the globe. The Handbook comprises five main parts. Part I deals with the history and theory of the discipline. Parts II, III, and IV deal with the main substantive areas of international economic law: international trade law, international investment law, and international financial and monetary law. Part V explores the link between international economic law and other international legal regimes, such as environmental law and human rights law, highlighting areas where tensions may occur between economic liberalization, sovereignty, and other concerns. The Handbook investigates international economic law’s theory, policy, and practice from various perspectives. Its 31 chapters highlights central themes that have driven the development of this dynamic subject, reflecting the field as it exists now, while also serving as a point of departure for future studies. The book will provide a solid resource for scholars, students, policymakers, and practitioners in international law, international relations, political science, and economics.

In all spheres of life, relationships among public and private organizations are built in order to deal with complex societal problems and to address economic challenges that cannot be dealt with by single organizations. Because of the interdependencies, interorganizational collaboration is essential, yet working across organizational boundaries is far from simple. It involves a multitude of different organizations, each having its own interests, perspectives, and identities while also varying in power and size. Further, the societal problems that are dealt with are often severe. This volume focuses on the relational complexities of interorganizational collaboration, captured by the term dynamics, referring to: (a) the social and psychological processes that occur when organizations and their representatives interact to engage in cross-boundary or collaborative work (e.g., trust and distrust, intergroup stereotyping and conflict, conflict avoidance, inclusion and exclusion of stakeholders, power dynamics), as well as (b) the development of these processes over time, in view of external and internal events and/or as a consequence of deliberate interventions to enhance collaborative success. The perspective put forward is largely psychological and sociological, both in terms of understanding the group and intergroup processes as well as efforts to intervene to develop collaborative relationships, based on action research and an organizational development approach.

En ce temps-là, les évêques, couverts de leur cotte de mailles et armés d'une massue, n’hésitaient pas à participer aux batailles que se livraient les princes. Odon, évêque de Bayeux, et Geoffroi de Montbray évêque de Coutances, furent présents à Hastings et ne se contentèrent pas de combattre l'adversaire avec les seules armes de la prière. Souvent issus d’illustres familles aristocratiques, ils jouèrent un rôle capital dans la vie du duché de Normandie et dans le royaume anglo-normand. Mai...

With this special volume of Speculations, the editors wanted to challenge the contested term “speculative realism,” offering scholars who have some involvement with it a space to voice their opinions of the network of ideas commonly associated with the name. Whilst undoubtedly born under speculative realist auspices, Speculations has never tried to be the gospel of a dogmatic speculative realist church, but rather instead to cultivate the best theoretical lines sprouting from the resurgence, in the last few years, of those speculative and realist concerns attempting to break free from some of the most stringent constraints of critique. Sociologist Randall Collins observed that, unlike other fields of intellectual inquiry, “[p]hilosophy has the peculiarity of periodically shifting its own grounds, but always in the direction of claiming or at least seeking the standpoint of greatest generality and importance.” If this is the case, to deny that a shift of grounds has indeed become manifest in these early decades of the twenty-first century would be, at best, a sign of a severe lack of philosophical sensitivity. On the other hand, whether or not this shift has been towards greater importance (and in respect to what?) is not only a legitimate but a necessary question to ask. Whatever the intrinsic value in the name, the contributors to this volume have all engaged, more or less directly, with a critical analysis of the vices and virtues of “speculative realism”: from the extent to which its adversarial stance towards previous philosophical stances is justified to whether it succeeds (or fails) to address satisfactorily the concerns that ostensibly motivate it, through to an assessment of the methods of dissemination of its core ideas. The contributions are divided in two sections, titled “Reflections” and “Proposals,” describing, with some inevitable overlap, two kinds of approach to the question of speculative realism: one geared towards its retrospective and its critical appraisal, and the other concerned with the positive proposition of alternative or parallel approaches to it. It is believed that the final result, in its heterogeneity, will be of better service to the philosophical community than a dubiously univocal descriptive recapitulation of “speculative realist tenets.”

While recent work has renewed our knowledge of execution sites and the internal layout of confinement places in the Middle Ages, the distribution of prison spaces and territories, and in particular the socio-spatial dynamics and logics of their location, have yet to be analyzed. These prison spaces are the subject of this book, written by historians, archaeologists and literary scholars. By prison space, we mean the space produced by one or more places of incarceration: the interior spaces of a prison in all their complexity and the exterior space, whether that of arrests, judicial executions or the immediate vicinity of the gaol. The fourteen essays deal with prison space at different scale (buildings, neighborhood, city or region) and use a wide variety of sources: judicial documents, urban regulations, prison rules, accounts, iconography, archaeological datas, literary texts, etc.

Døden angår oss. Våre dødsforestillinger sier noe om hvem vi er, hvordan vi oppfatter oss selv, og hva som er viktig for oss. Tanatologi er vitenskapen og læren om døden. Den utgjør et voksende tverrfaglig felt internasjonalt. Alt som lever, må dø bidrar til å sette tanatologien på kartet i Norge. Boka springer ut fra et nytt nordisk nettverk av forskere som arbeider med døden fra ulike perspektiver og ulike fag: idéhistorie, filosofi, helsefag, kulturstudier, litteraturvitenskap, psykososiale studier, sosiologi og teologi. Er døden vårt siste tabu, eller snakker vi tvert imot mer om den enn før?I vår tid er døden blitt et medisinsk anliggende som først og fremst håndteres av helsepersonell. Hvordan skal vi forholde oss til døden som enkeltindivider og samfunn?

Sand flies are an ancient group of Diptera estimated to contain 1000 species. Approximately 70 of these transmit pathogens (viruses, bacteria and protists), which cause human and animal diseases. The most important are the Leishmania parasites, transmitted to humans and animals, during blood feeding by female sand flies, and which cause diseases that can be fatal or disfiguring. Sand flies are known to use volatile chemicals produced by plants to locate sugar meals, host odours to locate a blood meal, and chemicals from decaying vegetation and other sources to identify oviposition sites. In a limited number of cases, male sand flies also produce volatile chemicals (sex/aggregation pheromones) that are attractive to females and other males. The presence of sex/aggregation pheromones is well documented in Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato, the South American vector of Leishmania infantum, in which they were first identified 40 years ago. During this time, a range of behavioural and chemical methodologies have been applied to their study in the laboratory and the field. The presence of sex/aggregation pheromones has also been suggested in a small number of other New and Old-World vectors, but the evidence is incomplete, as it is either solely chemical, i.e. without supporting behavioural evidence or behavioural evidence is available, but there is no supporting chemical evidence. Within the Lu. longipalpis s.l. species complex, the sex/aggregation pheromones provide a taxonomic guide to the members of the complex. There are four different known chemical types (five members of the complex), and one of these, the most geographically widespread, has been synthesised in bulk quantity. The synthetic pheromone, co-located with insecticide, has been shown to significantly reduce numbers of sand flies, and leishmania infection in dogs, the reservoir of human infection, and could significantly impact the number of human cases.

Biological Diversity and Sustainable Resources Use is a very interesting volume, including attractive overviews and original case studies mainly focused on socio-economical effects of the right management of the ecosystems biodiversity, as well as on the useful integration between human activities and environmental responses. Ecological, medical and historical aspects of the sustainable development are also discussed in this book which consists of articles written by international experts, offering the reader a clear and extensive view of the present condition in which our planet is.

Bedrohen große Vermögensverwalter wie BlackRock den Wettbewerb? Der Autor zeigt, dass es einer wettbewerblichen Schadenstheorie unter Berücksichtigung der rechtlichen und tatsächlichen Rahmenbedingungen an Plausibilität fehlt. In der Theorie lassen sich weder ausreichende Einflussnahmemöglichkeiten noch ein einheitliches Gesamtbrancheninteresse von Vermögensverwaltern begründen. Die empirisch-quantitative Auswertung am Beispiel der ETF-Portfolios BlackRocks bestätigt die theoretischen Vorüberlegungen zum fehlenden Gesamtbrancheninteresse aufgrund von Interessenkonflikten zwischen Fonds. Eine Verschärfung des Kartellrechts oder eine Regulierung zur Begrenzung indirekter Horizontalverflechtungen ist daher nicht angezeigt.

Assembling an impressive cast of contributors, this volume employs liminality as a lens through which to study the social and cultural history of animals in the modern city. It includes a variety of case studies, such as the horse-human relationship in the towns of New Spain, hunting practices in 17th-century France, the birth of the zoo in Germany and the role of the stray dog in the Victorian city, demonstrating the interrelated nature of animal and human histories. This is a vital resource for scholars and students interested in animal studies, urban history and historical geography.

Przewodnik do ćwiczeń z fizjologii roślin jest skierowany głównie do studentów studiów licencjackich na kierunkach biologia, ochrona środowiska i biotechnologia. Może być przydatny również dla studentów innych kierunków przyrodniczych i rolniczych oraz osób zainteresowanych biologią eksperymentalną roślin. Ćwiczenia zostały tak opracowane, by zaprezentować studentom podstawowe procesy związane z funkcjonowaniem roślin i ułatwić poznanie ich wzajemnych relacji, co ma istotne znaczenie w kontekście całościowego ukazania procesów biologicznych oraz praktycznego wykorzystania roślin w życiu człowieka. Zakres tematyczny przewodnika poszerzono o zagadnienia z biologii stresu, roślinnych kulturin vitrooraz dotyczące wielorakiego zastosowania związków biologicznie aktywnych. Każdy rozdział rozpoczyna się od krótkiego wstępu teoretycznego przygotowującego do zajęć laboratoryjnych, który ma ułatwić zrozumienie danego procesu lub reakcji, ale może być również użytecznym repetytorium wybranych zagadnień z fizjologii roślin. Przewodnik zawiera zestaw ćwiczeń, w większości autorskich. Można je wykonać bez zaawansowanej aparatury, a także dowolnie konfigurować w zależności od założeń programowych i warunków laboratoryjnych.