Open Access Books

The structure of sequential behavior and its patterns have attracted the attention of researchers from various disciplines, such as game theory, human and animal behavior, evolutionary ecology, psychology, behavioral economy, and cognitive sciences. Sequential behavior seems to be involved in the processes of sequential learning, decision-making processes, and exploratory behavior. There are, however, competing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms involved in the complexity of the behavioral responses of organisms when exposed to changing environments. The behavioral response to different environmental conditions is often utilized in behavioral ecology studies, where the changes in behavior are quantified in terms of probability of dispersal, distance, and speed of movements or time budget, where the time spent on different activities (foraging, resting, explore, etc.) is registered and analyzed in terms of cost–benefit. This book represents a series of articles covering a broad spectrum of organisms and proposes the analysis of sequential behavior utilizing indices commonly applied in the estimation of developmental instability (fluctuating asymmetry, directional asymmetry, and antisymmetry) toward estimating the degree of “Behavioral Instability”. Deviations from symmetry will be interpreted in ecological and evolutionary terms, where the cost and benefits of changes of the degree of behavioral instability will be analyzed in terms of overall costs and benefits and its evolutionary significance. Presented in this collection are multidisciplinary studies (theoretical and computational as well as experimental and empirical approaches) that validate the proposed approach and pave the way for future investigation in the novel field of what is best described as behavioral instability.

Silence runs like a thread through the history of the school. In past centuries, countless teachers have urged children to be quiet. There have also been many publications in which educational authors have reflected on the value of silence for education. In this book, Pieter Verstraete explores the history of the pedagogical significance of silence using previously unexplored archival material. Have you always wanted to know where the preference for classroom silence comes from? Do you wonder why we teach reading in silence today and if it was always like that? Do you want to know how quiet and shy students used to be treated? Or are you curious why Maria Montessori thought silence classes were so important? This book fascinatingly introduces you to the multi-voiced sound of silence in the history of parenting and education.

Successful producers of machine tools today must offer customers highly efficient and accurate machines. This can only be achieved with the help of modern software in research, construction, production and quality control. Trends in development are oriented towards modular construction machines. The application of modern tools and the progressive construction of headstock has increased cutting speeds, thus significantly increasing the machine’s productivity. The first section of the book is focused on trends in the development of machines. A second very significant machine parameter is accuracy. The rigidity of the machine is a necessary condition for achieving its required accuracy. The second part of the book is dedicated to the effect of the individual constructional nodes on stability, the optimization of system rigidity, and the measuring of the accuracy of the machining tools. The aim of the third and final section of the book is to point out the widest possibilities for the application of machine tools in industry. An example is presented of the application of machining tools in the orthoses manufacture.

Dieses Open-Access-Buch zur Consumer Decision Neuroscience verfolgt das Ziel, durch die Integration neurowissenschaftlicher Methoden in die Käufer- und Konsumentenverhaltensforschung die Identifikation verhaltensrelevanter, neurophysiologischer Variablen zu ermöglichen, um darauf aufbauend eine Theorieerweiterung zu schaffen. In ausgewählten Beiträgen werden Käufer- und Konsumentenentscheidungsprozesse anhand verschiedener methodischer, neurowissenschaftlich fundierter Herangehensweisen empirisch untersucht, um die Entscheidungsprozesse umfassend beschreiben, effektiver unterstützen und erfolgreich vorhersagen zu können.

Given the rapid growth of engineering fields, namely the food industry with novel food process technologies, novel ingredients, advanced enzyme production and applications, and other complementary technologies, this book will disclose the latest trends in food engineering. This text is a compilation of selected research articles and reviews covering current efforts in research in and application of emerging technologies in the food industry. The chapters in this book are divided into three broad sections. Section 1 deals with introductory information about enzyme application, preserving treatments (such as thermal treatment, active packaging concepts) in a sustainable, cost-effective manner, inclusion in food processing of wild edible plants as a part of cultural and generic heritage, and the upscaling of extraction techniques to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Section 2 provides data concerning the food industry's emerging technologies. Section 3 reveals the latest trends in food fortification. Overall, this book serves as an inspiring source for both scientific and industrial actors or anyone involved in any aspect related to the food industry.

Feminist scholarship is sometimes dismissed as not quite ‘proper’ knowledge – it’s too political or subjective, many argue. But what are the boundaries of ‘proper’ knowledge? Who defines them, and how are they changing? How do feminists negotiate them? And how does this boundary-work affect women’s and gender studies, and its scholars’ and students’ lives? These are the questions tackled by this ground-breaking ethnography of academia inspired by feminist epistemology, Foucault, and science and technology studies. Drawing on data collected over a decade in Portugal and the UK, US and Scandinavia, this title explores different spaces of academic work and sociability, considering both official discourse and ‘corridor talk’. It links epistemic negotiations to the shifting political economy of academic labour, and situates the smallest (but fiercest) departmental negotiations within global relations of unequal academic exchange. Through these links, this timely volume also raises urgent questions about the current state and status of gender studies and the mood of contemporary academia. Indeed, its sobering, yet uplifting, discussion of that mood offers fresh insight into what it means to produce feminist work within neoliberal cultures of academic performativity, demanding increasing productivity. As the first book to analyse how academics talk (publicly or in off-the-record humour) about feminist scholarship, Power, Knowledge and Feminist Scholarship is essential reading for scholars and students in gender studies, LGBTQ studies, post-colonial studies, STS, sociology and education. Winner of the FWSA 2018 Book Prize competition The Open Access version of this book, available at https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315692623, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Eventful, influential and absorbing, the early history of Northumberland is a fascinating story that has rarely been brought together under one cover. In this authoritative historical account, the authors bring to bear a huge quantity of old and new data and craft it into an in-depth synthesis. The authors deliver this history in chronological order from a perspective that places human activity and environment at its core. The narrative extends from the Palaeolithic through to, and including, the Anglo-Saxon period. This enormous sweep of history is supported by a robust radiocarbon chronology, with all available dates for the region brought together and calibrated against the most recent calibration curves for the first time. The geographic focus of the volume is North Northumberland but the narrative frequently extends to cover the whole county and occasionally further afield into neighbouring areas so as to deal with key topics at an appropriate geographic scale and to take account of important information from nearby areas. This second volume in the Till-Tweed monograph series follows on from the first volume, Managing Archaeological Landscapes in Northumberland , which provided a considerable quantity of new field data, in addition to presenting a landscape management methodology based around the "landform element" approach.

The trend of digitalization is an omnipresent phenomenon nowadays – in social life and in the dental community. Advancement in digital technology has fostered research into new dental materials for the use of these workflows, particularly in the field of prosthodontics and oral implantology.CAD/CAM-technology has been the game changer for the production of tooth-borne and implant-supported (monolithic) reconstructions: from optical scanning, to on-screen designing, and rapid prototyping using milling or 3D-printing. In this context, the continuous development and speedy progress in digital workflows and dental materials ensure new opportunities in dentistry.The objective of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the current knowledge with state-of-the-art theory and practical information on digital workflows to determine the uptake of technological innovations in dental materials science. In addition, emphasis is placed on identifying future research needs to manage the continuous increase in digitalization in combination with dental materials and to accomplish their clinical translation.This Special Issue welcomes all types of studies and reviews considering the perspectives of the various stakeholders with regard to digital dentistry and dental materials.

What does truthfulness mean and what role does it play in our moral actions? The author undertakes a fundamental revision and further development of discourse ethics in the sense of Jürgen Habermas and Karl-Otto Apel. The core idea hereof is the solid redefinition of the concept of truthfulness, which in classical theories of discourse ethics has hitherto been misconceived as a claim to validity and has remained marginal as such. In contrast to this, the author develops the thesis that truthfulness—understood as orientation toward the ethical goods of the uncircumventible discourse—constitutes the moral core of human action. She argues that this discursive moral criterion remains valid even when discourse fails in practice or is no longer justifiable. This title is also available as open access. Keywords

The book deals with patristic and rabbinic interpretations of the birth story of Moses in Exodus 1-2. The Christian and Jewish exegetes of late antiquity interpreted the text as part of their Bible, in dialogue with each other and in dissociation from each other.

Conflicts in forest management are unavoidable because of the large temporal and spatial scales characteristic of forests ecosystems and the large number of actors involved. Forests are multifunctional ecosystems par excellence, and it can be hypothesized that current public policies, and especially those labeled as societal transitions, can affect this widespread holistic management goal. In this Special Issue, the different contributions by the authors raise the questions of how different types of conflicts arise and what alternatives exist to solve those conflicts. The Issue contains examples from both temperate and tropical forests and addresses, for instance, conflicts arising from REDD+ programs, the declaration of new protected areas, the complexity of negotiating carbon offset targets, the loss of local knowledge because of demographic trends, and meeting biodiversity and biomass targets simultaneously, among others. We present a general typology of sources of conflicts because of two dimensions: a vertical dimension represented by bottom-up versus top-down approaches and a horizontal dimension arising by ecosystem extent and ownership boundaries. Awareness that new policies can be a source of unexpected conflicts calls for precaution while testing new ‘transition’ approaches.

La obra analiza cómo el pueblo shuar ejerció su capacidad de acción frente a las tres dimensiones de la misión salesiana: civilización, evangelización y educación, a través de movimientos que fluctúan entre la disputa, la resistencia y la apropiación en función de su existencia colectiva diferenciada. “Saber para prevalecer” expresa la expectativa histórica que explicó la aceptación de la alfabetización porque ofreció herramientas estratégicas que fortalecieron sus capacidades de confrontación con la colonización. La evangelización tardía, a su vez, fue asumida como condición de posibilidad para articular el territorio y las redes de liderazgo shuar. Finalmente, la investigación pone en escena las disputas civilizatorias de fondo que surgen de la relación entre misioneros y salesianos y que ofrecen, hoy, la posibilidad de remover los patrones civilizatorios de la modernidad colonialidad implantados en el territorio amazónico. Esas disputas enfrentan la desespiritualización de la naturaleza con la experiencia del territorio como ámbito sagrado de vida; la escisión del alma y el cuerpo con la espiritualidad que articula ambas instancias y las emociones; y el quiebre entre existencia y conocimiento con el conocimiento contextual y existencial del pueblo shuar. Cada capítulo abra con una “conversación” (aujmatsamu) ofrecida por hombres y mujeres shuar profesionales en las que narran su paso por las distintas etapas de educación formal a lo largo de su existencia. Ellos son: Serafín Patti Wajai, Rosa Naikiai Jintiach, Rosa Mariana Awak Tentets y José Nantipia Juepa, docentes del Instituto Nacional Bilingüe Intercultural Shuar Achuar de Bomboiza. Sus conversaciones constituyen lugares desde los que se abren preguntas antes que materiales sobre los cuales pensar o analizar, reorientado de muchas maneras el plan inicial de investigación y escritura hacia lugares imprevistos.

This book discusses advances in the dairy industry in various parts of the world. It is divided into four sections on “Dairy Technology”, “Reproductive Biotechnology”, “Entrepreneurship Development”, and “Sustainable Development”. Chapters address such topics as regional dairy breeds, farming innovations, mineral nutrition, folliculogenesis, fertility in dairy cows, milk hygiene, and much more.

The early postnatal period is a crucial stage for hippocampal development. During this critical period, the neonatal hippocampus is highly sensitive to the detrimental consequences of adverse environmental factors. Extensive clinical and preclinical evidence has shown that traumatic events early in life have profound and persistent effects on hippocampal function and behavior. This research topic focuses on the acute and lasting effects of early-life stress on various developmental processes in the hippocampus, and aims to uncover the molecules that are responsible for early-life stress-programmed effects and underlie resilience or vulnerability to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. We hope the articles in this research topic will provide novel insights and stimulate future studies on the mechanisms of early-life stress and brain development.