Open Access Books

During the dyeing process, losses of colorants to the water sources can be toxic and mutagenic and also decreases light penetration and photosynthesis activity. In recent years, since textile industry can generate large volumes of effluents, textile wastewater treatments have received considerable attention. The aim of this book is to look into textile wastewater treatments shortly. It is designed for readers who study on textile dyeing effluent. I would like to record my sincere thanks to authors for their contributions.

In recent research, there has been growing emphasis on the collaborative, social, and collective nature of musical behaviour and practices. Among the emerging hypotheses in this connection are the idea that listening to music is always listening together and being with the other; that music making is a matter of intercorporeality, mutuality, and emphatic attunement; and that creative agency in musical practices is fundamentally a distributed phenomenon. Chamber music provides an ideal context for the testing and actualization of these notions. This Special Issue on chamber music and the chamber musician aims to explore the psychological, social, cultural, historical, and artistic issues in the practice of classical chamber music in the twenty-first century. Contributions are invited on any of these aspects and issues involved in being a contemporary classical chamber musician. Authors are encouraged to contextualise their research by reference to the recent literature on collaborative musicking, and among the topics they may choose to address are the cultural and musical demands chamber musicians face and the implications of these demands for their artistic practice, the ways the twenty-first-century chamber musicians engage with historical practices, the newly emerging musical identities and artistic roles available to them, and expressivity in current chamber music practices.

Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have highlighted the importance of the ‘School of Salamanca’ for the emergence of colonial normative regimes and the formation of a language of normativity on a global scale. According to this influential account, American and Asian actors usually appear as passive recipients of normative knowledge produced in Europe. This book proposes a different perspective and shows, through a knowledge historical approach and several case studies, that the School of Salamanca has to be considered both an epistemic community and a community of practice that cannot be fixed to any individual place. Instead, the School of Salamanca encompassed a variety of different sites and actors throughout the world and thus represents a case of global knowledge production. Readership: All interested in the legal history, the history of knowledge, book history and history of philosophy and theology in early modern times, especially with regard to colonial Ibero-America and Asia.

The edition of the minutes of the cabinet meetings of Leopold Figl’s first government is an important contribution to the history of the early years of Austria’s Second Republic and its political components after World War II. Vol. 14 encompasses meetings no. 139 of January 4, 1949 to no. 146 of February 21, 1949, as well as the accompanying minutes of the Wirtschaftliches Ministerkomitee (Economic Committee of Ministers). The discussions cover matters of foreign, domestic and economic policy, reconstruction, and relations between the Austrian government and the four great powers. Particularly prominent are the pervasive problem of securing basic levels of nutrition for the Austrian population, the ongoing State Treaty negotiations, and measures to implement the European Recovery Program.

Within the context of the Torah, the Joseph story can be read as a transition that explains why Jacob and his family came to Egypt. However, if one looks at other texts of the Hebrew Bible, there is no mention of the Joseph story; instead, the arrival of the Israelites is said to be the result of the decision of a "father" or of "fathers" to go down do Egypt. Indeed, there are very few references to Joseph at all in the whole Hebrew Bible. Apparently, the Joseph story is not necessary for explaining why the Israelites found themselves in Egypt. The question therefore arises: Why was this story written, when, and for what audience? This volume offers an overview of the current discussion on the origins, composition, and historical contexts behind the Joseph narrative. There is a tendency to date the story (or its original version) to the Persian period, but this volume includes divergent voices about this issue. The volume also shows that scholarly discussion about the historical location of the Joseph story requires to bring together Egyptologists and biblical scholars.

Comme dans le reste du monde, y compris occidental, l’histoire culturelle et sociale du Việt Nam n’échappe pas à une écriture au masculin. Malgré la persistance séculaire du mythe de la femme guerrière, le pouvoir politique est pendant longtemps resté l’apanage des hommes, laissant aux femmes la gestion économique familiale et la transmission des valeurs traditionnelles. Écrit comme un témoignage, ce livre propose une relecture de l’histoire du Việt Nam au féminin, s'interrogeant sur les sources et méthodes alternatives pour faire émerger d'autres facettes de l’histoire.

Ouvrant un dialogue entre la didactique et la linguistique, l’ouvrage interroge la norme et les usages à l’oral. Au fil des contributions, toutes basées sur l’exploitation de corpus d’interactions spontanées, les auteurs abordent les enjeux de l’oralité et des pratiques langagières en classe, en ciblant notamment différents objets grammaticaux dans une perspective didactique. Il s’adresse ainsi non seulement aux chercheurs en linguistique et didactique intéressés par les questions d’oralité, mais aussi aux enseignants de français langue maternelle et étrangère désireux de s’informer sur les recherches contemporaines sur les corpus oraux, pour une approche de la grammaire au plus près des usages.

The enforcement of the sentence in a (re)educational perspective is a highly debated topic in different approaches, including the multidisciplinary ones. In this volume, the topic is discussed from a compensatory perspective, namely through the acknowledgement of the need to prepare educational tools to contrast the 'adverse educational actions', to which the prison population may be exposed, and to the phenomenon of repeated infractions. In addition to the elements of the treatment program (which is structured, intentional, legally regulated and procedure-like), every phase of the sentence enforcement, even those taken for granted, includes an educational value and presents itself as a growth and improvement opportunity for each prisoner. As evidence to the variety of experiences (in the educational sense), this volume collects a series of contributions by professionals from the criminal justice system who support the changing processes of prisoners.

The consumption of fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, etc., is thought to be associated with reduced risk for many human diseases, including cancers. Recently, significant advances have been made in evaluating the efficacy of natural products (compounds from natural sources) against human diseases. The purpose of this Special Issue, “Natural Products and Disease Prevention, Relief and Treatment", was to collect manuscripts concerning natural products for treating human diseases. Consequently, we have collected several high-quality manuscripts that focus on the molecular mechanisms of natural products, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer effects, as well as other health beneficial effects across a wide range of human diseases. Overall, this Special Issue is an excellent source for information on promising natural products for future preclinical and clinical research into multiple diseases.

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. China and Vietnam are two of the remaining constitutionally socialist countries that are single-handedly governed by Communist parties. Their rapid economic growth has gone hand in hand with the deepening commodification of labour and the restructuring of welfare – producing new tensions between workers’ needs and state priorities. Grounded in rich empirical research from diverse regions of both countries, this book explores how everyday struggles for livelihoods and wellbeing are shaped by increasingly flexible labour regimes and welfare systems offering minimal protection. It reveals how such systems encourage self-entrepreneurship and individual responsibility, while exposing the conflict between ensuring workers’ wellbeing and maintaining the market socialist model. Connecting labour and welfare transformations to broader political-economic processes – including land restructuring and financialisation – the book offers an unparalleled comparative perspective on two of the world’s most important manufacturing hubs.

Surfactants are ubiquitous and have applications in diverse areas, including food, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and targeted drug delivery systems. Their wide diversity of applications owes to their unique structure, namely, a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group present in the same molecule. Although most surfactants used industrially are synthetic, there is a growing need for natural surfactants, as the latter is obtainable from renewable sources and are less toxic and highly biodegradable in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. This book is a compilation of interesting articles by various experts that cover various applications of both synthetic and natural surfactants.

Approaching subalternity from a broad Gramscian angle, this edited collection contributes to the understanding of popular politics in parliamentary, autocratic, and colonial contexts. The book explores individual stories and micro-histories of complaints, requests, rumors, and other mediated and unmediated interactions between political institutions and the subjects they claimed to govern or represent. It challenges the approaches of institutionally oriented political historiography and its attention to the top-down construction of political representation, citizenship, and power and powerlessness. The book discusses more subtle forms of agency and the spaces these pertained to, which could indicate contestation or resistance taking place within a framework of loyalty towards the existing political institutions. This research does not only bridge the divide between political and apolitical frames of reference, but it also provides a new perspective on the dichotomy between loyalty and resistance by acknowledging the nuances of these seemingly opposing stances. With case studies from Europe, North Africa, South America, and India, the chapters cover political communication in proto-democratic, democratic, imperial, and authoritarian contexts. This volume is crucial reading for undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars in history and social sciences who are interested in political culture and the mechanisms of negotiating local, national, or imperial identities.

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance have most commonly been viewed in the context of human use and effects. However, both have co-existed in nature for millennia. Recently the roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes have started to be discussed in terms of functions other than bacterial inhibition and protection. This special topic will focus on both the traditional role of antibiotics as warfare mechanisms and their alternative roles and uses within nature such as antibiotics as signals or communication mechanisms, antibiotic selection at low concentrations, the non-specific role of resistance mechanisms in nature: e.g. efflux pumps, evolution of antibiotic resistance and the role of persisters in natural antibiotic resistance.

Although business process models are of high importance, many processes are modeled inadequately due to the significant effort required and a lack of expertise. This work presents an automatic, object-based modeling method in which object states are analyzed to derive activity types and ordering relations, which are then transformed into high-level Petri nets. By considering semantic relationships, manual activities are also identified, and complex object interdependencies are represented.

This volume contains seven lectures held at the University of Cologne in the winter semester of 2021/22 and the summer semester of 2022 as part of a lecture series organised by the Research Unit "Law and Ethics of Digital Transformation" under the general heading "The Power of Algorithms". The lectures deal with both basic questions and current issues of the digital transformation. The authors have been working on forward-looking topics for many years. With contributions by Nina Eckertz | Prof. Dr. Øyvind Eide | Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Dr. h.c. Stephan Hobe, LL.M. (McGill) | Dr. Amina Hoppe | Prof. Dr. Christian Katzenmeier | Prof. Dr. Torsten Körber, LL.M. | Prof. Dr. Axel Ockenfels | AkadR a.Z. Dr. Martin Schwamborn | Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Martin Paul Waßmer